A certain radioactive isotope has a half life of one hour. I you start with 1.0 g of the material at 1:00 P. M. 0.5 grams will be present at 2:00 P.M. on the same day.
What is half Life ?Half life is the amount of time required to reduce to one half of its initial value. The symbol of half life is [tex]t_{1/2}[/tex].
How to calculate the quantity remaining when half life given ?It is expressed as:
[tex]N_{t} = N_{0} (\frac{1}{2})^{n}[/tex]
where,
N(t) = quantity remaining
N₀ = initial quantity
n = half life that have passed
Now put the values in above expression we get
[tex]N_{t} = 1.0\ g \times (\frac{1}{2})^{1}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{1}{2} g[/tex]
= 0.5 gram
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that A certain radioactive isotope has a half life of one hour. I you start with 1.0 g of the material at 1:00 P. M. 0.5 grams will be present at 2:00 P.M. on the same day.
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1. Name each of the following binary compounds or ionic compounds with polyatomic ions.
a) LiBr
b)Cal2
The pictures represent three different states of matter.
Which order of pictures places molecules with the
most amount of motion to the least amount of motion?
OX-Y-Z
OZ Y-X
OY-Z-X
OY X-Z
Answer:
OX-Y-Z
Explanation:
its the correct answer
The correct order from the most amount of motion( Kinetic energy) to the least amount of motion is Y (gas), Z (liquid), and X (ice). The correct answer is C, Y-Z-X.
In the given sequence, the states of matter with the most amount of motion (kinetic energy) to the least amount of motion are as follows:
Y - Gas (highest kinetic energy, molecules move freely and quickly in all directions)
Z - Liquid (intermediate kinetic energy, molecules have some freedom of movement but are more closely packed than in a gas)
X - Ice (lowest kinetic energy, molecules are tightly packed and have minimal movement, as it is in a solid state)
This sequence reflects the increasing freedom of movement and mobility of molecules as they transition from a solid to a liquid to a gas state.
Thus, the correct option is C.
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7. A movable piston is allowed to cool from 392°F to 104°F. If the initial volume is 105 mL,
what will be the new volume?
Answer:
27.9 mL
Explanation:
To find the new volume, you need to use the Charles' Law equation:
V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂
In this equation, "V₁" and "T₁" represent the initial volume and temperature. "V₂" and "T₂" represent the final volume and temperature.
V₁ = 105 mL V₂ = ? mL
T₁ = 392 °F T₂ = 104 °F
V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂ <----- Charles' Law
105 mL / 392 °F = V₂ / 104 °F <----- Insert values
0.26785 = V₂ / 104 °F <----- Simplify left side
27.9 = V₂ <----- Multiply both sides by 104
Alkenes are an example of unsaturated hydrocarbon that are more reactive than saturated hydrocarbons because it contains double bonds which can break and compounds can react with hydrogen.
Yes. Unsaturated hydrocarbon are more reactive than saturated hydrocarbons because it contains double bonds which can break and compounds can react with hydrogen.
Due to the double and triple bonds between carbon atoms in unsaturated hydrocarbons, which are weaker than the single bonds in saturated hydrocarbons due to the presence of weaker pi bonds, these unsaturated hydrocarbons are more reactive than single bonded carbon compounds and react more quickly when used in reactions.
For example, unsaturated hydrocarbons are used to make paint, lubricants, and insecticides, among other industrial products. They are utilised in numerous chemical reactions because they are reactive.
Therefore, Unsaturated hydrocarbon are more reactive than saturated hydrocarbons.
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What is the energy of a photon emitted with a wavelength of 448 nm?
According to the Planck-Einstein relation, the energy of a photon emitted with a wavelength of 448 nm is 4.44 × 10⁻¹⁹ J.
What is a photon?A photon is a particle representing a quantum of light or other electromagnetic radiation. A photon carries energy proportional to the radiation frequency but has zero rest mass.
Step 1. Calculate the frequency of the photon.A photon is emitted with a wavelength (λ) of 448 nm. Given the speed of light (c) is 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, we can calculate the frequency (ν) of the photon using the following expression.
ν = c/λ
ν = (3.00 × 10⁸ m/s ) / (4.48 × 10⁻⁷ m) = 6.70 × 10¹⁴ s⁻¹
Step 2. Calculate the energy (E) of the photon.We will use the Planck-Einstein relation, being Planck's constant h = 6.63 × 10⁻³⁴ J.s.
E = h × ν
E = (6.63 × 10⁻³⁴ J.s) × (6.70 × 10¹⁴ s⁻¹) = 4.44 × 10⁻¹⁹ J
According to the Planck-Einstein relation, the energy of a photon emitted with a wavelength of 448 nm is 4.44 × 10⁻¹⁹ J.
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If 100 pounds of chlorine gas is required for an operation, how many pounds of calcium hypochlorite (65%) would be needed for the same operation
The amount, in pounds of chlorine that will be needed, will be 201.37 pounds
Percent compositionCalcium hypochlorite goes by the chemical formula, [tex]Ca(ClO)_2[/tex].
In order to know the amount of calcium hypochlorite that will be needed for the operation, we first need to know the percent composition of chlorine in calcium hypochlorite.
Molar mass of calcium hypochlorite = 142.98 g/mol
There are 2 molecules of Cl in calcium hypochlorite. The molar mass will be 35.5 x 2 = 71 g/mol
Percent chlorine in calcium hypochlorite = 71/142.98 x 100 = 49.66%
So, what amount of calcium hypochlorite will give us 100 pounds of chlorine knowing that chlorine is 49.66% of calcium hypochlorite?
49.66% of X = 100 pounds
X = 100 x 100/49.66 = 201.37 pounds
Thus, 201.37 pounds of calcium hypochlorite will give us approximately 100 pounds of chlorine.
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what causes a wavy pattern of dark and light bands on the bottom of a pond? A P E X learning
A wavy pattern of dark and light bands on the bottom of a pond is caused by refraction of light waves through a rough surface; option D.
What is destructive interference?Destructive interference occur when two waves come in contact with each other and cancel each other out.
Reflection and refraction of light waves can result in destructive interference. An example of destructive interference due to refraction of light is a wavy pattern of dark and light bands on the bottom of a pond.
In conclusion, destructive interference occurs when waves cancel each other out.
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The answer to the question is D.
Principal energy levels describe regions of space where _____ may be found. they have values from n = 1, 2, 3 and so on. the greater the value of n, the _____ the average distance from the nucleus.
Principal energy levels describe regions of space where electrons may be found.
the greater the average distance from the nucleus.
The principal energy level of an electron is the shell or orbit in which the electron resides with respect to the nucleus. This level is represented by the principal quantum number n.
The principal quantum number n represents the total relative energy of each orbit. The energy level of each orbit increases as the distance from the nucleus increases. A set of orbitals with the same n value is often called the electron shell.
Only seven energy levels are required to contain all the electrons in any atom of any currently known element. As mentioned earlier, the energy associated with the energy level increases as the distance from the nucleus increases.
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What is the reason why the fermentation products acetate and hydrogen gas (H2) are never abundant in aerobic soils and sediments
Acetate and hydrogen gas (H2) is never abundant in aerobic soils and sediments because they are tiny, highly reduced molecules that many bacteria that breathe oxygen and nitrates quickly absorb to use as fuel for energy generation.
Why are acetate and hydrogen gas not abundant in aerobic soils and sediments?Hydrogen is a substrate for methanogenic archaea and, along with acetate, one of the most significant intermediates in the methanogenic breakdown of organic materials. Numerous methanogenic environments exhibit contributions of H₂ to CH₄ production that are both significantly lower and significantly higher than is considered usual. H₂ is rapidly converted in methanogenic settings due to the simultaneous generation by fermenting and syntrophic bacteria and consumption by methanogenic archaea.
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3H2 + blank, reaction arrow, 2NH3
How to complete this equation so that it is a Synthesis reaction
The reaction is completed by the equation below: [tex]3H_2 + N_2 --- > 2NH_3[/tex]
What are synthesis reactions?They are chemical reactions in which two or more molecules react to produce a single product.
In this case, the synthesis reaction is that of ammonia. Molecules of hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas combine to produce ammonia.
The equation of the reaction is as follows: [tex]3H_2 + N_2 --- > 2NH_3[/tex]
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attractive forces between molecules in a solid are stronger
than bonds between atoms in a molecule
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Attractive forces between molecules in a solid are weaker than bonds between atoms in a molecule.
It takes much more energy to break intramolecular bonds (bonds within molecules) than it does to break intermolecular bonds (bonds between molecules). As a result, it is more difficult to break apart one molecule of a solid than it is to break the solid or separate the molecules from one another.
1. You have learned that alkyl iodides may be prepared by SN2 replacement of other leaving groups, or by treatment of alcohols or ethers with co centrated hydriodic acid (HI). A milder method for preparation of alkyl iodides from alcohols is shown below:
Imidazole's cyclic structure is aromatic and the lone pair present at the N₁ atom available for donation. hence, according to question N₁ is the most basic atom in the structure.
What is resonating structure?Two π bonds (between C₂-C₃ and N₁-C₅), as well as one lone pair on N₄, can interact with one another to generate a delocalized π system in the cyclic structure.This delocalization is intriguing since it has the same number of delocalized electrons as benzene—six.As a result, imidazole, like benzene, has a closed, delocalized ring with six π electrons. So, like benzene, it is regarded as an aromatic chemical with resonance stability.N₄ is neutral since it cannot be donated because it needs to use its lone pair to be aromatic.On the other hand, N₁ already forms a π connection, which helps the system become delocalized.N₁ is sp² hybridized and has a trigonal planar basic form. Its lone pair cannot communicate with the delocalized π system since it is pointed away from the cyclic structure.Know more about Resonating structure
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How many grams of aluminum can be recovered from a 34.5 g sample of al2o3?
18.26 g of Al can be recovered.
Calculation:
The equation that follows is:
2Al₂O₃ → 2Al + 3O₂
The atomic mass of Al = 27 g
The molecular mass of Al₂O₃ = 102 g
From the stoichiometric equation, 102g of Al₂O₃ yields 54 g of Al
Therefore,
34.5 g of Al₂O₃ will give = [tex]\frac{54 (34.5)}{102}[/tex]
= 18.26 g
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Determine the number of moles in 50.0 grams of sodium. (the mass of one mole of sodium is 22.99 g.)
Answer:
2.17 moles
Explanation:
50 gm / 22.99 g / mole = 2.17 moles
Answer:
2.17
Explanation:
A short chain of monomer liquid not long enough to be considered a polymer is called a(n)?
a. methacrylate
b. acrylate
c. urethane
d. oligomer
Answer:
d. oligomer it is the correct answer also if you would just search that up it pops up
Monosaccharides are the smallest building blocks of sugars and have similar chemical compositions. Considering that simple sugars are a component of carbohydrates, what is the general chemical composition of monosaccharides
Answer:
See below
Explanation:
Monosaccharides:They are the simplest sugars.They can not be hydrolyzed.They are sweet in taste.They are soluble in water.They have the general formula of [tex]C_n(H_2O)_n[/tex]Chemical composition:They are composed of:CarbonHydrogenOxygen[tex]\rule[225]{225}{2}[/tex]
Suppose a aqueous solution of phosphoric acid () is prepared. Calculate the equilibrium molarity of . You'll find information on the properties of phosphoric acid in the ALEKS Data resource.
The equilibrium molarity HPO²₄- = 6.2 x 10⁻⁸M See the explanation below.
What is Equilibrium Molarity?The molar concentration of a certain species in a solution is known as equilibrium molarity.
What is the calculation showing the above answer?
The initial concentration H₃PO₄ = 0.31 M
Kₐ₁ = 6.92 x 10⁻³ (See Image 1 attached)
Kₐ₁ = [H⁺][tex]_{eq}[/tex][H₂PO₄-][tex]_{eq}[/tex] / [H₃PO₄][tex]_{eq}[/tex]
6.92⁻³ x 10 = [(x) * (x)] / (0.31 M - x)
Solving for x, x = 0.043 M
[H+] = x = 0.043 M
[H₂PO₄-] = x = 0.043 M 0.0429805
Kₐ₂ = 6.2 x 10⁻⁸
See the second attached table
Kₐ₂ = [H+][tex]_{eq}[/tex] [HPO₄²-]eq / [H₂PO₄-]eq
6.2 x 10⁻⁸ = [(0.043 M + x) * (x)] / (0.043 M - x)
Solving for x, x = 6.2 x 10⁻⁸ M
[H₂PO₄-]eq = x = 6.2 x 10⁻⁸ M
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What would be the molecular formula of rose oxide which contains C, H, and O and has two degrees of unsaturation and a molecular ion in its mass spectrum at m/z
The molecular formula of rose oxide:
The formula of rose oxide will be [tex]C_{10}H_{18}O[/tex].
What is the molecular formula?
An expression known as the molecular formula describes how many atoms of each element are present in a single compound's molecule. It shows the exact number of atoms in every molecule.
Use the rule of thirteen to obtain the molecular formula for a chemical whose molecular mass is known. Follow these procedures to obtain the molecular formula:
To get the fundamental formula, multiply the molar mass by 13. (sum of the masses of one carbon atom and one hydrogen atom)
Molecular mass/ 13 = n + r/13
where, n = numerator and r = remainder
Base formula is [tex]C_{n}H_{n+r}[/tex]
Calculation:
Remove the mass of the carbon and hydrogen compound that belongs to the same group as the additional atoms if the molecular formula contains atoms in addition to carbon and hydrogen.
Molecular mass /13 = 154/13
= 11 x 13 = 143
Thus, 11 non-H atoms are 11C.
Thus, the formula is [tex]C_{11}H_{11+11} = C_{11}H_{22}[/tex]
If oxygen, is present then the mass is 16 and remove [tex]CH_{4}[/tex].
[tex]C_{11}H_{22} - CH_{4} + O = C_{10}H_{18}O[/tex]
Thus, the formula of the compound will be [tex]C_{10}H_{18}O[/tex]
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Lead(II) oxide from an ore can be reduced to elemental lead by heating in a furnace with carbon. Calculate the expected yield of lead if 50.0 kg of lead oxide is heated with 50.0 kg of carbon.
Find the expected yield of lead:
The expected yield of lead if 50.0 kg of lead oxide is heated with 50.0 kg of carbon is 46 kg
Calculation:
First and foremost, we must correctly write the equation of reaction in order to answer this issue. This is what it is:
PbO(s) + C(s) → Pb(l) + CO (g)
We continue from here. The limiting reactant should be found, however finding out how many moles of each reactant are present is the only way to do so.
The number of moles is calculated using the formula: the mass of each reactant divided by the molar mass of each reactant.
Mass of PbO is 50kg = 50000g
Molar mass of PBO = 223.20g/mol
The number of moles is thus 50000/223.2 = 224 moles
For carbon, mass is also 50kg = 50000g
Molar mass is 12g/mol
Number of moles of carbon = 50000/12 = 4166.6 moles
We can observe from the number of moles that there are more moles of carbon than PbO. This indicates that the limiting reagent is PbO.
So, in order to determine percentage yield, we employ it.
Since we have a mole ratio of 1 to 1, the number of moles of lead created is equal to the number of moles of lead oxide, which is 224.
The molar mass of lead = 207.20 g/mol
The mass of lead formed = moles of lead x molar mass of lead
The mass of lead formed = 207.20 x 224 = 46,412.8 g = 46 kg
Hence, the expected yield is 46 kg.
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hich of the following is an oxidation-reduction reaction?
ZnS(s) + 2O2(g) Right arrow. ZnSO4(s)
CaO(s) + H2O(l) Right arrow. Ca(OH)2(s)
6Li2O(s) + P4O10(g) Right arrow. 4Li3PO4(s)
SO2(g) + H2O(l) Right arrow. H2SO3(aq)
The oxidation-reduction reaction from the reactions above is
ZnS(s) + 2O2(g) ------ ZnSO4(s)
What is redox reactions?Oxidation-reduction or redox reaction is the type of chemical reaction in which oxidation states of substrate changes
So therefore, the oxidation-reduction reaction from the reactions above is
ZnS(s) + 2O2(g) ------ ZnSO4(s)
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PLEASE HELP THANKSS-
How does a heterogeneous mixture differ from a homogeneous mixture? How are they similar?
A homogenous mixture has uniformly dispersed components while a heterogeneous mixture does not.
Homogenous vs heterogeneous mixturesFirst of all, both homogenous and heterogenous mixtures consist of 2 or more non-reacting chemical components.
In homogenous mixtures, the chemical components are uniformly dispersed throughout the entire mixture.
In heterogeneous mixtures, the reverse is the case. The components are not uniformly dispersed. They are skewed to a particular side.
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According to boyle's law, the pressure of a gas increases as the volume decreases because:
Answer:
according to the law,the pressure would increase if volume has been decreased.
Explanation:
the reason is that,pressure and volume are inversely proportional,if volume has been decreased that means the pressure would increase because decreased volume would create a sort of compacted situation for particles either of a liquid or gas,decreasing volume would bring these particle together, closer to each other because of decreased and since the volume has decreased they dont have enough space,they would end up getting closer to each other most likely to collide, which drastically increase pressure .
A student determines the mass of a 100 mL beaker filled with 50 mL of water to be 154.34 grams. After a tablet reacts with the water, the mass including the dissolved tablet is 157.26 grams. How much tablet was left in the beaker after the reaction
A student determines the mass of a 100 mL beaker filled with 50 mL of water to be 154.34 grams. After a tablet reacts with the water, the mass including the dissolved tablet is 157.26 grams. 438 grams tablet was left in the beaker after the reaction.
What is Stoichiometry ?Stoichiometry helps us use the balanced chemical equation to measure quantitative relationships and it is to calculate the amounts of products and reactants that are given in a reaction.
What is Balanced Chemical Equation ?The balanced chemical equation is the equation in which the number of atoms on the reactant side is equal to the number of atoms on the product side in an equation.
Now we have to write the balanced chemical equation
NaHCO₃ + H₂O → NaOH + H₂CO₃
Mass = 157.26 - 154.32
= 2.92
Volume = 100 + 50 ml
= 150 ml
Mass of tablet = 2.92 × 150
= 438 grams
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that A student determines the mass of a 100 mL beaker filled with 50 mL of water to be 154.34 grams. After a tablet reacts with the water, the mass including the dissolved tablet is 157.26 grams. 438 grams tablet was left in the beaker after the reaction.
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As a reaction proceeds toward equilibrium from reactants to products (i.e., from left to right as written), the value of Q is
As a reaction proceeds toward equilibrium from reactants to products, the value of Q is Increasing
Equilibrium can exist in chemical processes (the products and reactants are produced at the same rate). In a reversible chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which there is no net change in the quantity of reactants or products. When a chemical reaction is reversible, the products react with the original reactants as soon as they are created.
There is no net change in the quantity of the chemicals involved when the two opposing reactions are in equilibrium because they are occurring at identical rates, or velocities. At this point, the reaction may be deemed to be finished, meaning that the maximum amount of reactants to products has been converted under the given reaction conditions.
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Briefly explain how you would name an organic compound containing each of the functional groups.
Functional groups include hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl.
Functional groups:
Regardless of the other atoms in a molecule, functional groups are particular groupings of atoms within molecules that have their own distinctive capabilities.
The prefixes di, tri, and tetra are applied when there are several substituents. Function-specific groups contain identifying suffixes. For instance, the parent chain name of alcohols has the suffix "ol" and a number indicating the location of the hydroxyl group. One is used to identify ketones.
If a compound has multiple functional groups, the highest priority functional group will be considered the "parent structure" and will define the "parent name"; the remaining functional groups will be considered the "substituents." The name of the parent structure is denoted by the "suffix," and the substituent is denoted by the "prefix."
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1. Determine the amount concentration of calcium ions and acetate ions in a 0.80 mol/L
solution of calcium acetate (work out formula first).
Since there is one mole of Ca^2+ in calcium acetate, its concentration is 0.80 mol/L.
What is concentration?The term concentration has to do with the amount of substance in solution. The concentration can be measured in several units. Generally, concentration is expressed in molarity, molality, mass concentration units or percentage.
Now we are asked to find the amount concentration of calcium ions and acetate ions in a 0.80 mol/L solution of calcium acetate. The formula of calcium acetate is Ca(CH3COO)2.
Thus;
Ca(CH3COO)2(aq) ----> Ca^2+(aq) + 2CH3COO^-(aq)
It then follows that since there is one mole of Ca^2+ in calcium acetate, its concentration is 0.80 mol/L.
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What happens to the carbon atom in the transformation of chloromethane to methyllithium?
The carbon atom reduced in the transformation of chloromethane to methyllithium.
The reaction between chloromethane and lithium form methyllithium.
[tex]CH_{3} Cl+ 2Li[/tex] → [tex]CH_{3} Li+ LiCl[/tex]
In above reaction, methyllithium is formed by the dispersing of lithium metal and adding chloromethane .
The carbon atom in chloromethane is partial positive charge because chlorine is high electronegative atom. The carbon atom in methyllithium is partial negative charge because carbon is more electronegative than lithium.
So, in above reaction two lithium metal donate two electron ( each lithium donate one electron) to the carbon atom(having positive charge) of chloromethane and get negative charge in methyllithium .
The gain of electron is reduction. So,The carbon atom reduced in the transformation of chloromethane to methyllithium.
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Consider the chemical equilibrium of the reaction. NH4OH(aq) NH4 (aq) OH(aq) What will happen to the chemical equilibrium if NH4Cl is added to this solution
Answer:
hydrochloride acidic maby
Explanation:
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A lake experiences episodic acidification, in which the pH drops to 5.0. A scientist studying the lake sees trout and perch disappear from the lake over time. What would be a reasonable explanation for the disappearance of these fish
A reasonable explanation for the disappearance of these fish is the high acidity affecting fish metabolism.
What is the ideal pH for fish?pH is a very important parameter to consider, as it has a direct effect on the metabolism and physiological processes of fish and other aquatic organisms. The pH tolerance range for fish is between 4.0 and 9.0, while the ideal index is between 6.5 and 8.0
With this information, we can conclude that The various fish species differ in terms of the best pH. The pH range between 6.5 – 9.0 is generally recommended for freshwater species. For marine species, the most recommended PH range is between 7.8-8.4.
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If sucrose is dissolved in water and the solution is kept overnight at room temperature, there is no detectable conversion to glucose and fructose. A solution of sucrose at room temperature does not readily decompose to form a solution of simple sugars because
The hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose is exergonic. However, if sucrose is dissolved in water and the solution is kept overnight at room temperature, there is no detectable conversion to glucose and fructose because the activation energy of the reaction is high.
Hence, Option (B) is correct answer.
What is Activation Energy ?The minimum amount of energy that must be provided by a reacting molecules to get converted into the product is called Activation energy.
It is expressed as:
[tex]k = Ae^{\frac{-E_a}{RT}}[/tex]
where,
k = rate constant
A = pre-exponential factor
Eₐ = activation energy
R = universal gas constant
T = absolute temperature in K
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose is exergonic. However, if sucrose is dissolved in water and the solution is kept overnight at room temperature, there is no detectable conversion to glucose and fructose because the activation energy of the reaction is high.
Hence, Option (B) is correct answer.
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Disclaimer: The question was given incomplete on the portal. Here is the complete question.
Question: The hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose is exergonic. However, if sucrose is dissolved in water and the solution is kept overnight at room temperature, there is no detectable conversion to glucose and fructose. Why?
A. The change in free energy of the reaction is positive.
B. The activation energy of the reaction is high.
C. The change in free energy of the reaction is negative.
D. This is a hydrolysis reaction, so it requires an input of energy.
E. The free energy of the products is higher than the free energy of the reactants.