11. a bond fund had the following yearly returns: year 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year 5 14% 7% -3% 18% 9% what is the standard deviation of the returns?

Answers

Answer 1

A measure of volatility or risk is the standard deviation of returns. You might anticipate more variability in returns the higher the return standard deviation. The returns' standard deviation is 7.968.

What does risk and return standard deviation mean?

The dispersion of asset prices from their average price, or market volatility, can be calculated with the use of standard deviation. A large standard deviation indicates a dangerous investment when prices move erratically. Low standard deviation indicates stable prices, which lowers the risk associated with investments.

How is the standard rate of return determined?

The initial investment value is subtracted from the investment's current value, and the result is divided by the original investment value to determine a simple rate of return. The result is multiplied by 100 to be reported as a percentage.

In the given question, we use formula of standard deviation,

standard deviation= √[tex](\frac{(R-A)^{2} }{N-1})[/tex]

W= returns

A= Average return

Average return= 45/5= 9

Return                       (R-A)                    [tex](R-A)^{2}[/tex]

14%                               5                           25

7%                               -2                             4

-3%                              -12                           144

18%                               9                            81

9%                                0                             0

45                                                              254   total

Standard Deviation= √[tex]{\frac{(R-A)^{2} }{N-1} }[/tex]

                               = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{254}{4} }[/tex]

                               = 7.968

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Related Questions

22 in some companies, the performance measures for profit center managers are heavily influenced by cost allocations downward from organizational units (such as company headquarters). why is this a mistake?

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The accounting data for the company will lose value. The financial statements of the business can include more favorable outcomes.

What are the three primary purposes for which managers of companies use information from managerial accounting?

provides managers with information that supports their three primary responsibilities: controlling, directing, and planning operations.

How do expenses affect the accounting equation?

A charge will have a negative impact on a company's retained earnings, which are included in stockholders' equity, or on a sole proprietor's capital account, which is included in owner's equity.

What are three potential influences on accounting ethical behavior?

The level of ethical behavior in an organization is affected by individual, social, and opportunity factors all at the same time. Personal objectives, moral values and attitudes, and knowledge level are all individual factors. Cultural norms and the actions and values of coworkers and significant others are examples of social factors.

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one month, teacher's helper produced 18 instructional modules. what was the average fixed cost for that month?

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$60 was the average fixed cost for that month.

AFC = FC/Q. Now we have Q = 18 and FC = 1080. So AFC = 1080/18 = 60

Hence the correct choice is A. AFC = $60 for Q = 18.

In enterprise and accounting, the price is the economic fee that has been spent by an enterprise with a view to producing something. In an enterprise, price expresses the quantity of money that is spent on the production or introduction of a very good or service. cost does no longer include a markup for income.

There are forms of charges, constant and variable. fixed and variable costs affect the business in specific methods but each is vital in making the enterprise worthwhile.

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using the cut-and-try method for aggregate operations planning, we can calculate the ending inventory and then calculate the safety stock as a percent of forecast demand. suppose that the beginning inventory is 300, the production requirement in units of product is 1,350, and demand forecast is 1,500. what is the ending inventory and percent safety stock? multiple choice 150 and 20% 450 and 30% 200 and 10% 150 and 10% 300 and 20%

Answers

Here ending inventory is 150 and percent safety stock is 10%.

What is a protection stock inventory?

Safety inventory is an more volume of a product which is saved in the warehouse to stop an out-of-stock situation. It serves as insurance plan against fluctuations in demand.

Does adding protection inventory extend general inventory?

Keeping greater stock will increase inventory protecting costs, however having too little inventory can lower revenues and bad Yelp opinions from sad customers. Forecasting purchaser demand for products is appropriate for inventory management, but safety inventory is the buffer if those forecasts are wrong.

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bob works as a torklitt driver in a manufacturing plant. vhen ne is at work. he is covered bv workers compensation insurance. his employer has also included a major medical plan as part of his benefit package, so bob is also covered by insurance outside of working hours, as well. which insurance term best describes this arrangement?

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This arrangement is superior due to the insurance term's 24-hour coverage.

How is a 24-hour shift covered?

The best 24/7 shift pattern, assuming a flat 24/7 shift pattern cover requirement, is typically a four- or five-team solution that can use either three shifts (typically eight hours each) or two twelve-hour shifts to provide 24/7 shift pattern cover.

What does a schedule with 24 hours look like?

In a 24-hour schedule, teams work four 10-hour shifts consecutively before taking two days off. They then work four 10-hour third shifts consecutively before taking three days off. They then work four 10-hour second shifts consecutively before taking another three days off.

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which term refers to a system in which workers complete their tasks in separate departments without regard to the consequences for the other components of the process?

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The silo effect refers to a device wherein employees whole their duties in separate departments without regard to the results of the alternative additives of the process.

what's the Silo Effect?

The silo impact is mainly the end result of compartmentalization in an organization. That is, whilst there may be a separation of men and women and corporations, silos are formed, and the effects might be that the corporations do now no longer make company efforts for the development of the general goal.

There isn't any collaborative attempt to useful resource the overall goal of the company and in lots of cases, positive booths will improve the others and it could bring about a setback for the enterprise as a whole.

The silo impact capitally suggests insularity amongst departments in an organization. This separation is a prime downside to a revolutionary enterprise organization as it breeds division, alienation, and a common war of words amongst corporations.

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singh company reports a contribution margin of $960,000 and fixed costs of $720,000. (1) compute its income. (2) compute its degree of operating leverage. (3) if sales increase by 15%, what amount of income is expected?

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The company reports a contribution margin of $960,000 and fixed costs of $720,000.compute its degree of operating leverage.

Operating leverage is a cost formula that measures the extent to which a company or project can increase operating profit by increasing sales. Companies with high gross margins and low variable costs have high operating leverage.

Operating leverage calculations are necessary because they help you understand a reasonable price to cover your costs and make a profit. In addition, it helps businesses understand how effectively fixed cost items such as machinery and inventory can be used to generate profits.

Operating leverage. This means that for every 1% change in the company's earnings, the company's operating profit is expected to change by 1.1%. This number is closer to 1, indicating a lower profit potential and a safer company.

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the ceo of gardengrow is considering moving to a modular structure. what would be the best reason to make such a move?

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To increase the flexibility of the organization would be the best reason to make such a move.

Any structure erected for habitation by person or property, whether or not planned to be put on a permanent basis, is considered a modular structure. Factory-built buildings and subassemblies for manufactured residential and commercial units, modular houses, and pre-fabricated dwellings are examples of modular structures.

There are 90% fewer vehicle movements. less interruption and greater safety: Because modules may be erected in a matter of days, modular construction can result in 90% fewer vehicle movements2, allowing your site to run normally while construction work is being completed.

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petty and colleagues (1983) had participants take part in a study on consumer attitudes. they were told they would receive a gift after the study. one group was promised a choice of razor blades, the other a choice of toothpaste. participants then flipped through ads and came across an ad for edge razor blades. half the participants read strong arguments for edge razor blades, and half read weak arguments. one version of the ad featured an attractive celebrity, and the other version featured an average-looking person. when the edge ad was relevant to the participants' later choice, what were the results?

Answers

When the edge ad was relevant to the participants' later choice when the edge ad was relevant to participants' later choice, If the arguments were strong, the participants chose Edge blades.

People can typically adjust to many opinions, although it goes against their own perception. The basic attribution error is that the tendency to position additional stress on internal characteristics to elucidate someone's dangerous behavior. associate example of this is often thinking that an individual agency did not answer your decision is rude (internal), however actually, they'll not have received your message (external).

In psychological science, the term person perception refers to the various mental processes that we tend to use to make impressions of others.

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according to keynesian economic theory, what kinds of actions should government take to achieve full employment?

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The implementation of an expansionary fiscal policy by the government is recommended by Keynesian economic theory.

What does the term "fiscal policy" mean?

Fiscal policy is the term used to describe how the government uses taxation and spending to influence the economy. Governments frequently utilize fiscal policy to promote strong, long-term development and to reduce poverty. Fiscal policy's key objectives include ensuring economic security, maintaining price stability, achieving high employment rates, allocating resources as efficiently as possible, accelerating development, encouraging investment, and boosting capital formation and expansion.

Please provide some examples of fiscal policy.

Expanding fiscal policy mostly takes the form of lower taxes and higher government spending. These two policies both seek to increase general demand while diminishing budget surpluses or increasing deficits.

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Your store sales average 190000 per month your triple net lease has tbe following monthly terms: rent is 5% of sales insurance is 300 maintenance is 75 utilities total 300 and taxes are 120 you expect next years sales to increase 5% but your lease terms will remain the same calculate the next years annual leade payment

Answers

The next year's annual lease payment is $129,240. The term “Lease Payment” is analogous to the rental payment. It refers to the payment created between the owner and renter, per the contract.

A Lease payment refers to the amount that's adequate for the monthly rent prearranged in an exceedingly contract by 2 parties.

Step 1: Verify next year's regular payment.

Since next year, the sales regular payment can have increased by seven-membered, we can verify next year's annual sales as shown:

F=P(1+R)

where;

Next year regular payment

This year's regular payment

R=salary increase rate

In our case;

F=unknown, to be determined

P=190,000 per month

P=(190,000×12)=$2,280,000 annually

R=5%=5/100=0.05

replacing;

F=2,280,000(1+0.05)=$2,394,000

Step 2: Verify next year's rent.

Next years rent=0.05×2,394,000=$119,700

Step 3: Verify insurance, maintenance, utilities and total annual taxes.

Total=annual insurance payments+annual maintenance payments+annual utilities payments+annual taxes

Total=(300×12)+(75×12)+(300×12)+(120×12)=$9,540

Step 4: Verify next year's annual lease payments.

Next year's annual lease payments=next year's rent payment+ insurance+maintenance+utilities+annual taxes

where;

Next year's rent payment=$119,700

Insurance+maintenance+utilities+annual taxes=$9,540

replacing;

Next years annual lease payments=(119,700+9,540)=$129,240

Next year's annual lease payments=$129,24

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By 2018, industries that are projected to represent 12 percent of the U.S. overall domestic product are _____.

Answers

By 2018, industries that are projected to represent 12 percent of the U.S. overall domestic product are

finance industryinsurance industry

What is an industry?

An industry is a collection of businesses that are connected by their main lines of activity. There are numerous categories of industries in contemporary economies. Sectors are generally used to combine together bigger groups of industry classifications.

Typically, a company's major revenue sources determine what industry it belongs to. For instance, even if a carmaker may have a financing segment that contributes 10% to the company's overall earnings, most classification systems would place the business in the automaker category.

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According the world health organization, what is the ideal cesarean section rate?.

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Since 1985, the international medical community has agreed that a caesarean section rate of 10% to 15% is reasonable.

Cesarean sections have been more common in both developed and underdeveloped countries since that time. When a caesarean section is necessary for medical reasons, it can successfully minimize maternal and newborn mortality. According to two recent HRP research, when caesarean section rates in a community reach roughly 10%, fewer women and babies die. There is no evidence that mortality rates fall when they hit 10%.

One of the impediments to a better understanding of this progression is the lack of a standardized, internationally agreed classification system for tracking and comparing caesarean section rates in a consistent and comparable manner.

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a characteristic that consumers value but may have difficulty assessing even after purchase because they do not have the necessary knowledge or experience is referred to as

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The characteristic is referred to as credence quality.

Credence quality is when a commodity has features that the buyer is unable to ascertain even after buying it. This causes difficulty for them to use it for things like professional services, medical operations, car repairs, etc. It is related to commodities whose evaluation calls for specialised knowledge or whose outcomes take time to manifest.

Due to knowledge asymmetry, credibility products frequently show a direct link between price and demand. Due to the imbalance, vendors are motivated to defraud customers by charging exorbitant rates for subpar goods. Credence quality thus denotes a feature that consumers desire but may find challenging to evaluate even after purchase because they lack the requisite information or experience.

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if a bond's yield to maturity exceeds its coupon rate, the bond's . a. price must be less than its par value b. current yield is equal to the coupon rate c. maturity value is less than the bond's market value d. current yield is equal to the capital gain on the maturity of the bond e. maturity value is more than its face value

Answers

If the yield to maturity is greater than the coupon rate, the adage that an (a) bond's price must be lower than its maturity value.

The four factors considered when pricing bonds are the par value, often known as the maturity value, coupon rate, term to maturity, and yield to maturity (YTM). A discount, premium, or par price might be used to determine the bond's price. The link between the YTM and the coupon rate determines the price.

If the yield to maturity is higher than the coupon rate, the bond is a discount bond, and its price is lower than its par value. When the YTM and coupon rates are equal.

Government bonds and corporate bonds are two different types of long-term investments that can be made using bonds. To pay the bond's par value and periodic coupon payments at maturity, the issuer must raise money from willing investors. In terms of default risk, corporate bonds are thought to be more dangerous than government bonds.

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which of the followings is not correct about the optimal risky portfolio on an investment opportunity set? group of answer choices it is not affected by the risk preference of investors its capital allocation line (cal) has the highest slope it offers the highest sharpe ratio its capital allocation line (cal) meets the investment opportunity set more than once

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The investment opportunity set more than once  is not correct about the optimal risky portfolio on an investment opportunity set. Any tangible or intangible thing offered, offered for sale, sold, or traded on the basis of express.

Implied representations about past, present, or future income, profit, or appreciation is considered an investment opportunity portfolio. Lending money is a form of investment. Bonds and even savings accounts are loans that produce interest for the investor over time. The identification of possible investment opportunities is the first step in the capital budgeting process. Typically, the planning body makes forecasts of future sales, which serve as the foundation for determining production targets.

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jones company has $500,000 of 10-year bonds payable outstanding. these bonds had a premium of $60,000 at issuance, which was 5 years ago. the company uses the straight-line amortization method. the current carrying amount of these bonds is:

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Jones Company has $500,000 in outstanding 10-year bonds due. These bonds carried a $60,000 premium at the time of issue, which was 5 years ago. The corporation employs the straight-line approach of amortization. These bonds have a current carrying value of $530,000.

Thus, the correct value = $530,000

What is the amortization method?

Amortization is an accounting method for spreading out the expenses of using a long-term asset across the projected period of value provision.

When the premium bond is issued, the credit balance on the payable account = $60,000

Since,

The premium will be charged for the year $60,000/10 years using the straight-line technique

= $6,000 per year

The total debits to the Premium account after five years = 5 × $6,000

= $30,000

The ending balance in the premium account = $(60,000-30,000)

= $30,000

The net carrying value of the bond = the maturity value + the remaining premium

= $500,000+$30,000

=$530,000

Thus, the correct value = $530,000

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ana no longer makes out checks to her utility company because she has arranged for her monthly utility charge to be automatically debited from her bank account on the due date. ana is experiencing an example of automation known as .

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Ana is experiencing an example of automation called customer-billing .

What is customer billing ?

The step-by-step procedure of requesting payment from clients through sending invoices is referred to as billing. The commercial document used by businesses to request payment and keep track of sales is an invoice.

An invoice explicitly contains the name of the thing a customer purchases, the product's cost and payment conditions, and the contact details for both the buyer and the seller.

How is  customer billing  useful ?

Client billing is the process of creating an invoice for the sales made to a client. For every company to manage cash flow and maintain a healthy financial position, billing is a crucial duty. Any business must have a good cash flow throughout the year. It's also advantageous when it comes time to paying taxes to the government because efficient billing streamlines the process, makes it quick and simple, and prevents time drain from creating and monitoring invoices.

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how will you know if the letter regarding a buyer's loan capacity is a prequalification letter or a preapproval letter?

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If the letter states that the loan approval is subject to "verification of the buyers' income and credit information" it is a prequalification letter.

Preapproval, as opposed to prequalification, is a more precise estimate of how much you could borrow from your lender and calls for records like your W2, most recent pay stubs, bank statements, and tax returns. The lender will then use these records to calculate the precise amount for which you can receive preapproval.

A prequalification or preapproval letter is a document from a lender stating that the lender is tentatively willing to lend to you, up to a certain loan amount. This document is based on certain assumptions, and it is not a guaranteed loan offer.

A pre-approval offer implies that you have advanced past the initial screening stage. But keep in mind that until you apply, you can't actually be approved for the card. Although you might be a strong candidate, the lender will probably need more details to process your application.

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the following statements describe why it is important to make the consumer aware of the brand name. choose a false statement. a. consumers are more likely to put a familiar brand in their top-of-mind, compared to unfamiliar brands. b. consumers are more likely to choose a familiar brand, compared to unfamiliar brands. c. consumers tend to learn something about a familiar brand faster than unfamiliar brands. d. consumers tend to perceive a familiar brand as cheaper and more irrational purchases, compared to unfamiliar brands. e. marketing communications for familiar brands are easier and more effective than unfamiliar brands.

Answers

The false statement is: marketing communications for familiar brands are easier and more effective than for unfamiliar brands.

Brand equity refers to the worth an organization gains from a product with a recognizable and loved name compared to a generic equivalent.

The company's assessment of the market was hardly objective. They saw the 'broken' as a drag that their product resolved. A complete is among the foremost necessary assets an organization has. As a result, it represents the corporate and helps keep it in consumers' minds.

Brand equity refers to the worth an organization gains from a product with a recognizable and loved name compared to a generic equivalent.

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when a global firm turns to its subsidiaries in less-developed markets for new product ideas, the firm is engaged in

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when a global firm turns to its subsidiaries in less-developed markets for new product ideas, the firm is engaged in reverse innovation.

A company that is owned or controlled by another company, known as the parent company or holding company, is referred to as a subsidiary, subsidiary company, or daughter company. A parent or holding company's subsidiary is a business that it owns or manages. Typically, the parent firm will hold a majority of the shares in the subsidiary company. The parent company now has the majority ownership of the subsidiary. Being the dominant shareholder is sometimes enough to gain control. In the business world, a subsidiary is a business that is a part of another business, also known as the parent company or holding company. With a controlling interest in a subsidiary business, the parent owns or manages more than 50% of the stock.

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what role did consumers play in slowing the economy down in the 1920s? consumers demanded fewer goods.

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Consumers demanded fewer goods is the role of consumers plays in slowing the economy down in the 1920s.

An economy encompasses all of the activities associated with the manufacturing, consumption, and trade of goods and services in an entity, whether or not the entity is a country or a small metropolis. No economies are equal. every is formed in keeping with its personal resources, lifestyle, legal guidelines, records, and geography.

An economy is an area of the manufacturing, distribution and trade, in addition to consumption of products and services. In fashionable, it's miles defined as a social area that emphasize the practices, discourses, and cloth expressions related to the production, use, and control of scarce resources'.

Economics play a role in all of the following main existence reviews: How the government plans rules. The nation of the housing market and actual estate investment possibilities. The capacity to make smart financial choices.

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complex and expensive technology is needed to develop products at feel-better pharmaceuticals based in austin, texas. for this reason, the company plans to have a plant built in portugal that is ready for full operation and will be used for products sold in europe. what type of entry mode is feel-better pharmaceuticals using?

Answers

Using medications to make you feel better is a turnkey project sort of entrance mode. At Austin, Texas-based feel-better medicines, developing drugs requires sophisticated and pricey equipment.

What does a brief definition of technology mean?

Technology, or as it is sometimes referred to, the modification and modification of the human environment, is the application of practical application of such new goals of human life.

What makes technology so crucial?

Information technology is crucial in our lives because it makes managing with the uncertain facets of life easier. Technology offers a variety of methods to promote development and information exchange. IT intends to implement both of these objectives in simplifying tasks and find solutions to lots of issues.

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shelby wants to cash in her winning lottery ticket. she can either receive semi-annual payments of $100,000 each starting today, for 4 years, or she can receive a single-amount payment today based on a 6% annual interest rate. what is the single-amount payment she can receive today that would be equivalent to the present value of the semi-annual payments?

Answers

The sum that would be paid to her today in order to equal the present value of the semi-annual payments 723,028.30

demonstrating Computations      

Time   Amount   PVF at 6/2%   PV

                                                                  -                 100,000.00                  1.0000         100,000.00

                                                              0.50               100,000.00                  0.9709            97,087.38

                                                              1.00               100,000.00                  0.9426            94,259.59

                                                              1.50               100,000.00                  0.9151            91,514.17

                                                              2.00               100,000.00                  0.8885            88,848.70

                                                              2.50               100,000.00                  0.8626            86,260.88

                                                              3.00               100,000.00                  0.8375            83,748.43

                                                              3.50               100,000.00                  0.8131            81,309.15

                                                                    723,028.30    

How is a single amount determined?

The amount invested or saved, multiplied by one plus the interest rate to the nth power, where n is the number of compounding periods over which the principal is kept or invested, determines the future value of a single sum of money.  

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we thought american business was the rock of gibraltar. we were the prosperous nation, and nothing could stop us now. a brownstone house was forever. you gave it to your kids and they put marble fronts on it. there was a feeling of continuity. if you made it, it was there forever. suddenly the big dream exploded. the impact was unbelievable.based on the excerpt and your historical knowledge, why did the stock market crash make americans lose confidence in business?

Answers

The stock market crash make Americans lose confidence in businesses like Harburg, many were shocked by the stock market collapse and the ensuing Depression.

Before the Great Depression, Americans had it all and prosperity was at its peak during that time as is stated in the question. But as the Great Depression arrived it was a huge surprise to everyone as it was least expected. Between the years 1929 and 1939, there was a worldwide economic depression that caused a major fall in stock prices. The world's greatest economy shrank by a third and during this time unemployment reached its peak and consumer prices fell by 25%

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Answer:

Americans realized that business was not immune to failure and could collapse.

Explanation:

the prisoners' dilemma is an important game to study because select one: a. most games present zero-sum alternatives. b. it identifies the fundamental difficulty in maintaining cooperative agreements. c. strategic decisions faced by prisoners are identical to those faced by firms engaged in competitive agreements. d. all interactions among firms are represented by this game. e. all of the above

Answers

Option B. The prisoners' dilemma is an important game to study because it identifies the fundamental difficulty in maintaining cooperative agreements.

What is the prisoners dilemma?

The prisoner's dilemma is a decision-analysis conundrum when two people acting in their own self-interests do not result in the best result.

In a normal prisoner's dilemma, both parties have the option of protecting themselves at the expense of the other person. As a result, neither person ends up in a better situation than they would have if they had worked together to reach a resolution. Undoubtedly one of the most well-known ideas in contemporary game theory is the prisoner's dilemma.

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maria is the treasurer of rex caldwell corporations. as treasurer, she makes out and signs the payroll checks for the company. maria draws a payroll check payable to the order of her maid carolyn doss, who does not work for the company. maria does not intend carolyn to receive this money. she indorses carolyn's name on the check and names herself as the indorsee. she cashes the check at a liquor store. under which rule of forged instruments is maria accountable?

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The fictitious payee rule of forged instruments makes Maria accountable in situations where she endorses Carolyn's name on the check and names herself as the endorsee and she cashes the check at a liquor store

The fictitious payee rule is a principle of commercial law in which one is not chartered or is not authorized. The drawer or maker according to the fictitious payee rule is responsible for indorsement which is fake and forged and unauthorized, if the person signing as or on behalf of a drawer or maker intends the named payee to have no interest in the instrument or when the person identified as the payee is a fabricated person. Hence the person who draws the check is not liable for a document that is false or unauthorized. Sometimes also known in different textbooks as the padded-payroll rule. The rule was introduced with the intent to place the loss on the drawer instead of the drawee as the drawer plays an important role in avoiding authority.

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with a negative externality, such as pollution, when producing good x, the most appropriate government policy will be

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With a negative externality, such as pollution, when producing good X, the most appropriate government policy will be place a per unit tax on the production and sale of good X.

When a third party incurs expenses as a result of the creation or consumption of a good, this is known as a negative externality. Negative externalities are frequently shown by instances of air and noise pollution.

Private markets will overproduce when negative externalities are present because the firm's production costs are inflated and its revenues are understated.

The traditional example of a negative externality is pollution, when the polluter makes decisions based solely on the direct cost of production and the potential for profit, disregarding the indirect costs to those afflicted by the pollution. Positive externalities reduce output since the customer does not receive the full advantages of the good.

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when the demand for electricity peaks during the hottest days of summer, florida power and light company can generate more electricity by using more fuel and increasing the working hours of many of its employees. the company cannot, however, increase electric power production by building additional generating capacity. this means that the company is in the

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The company is increasing working hours and the amount of fuel in order to increase the electricity rather than building additional generating capacity showing that the company is in the short run.

The short run is a time period when firms have one factor of production as fixed and cannot be varied. This time period is not defined, it depends on and varies company to company in accordance with the situation of the market. The short run does not give room for the conduction of the operation of the company in order to meet the rising demand. Wages, output, and price cannot be adjusted freely.

In the case of Florida power and light companies, land and rent are fixed while certain inputs like men (employees) and materials (raw materials) are variable which is increased in order to meet up the rising demand for electricity.

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what are the differences among initial creditability, derived creditability, and terminal creditability?

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Derived credibility is important for both public speaking and employment interviews, since your contacts or résumé may serve as your only source of initial credibility. The level of credibility someone has attained or lost after giving a speech is known as their terminal credibility.

Initial: is the speaker's credibility before they even begin to talk.
Derived: the speaker's credibility, which is established by everything they say and do throughout the speech.
Terminal: the speaker's credibility at the conclusion of the discourse.

Derived credibility is the evaluation of the speaker's reliability and trustworthiness by the audience as it changes from point to point in the speech. It matters how you approach the podium and begin by establishing credibility.

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if a firm finds the demand for one of its products is inelastic, it can increase its total revenues by

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Due to the direct relationship between price and revenue for inelastic items, raising the price of these goods will raise the company's revenue.

The total revenue rises as a result of the higher price and constant quantity required for an inelastic commodity when the price is raised and the demand does not change. Price increases do, however, often result in a modest decline in quantity sought.

A one percent change in price for an inelastic good causes a less than one percent change in the quantity demanded. Total revenue will increase when an inelastic good's price is raised, while total revenue will decrease when its price is lowered.

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