With the exception of two daughter cells having an extra chromosome containing the Q or q allele and the other two without this chromosome, all four of the daughter cells will have a complete set of chromosomes.
No disjunction is the name for the meiotic phenomenon of uneven separation. When a haploid gamete with a missing chromosome experiences no disjunction, the haploid gamete will produce a diploid zygote with only one copy of the missing chromosome from the other parent, a condition known as monosomy.
What about chromosomes?Chromosomes are organelles that are present in the nucleus of cells and carry lengthy lengths of DNA.The substance that houses genes is called DNA. It serves as the foundation for the human body. Additionally, proteins found in chromosomes aid in the appropriate structure of DNA. The term "autosomes" refers to the first 22 pairs of chromosomes. A person's gender at birth is determined by the sex chromosomes, which make up the 23rd pair of chromosomes.The highest level of DNA and protein organization is seen in chromosomes. Chromosomes primary job is to carry DNA and pass genetic material from one generation to the next. Cell division involves the critical function of chromosomes. They guard against tangles and damage to the DNA. Another type of aneuploidy is monosomy, which is the loss of one chromosome in cells. Greek is the language of number one, and monosomy refers to a condition in which cells contain only one copy of a certain chromosome rather than the usual two. Turner syndrome sometimes referred to as monosomy X, is a disorder brought on by monosomy. There are billions of cells in your body, but they are too small to observe without a powerful microscope. Chromosomes, which are strands that resemble threads and carry hundreds or even thousands of genes, are found inside the majority of those cells. Physical characteristics like the color of your eyes are determined by genes.Learn more about chromosomes here:
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1. At what auxin concentration
are the stems stimulated to grow the most?
Auxin in high concentrations increases stem development while inhibiting root growth.
Why do roots grow?Under ideal circumstances, root growth happens equally well from nursery stock that has been grown in containers, fields, or as bare roots. This enables the tree to continue growing vigorously and establish itself fast. The structure of the root system is another fac tree formation tor in.
Trimming roots encourages growth?Long used in nursery tree development as well as to manage fruit tree vigor and cropping. Despite the anecdotal evidence suggesting pruning can promote root growth and can be especially helpful in reversing the effects of root circling, gardeners are frequently hesitant to cut and clip roots.
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which is not a correct association? group of answer choices s stage-dna synthesis m stage-mitosis and cytokinesis interphase-shortest stage of the cell cycle g2 stage-metabolic preparation for mitosis
Anaphase is the stage where DNA is synthesized, m is the stage during which mitosis and cytokinesis occur, and g2 is the stage during which the metabolism is set up for mitosis.
Which mitotic phase lasts the shortest?The sister chromatids separate and the chromosomes start to move to the opposing ends of the cell during anaphase, the shortest stage of mitosis. By the end of anaphase, the cell's two halves have an equal number of chromosomes. Daughter nuclei arise in two during telophase.
What sequence are the four interphase stages in?G1 phase (cell growth) is followed by S phase (DNA synthesis), which is then followed by G2 phase during interphase (cell growth). Interphase is followed by the mitotic phase, which entails mitosis and cytokinesis and results in the formation of two daughter cells.
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How can too much fertilizer affect an ecosystem ? What are tel ways in which plants could acquire nitrogen
How can children from the same parents look so different?
The answer has to do with the fact that each parent actually has two different sets of genes. And that each parent passes only half of their genes to their child. And that the half that gets passed down is random. All of this together ensures that each child ends up with a different, unique set of genes
Explanation:
Hope this helps everyone even you :)
Answer: Each parent has two different sets of genes, which means that each parent only passes half of their genes to their child. The half that gets passed down is random so each child ends up with a different, unique set of genes. This can cause children from the same parents to look so different.
Explanation:
mucous membranes are a part of mucous membranes are a part of adaptive defense. cell-mediated immunity. the complement system. innate defense. humoral immunity.
Mucous membranes are a part of an innate defense that provides the first line of protection against ingested and inhaled infectious agents.
What is innate immunity?
It is a nonspecific type of defense mechanism which is present by birth. It protects us against all antigens and does not depend on prior contact with microorganisms.
It consists of different types of barriers:
Physical barriers: Skin and mucous membrane are the main physical barriers that help in preventing the entry of microorganisms and trapping it.Physiological barriers: HCL in the stomach, saliva in the mouth, tears from the eyes, etc.Cellular barriers: Polymorpho-nuclear leucocytes, monocytes, natural killer cells in the blood, and macrophages in the tissues. They phagocytose and destroy the microbes.Cytokine barriers: Cytokines are secreted by the immune cells that protect the non-infected cells from further infection.Adaptive defense is also called acquired immunity which is pathogen-specific. Humoral immunity produces antigen-specific antibodies and is primarily driven by B cells. Cell-mediated immunity does not depend on antibodies and is primarily driven by mature T cells.
Hence mucous membrane comes under the physical barrier of innate immunity which prevents the entry of microorganisms.
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notice that neither of the original parents is affected, but several children are affected. this could happen only if the trait were
The original parents aren't affected, but several children are affected. this could happen only if the trait were recessive.
At a specific genomic region, an allele is one of two or more variations of the DNA sequence (a single base or a segment of nucleotides). For each genomic region with such variation, an individual inherits two alleles, one from each parent. The person is homozygous for the allele if the two alleles are the same.
Recessive alleles is a particular allele that, when present alone, has no effect on the person. The expression of the trait requires the presence of two copies of the allele. And are mostly appears in offsprings.
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which stage of urine production involves the removal of substances from the bloodstream? question 18 options: a) reabsorption b) excretion c) filtration d) secretion
The elimination of chemicals from the circulation occurs during the stage of urine production known as filtering.
Which step in the creation of urine requires replenishing the bloodstream with water, nutrients, and electrolytes?The procedure in question is known as glomerular filtration. kidney tubules These small tubes reabsorb and release the necessary minerals, nutrients, and water for your body (including sodium and potassium).
Where does urination take place?As it travels through the nephrons and down the renal tubules of the kidney, urea, along with water and other waste products, creates the urine. both ureters. Urine passes through these small tubes from the kidneys to the bladder.
What three steps are involved in producing urine?The three steps of urine production are glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
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A long string of codons for amino acids, uninterrupted by a stop codon is called?.
Answer:
A long string of codons for amino acids, uninterrupted by a stop codon is called an open reading frame.
Explanation:
An open reading frame is a portion of a DNA molecule that, when translated into amino acids, contains no stop codons.
All energy used by cells originates in:All energy used by cells originates in:
A: plants
B: animals
C:the sun
peripheral membrane proteins: group of answer choices are generally noncovalently bound to membrane lipids. can be released from membranes only by treatment with detergent(s). may have functional units on both sides of the membrane. are usually denatured when released from membranes. penetrate deeply into the lipid bilayer.
The response options in this group are typically noncovalently linked to the membrane lipids that compose peripheral membrane proteins.
What is Peripheral membrane proteins ?Extrinsic membrane proteins, also known as peripheral membrane proteins, are membrane proteins that are connected with biological membranes but only briefly bind to those membranes. These proteins either bind to integral membrane proteins or pierce the lipid bilayer in the periphery.
Directing and maintaining the internal cytoskeleton and elements of the extracellular matrix are two of the primary functions of peripheral proteins. Organelles, filaments, and tubules work together to create both of these structures.
Proteins that only associate with the membrane through electrostatic or hydrophobic interactions (Caldalkalibacillus thermarum type-II NADH dehydrogenase as an example) and proteins that anchor themselves in the lipid bilayer using a hydrophobic segment are two subtypes of peripheral membrane proteins.
What is lipid bilayer ? A thin polar membrane comprised of two layers of lipid molecules is known as a lipid bilayer. These membranes are flat sheets that surround every cell in a continuous barrier.The lipid bilayer serves as a barrier, retaining ions, proteins, and other molecules where they are required while preventing their diffusion into unintended locations.The creation of membrane microdomains that are helpful for biological processes depends on how a lipid bilayer moves between its two primary phases, the liquid crystalline phase (L) and the gel phase (L), during a transition.To know more about Peripheral membrane proteins please click here ;
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which condition would most likely lead to an increase in the frequency of an altruistic behavior in a population? a. groups that differ in terms of altruistic and selfish genotypes have differential reproduction or survival. b. the altruistic behavior benefits the population. c. the rate of extinction of the selfish genotype is high. d. there is a gene flow among populations. e. the beneficiaries of the behavior are related to the individual performing it.
Answer:
E
Explanation:
a man is a carrier for sickle cell anemia. he mates with a woman who is also a carrier for sickle cell anemia. what is the probability that the couple will have a child who is homozygous for the sickle cell anemia allele and thereby affected by the disease?
When a man who is a carrier for sickle cell anemia mates with a woman who is also a carrier for sickle cell anemia then the probability that the couple will have a child who is homozygous for the sickle cell anemia allele and thereby affected by the disease is 25%.
What is sickle cell anemia?Sickle cells that block the flow of blood to organs deprive the affected organs of both blood and oxygen. In sickle cell anemia, blood is chronically low in oxygen and this lack of oxygen-rich blood damage nerves and organs including kidneys, liver and spleen, and can be fatal.
There is a 25% chance that a child, regardless of sex, will have the disease if man and woman both are carriers of disease. Since, sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive trait, therefore female and male offspring are affected equally.
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one traditional explanation for why hominins develop bipedalism is that is helped them to see prey and avoid predators in the high savanna grass. what is one major problem with this idea?
One major problem with the idea of bipedalism is that it has made climbing significantly more difficult.
The first is that it makes climbing much more challenging. In an arboreal environment, hominids are less secure without the capacity to grab with their feet. Therefore, a behavioural shift toward carrying dependent kids until they could walk must have been one of the adaptations to bipedalism.
The savannah theory, sometimes known as the savanna hypothesis, postulates that the evolution of human bipedalism was caused by our ancestors' shift from an arboreal to a savanna lifestyle. The theory holds that hominins fled the woodlands that had been their natural habitat millions of years ago and adapted to their new environment by walking upright.
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Question 4 of 25 These images show models of a sugar molecule made during photosynthesis and an amino acid molecule. How could the models be used to support the idea that the amino acid molecule contains carbon atoms from sugar molecules made by photosynthesis? © A. Both molecules contain a chain of carbon atoms. © B. The molecules have similar shapes. O C. The molecules contain all the same types of atoms. © D. Both molecules contain stored chemical energy.
The models can support the idea that the amino acid molecule contains carbon atoms from sugar molecules made by photosynthesis because both molecules contain a chain of carbon atoms. So the correct option is A. Both molecules contain a chain of carbon atoms.
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is a process in which inorganic matter is converted into organic matter by the energy provided by sunlight. Glucose molecules are then created from carbon dioxide and oxygen is released. This process occurs in photoautotrophic beings, that is, they produce their own food and do not need to obtain it from external sources but can be transformed from light.
The amino acids in plants are going to be formed by amination and transamination processes, it requires certain bases to be able to form as pre-existing amino acids or the components that it will need for its formation, provided by molecules within the cells
Therefore, we can confirm that the correct option is A. Both molecules contain a chain of carbon atoms.
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(Decreases, increases)
(Under the surface, in the atmosphere)
(Decreases, increases)
(Under the surface, in the atmosphere)
When humans burn the fossil then it increases the amount of carbon that is stored under the surface and increases the amount of carbon flowing in the atmosphere, This is totally like burning of fuels and combustion.
What is combustion ?It is defined as the process which involves the burning of carbon sources and it is of two types that is complete and incomplete.
When the fossil fuels such as petroleum, natural gases and fuel with the coal as well is burned out in atmosphere then in this condition it obviously increases the amount of carbon out in nature and decreases the carbon availability down the Earth.
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In are the risks of derivatives manageable?, thomas a. Bass posits that market failures were due in part to mismanagement of derivative investments. What does he recommend?.
In "Are the risks of derivatives manageable", Thomas a. Bass posits that market failures were due in part to mismanagement of derivative investments and in which he recommends widespread regulation of derivatives or a complete ban. Hence, option A.
A securities is considered a derivative if its price is based on, or derived from, one or more underlying assets (such as interest rate, stocks, commodity, etc.). It is a contract between (at least) two parties based on the asset(s), and its value is determined by changes in the underlying asset.
Although derivatives are useful for hedging risks, they also create hazards that must be handled like any financial products. Thomas A. Bass contends that improper management of derivatives investments is the root of market failure and urges that derivatives be strictly controlled or outlawed.
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Question correction:
In are the risks of derivatives manageable?, thomas a. Bass posits that market failures were due in part to mismanagement of derivative investments. What does he recommend?
A. Bass recommends widespread regulation of derivatives or a complete ban.
B. Bass recommends further use of derivatives as a source of investment for banks and hedge funds.
C. Bass recommends a safety net for banks who fail due to their use of derivatives, citing the ethical nature of the investment.
D. Bass recommends implementing aggressive strategies to maximize returns in managing investments of wealthy private investors.
3 raised to the 3 powerh can be used to radioactively label molecules that contain h atoms. why would 3 raised to the 3 powerh be a poor choice to use in the hershey and chase experiment?
³H can be used to radioactively label molecules that contain H atoms. The reason ³Hbe a poor choice to use in the Hershey and Chase experiment is because:
Hershey and Chase aimed to demonstrate the existence of DNA as genetic material. They picked the ³²P Phosphorus radiolabel isotope for DNA and the ³⁵S Sulfer radiolabel isotope for Protein. The radiolabel isotopes ³²P Phosphorus and ³⁵S Sulfer are only found in DNA and Protein, respectively.
If they utilize the ³H hydrogen isotope, they cannot verify that the DNA is genetic material because the ³H isotope is found in both protein and DNA. That is why ³H is a bad decision.
What is the Hershey and Chase experiment?The Hershey-Chase studies, undertaken in 1952 by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase, helped to prove that DNA represents genetic material.
The Hershey and Chase studies were significant because they established conclusively that DNA was the genetic substance contained in genes.
This cleared the door for further studies in cell biology and genetics, such as whole genome projects and the identification of genes associated with certain traits/conditions.
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WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST 20 POINTS!!!!!!!!! Explain why a city is a good analogy for a cell. Make sure your response is at least 10 sentences long.
A city is a good analogy for a cell because it includes all components to function in a system. Organelles may be analogous to people since they play specific roles.
Why a city is a good analogy for a cell?A city is a good analogy for a cell because both systems need to maintain homeostasis. This state of internal equilibrium is achieved by the normal function of all components. In a cell, the component includes organelles, while a city is composed of people.
The cell is an open system in the same way that a city. All the cities are interconnected through globalization in a similar manner to the cell in a body to form tissues and organs.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that cells and cities are analogous because both need all their components to function in a proper manner.
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challenge: using a total of only five organs (large or small), design a digestive system that can absorb the maximum number of calories from the apple. describe your system.
Digestion is the breakdown of food molecules
Digestion of an apple :
The following organs are involved in apple digestion:
Mouth: Using teeth, the apple was sliced into smaller pieces. The starch in the apple is broken down by saliva in the mouth.
Stomach: Hydrochloric acid and other gastric fluids are among the digestive juices found in the stomach. The apple is blended with these liquids.
Duodenum: Starch molecules are broken down in the duodenum.
Ileum: A little finger-like structure found in the villi of the organ, which absorbs sugar molecules as well as vitamins and minerals found in apples.
Colon: After passing through the colon, undigested waste is sent to the rectum, another organ.
Rectum: Through the rectum, the body expelled its indigestible
These are the organs which can absorb the maximum number of Calories from the apple.
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the dermis is composed largely of multiple choice question. a) stratified columnar epithelium. b) dense regular connective tissue. c) stratified squamous epithelium. d) dense irregular connective tissue.
The dermis is composed largely of multiple choice question - stratified squamous epithelium.
There are three basic layers to the skin. The outer, avascular layer known as the epidermis is primarily made up of keratinocytes and keratinocyte remnants. The intermediate layer known as the dermis is home to the skin's blood vessels, nerves, and other supporting systems. Of the three layers, the hypodermis is the deepest.
What is Stratified columnar epithelium ?Column-shaped cells are organized in numerous layers to form the uncommon epithelial tissue known as stratified columnar epithelium. It is located in the male urethra, anus, pharynx, and conjunctiva.
ciliated columnar epithelium that is stratified. The lining of the foetal oesophagus is an example of an epithelium with many layers, the deeper cells of which are polyhedral in shape, and the surface cells of which are columnar with motile cilia.
What is Dense regular connective tissue ?Type I collagen fibers are the major component of dense regular connective tissue. It can be found in the body's ligaments, tendons, and aponeuroses, which all need a lot of tensile strength. The collagen fibers are aligned parallel to one another and closely spaced together.
What is stratified squamous epithelium ?Stratified squamous epithelium: This kind of epithelium typically serves as a barrier against water loss and/or the invasion of germs into the underlying tissue. Your skin's epidermis, or top layer, is made up of stratified squamous epithelial cells.
What is dense irregular connective tissue ?A form of dense connective tissue called dense irregular connective tissue lacks parallel bundles of extracellular fibers, particularly collagen fibers (as opposed to the dense regular connective tissue whose collagen fibers are arranged in a parallel fashion).
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a hypothetical population of 10,000 humans has 6840 individuals with the blood type aa, 2860 individuals with blood type ab and 300 individuals with the blood type bb. what is the frequency of the bb genotype in this population? express as a decimal with a 0 in the ones place.
The frequency of the bb genotype in the population of 10.000 individuals will be 0.03.
Frequency is the number of times the target genotype repeats divided by the total genotypes in a population. Thus the genotype bb repeats 300 times in the population, Therefore the frequency will be 300 / 10.000 = 0.03.
Genotype is the genetic composition of an organism. It is the representation of any trait of an individual. Genotype can be homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous is the type where both the alleles are of same type and heterozygous is the type where both the alleles have contrasting effects.
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evolutionary theory is used in the real world for: group of answer choices guiding the thinking of computer scientists, but not for anything else. making professors feel good, but nothing else. fighting antibiotic resistance in diseases, but not for anything else. absolutely nothing. fighting diseases, and in other practical ways including guiding some techniques in computer science.
In the real world, evolution theory is employed for: A) Nothing at all. B) Trying to combat antibiotic resistance in illnesses but not elsewhere.
What are some examples of evidence for evolution?This section discusses five different sorts of evidence for evolution, including ancient organism remains, fossil layers, similarities between current-day animals, DNA similarities, and embryonic similarity.
What are the practical implications of comprehending evolution theories?The genes necessary to build different body parts can be found by understanding the changes that have taken place during organism evolution. These genes may also play a role in some genetic illnesses in humans.
What is the theory of evolution?Depending on the circumstances, different biological and behavioural approaches are Along with the organism's features like age, sex, health, or size, the environmental setting is also important.
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which one of the following nucleotide bases is not found in rna? a)adenine b)thymine c) guanine d) cytosine
The following are the chemical elements of thymine. In RNA, nucleotide bases are absent.
The ideal response is B.
In what type of nucleotide does RNA exist?A molecule made composed of a nitrogen-containing base (such as adenine, guanine, thymine, or cytosine in DNA or adenine, guanine, uracil, or cytosine in RNA), a phosphate group, and a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA; ribose in RNA).
How many RNA bases are there?The nitrogenous bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil make up RNA. Similar to thymine, another pyrimidine found in DNA, uracil is a pyrimidine that has a similar structural makeup. Uracil can base-pair with adenine similarly to how thymine can.
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Microorganisms play a vital role in the nitrogen cycle “justify the statement.
Answer:
Without nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrogen would not be replenished.
Explanation:
The nitrogen cycle is critical because all living things need nitrogen. Atmospheric nitrogen cannot be used by most organisms and must be converted into a usable form. This is why we need microorganisms (nitrogen-fixing bacteria) to do this task. Atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is converted into usable ammonia (NH3) and to nitrates and nitrites (NO3 & NO2). Other bacteria convert these back to N2. These are all important to keep nitrogen cycling.
It is becoming clear that denitrifying fungi, nitrifying archaea, anammox bacteria, aerobic denitrifying bacteria, and heterotrophic nitrifying microorganisms are key players in the nitrogen cycle.
In the nitrogen fixation process, nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert the N2
in the atmosphere into NH3 (ammonia). This bacteria binds hydrogen molecules with the gaseous nitrogen to form ammonia in the soil.
During assimilation, or when plants take up nitrates from the soil, bacteria aid in the process with the plants making ammonia. Animal waste is also a major place where bacteria thrive and produce ammonia. The process in which assimilation occurs in plants, and then bacteria convert the nitrates to ammonia is called ammonification.
From the conversion of ammonia to nitrites, bacteria also aid in this process called nitrification. The nitrifying bacteria mostly present in soils, oxidize ammonia into nitrites, and from nitrites to nitrates.
Finally, the process of denitrification also has bacteria present to aid in converting nitrates back into a gaseous form of nitrogen in the atmosphere.
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100 POINTS FOR THIS QUESTION PLS HELP
Which of these is one role of plants in the carbon cycle?
A. Plants take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide
B. Plants use carbon dioxide to make nitrates
C. Plants take in carbon dioxide released by other animals
D. Plants take in carbon dioxide and pass it on directly to animals
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The photosynthesis set up means plants take in carbon dioxide released by other animals
which is more medial, the cisterna chyli or the spleen?? bboldiitalicsuunderlinebulleted listnumbered listsuperscriptsubscript
The spleen is more medial to the spinal cord than the cisterna chyli. The spleen is part of the lymphatic system
The spleen is the largest organ in lymphatic system, which is an extensive drainage network. The work of the lymphatic system is to balance and level the body fluids and to safe guard the body against contaminations. It consist of a network of lymphatic vessels that take the lymph — a clear, watery fluid that contains minerals such as proteins — throughout the body.
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If an enzyme is added to a solution where its substrate and product are in equilibrium, what will occur?.
Adding an enzyme to a solution in which its product and substrate are in equilibrium The system's free energy will alter.
Where can you find enzymes?Digressionary enzymes are produced by your pancreas, small intestine, and stomach. The "powerhouse" of digestion's enzymes is actually the pancreas. The most crucial digestive enzymes, which break down proteins, lipids, and carbs, are produced by it.
How countless enzymes are there in a human body?In our bodies, every chemical action and reaction requires a certain amount of energy, which is carried by enzymes, which are protein molecules. The human cell has about 1300 different types of enzymes. Digestive enzymes from natural sources They can help your digestion if you eat them. Honey, particularly raw honey, contains amylase and protease.
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Explain the relationship among homeostasis, defective mitochondria, and the symptoms caused by LHON.
Answer:
There is an important relationship among homeostasis, defective mitochondria, and the symptoms caused by LHON.
Explanation:
There is a great relationship among homeostasis, defective mitochondria and the symptoms caused by LHON because defective mitochondria disturbs the homeostasis in the body. If mitochondria works properly, homeostasis will be maintained whereas if there is any defect occurs in the mitochondria then the whole homeostasis will be adversely affected because mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell responsible for the production of energy for the cell. Symptoms occurs due to Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) also effected the state of equilibrium in the body.
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the sequencing of entire genomes has made it possible to examine the level of gene expression in a particular cell or tissue by using oligonucleotide probes to assess the mrna expression level from a particular gene. this is done most effectively through the use of
Microarray is the technique for sequencing of entire genomes and examining the level of gene expression in a particular cell or tissue by using oligonucleotide probes.
A microarray is a laboratory technique used to simultaneously measure the expression of thousands of genes. A known DNA sequence or gene is contained in each of the thousands of tiny spots that are printed on microscope slides in specific locations. These slides are called DNA microarrays. These slides are frequently referred to as DNA or gene chips. To detect gene expression, also referred to as the transcriptome or the collection of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts expressed by a group of genes, the DNA molecules attached to each slide serve as probes.
mRNA molecules are typically taken from an experimental sample and a reference sample to perform a microarray analysis.
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organisms live on or in the ocean bottom. group of answer choices none of these scavenging benthos nektonic planktonic previousnext
Organisms live on or in the ocean bottom group of benthos.
The time period benthos refers to something related to or happening at the lowest of a frame of water. Plants and animals that live on or in soil are called benthos.
Benthos, a group of organisms that live on the seafloor. Benthic animals live on the sea floor or bottom objects. So-called infauna live in sediments on the sea floor.
Mussels, earthworms, oysters, crustaceans like shrimp, and mussels are all examples of benthic organisms.
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