A circular loop of wire of area 25 cm2 lies in the plane of the paper. A decreasing magnetic field B is coming out of the paper. What is the direction of the induced current in the loop?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

counterclockwise

Explanation:

given data

area = 25 cm²

solution

We know that a changing magnetic field induces the current and induced emf is express as

[tex]\epsilon = -N \frac{d \phi }{dt}[/tex]     ..................................1

and we will get here direction of the induced current in the loop that is express by the Lens law that state that the direction of induces current is such that the magnetic flux due to the induced current opposes the change in magnetic flux due to the change in magnetic field

so when magnetic field decrease and point coming out of the paper.

so induced current in the loop will be counterclockwise


Related Questions

What is the radiation pressure 1.5 m away from a 700 W lightbulb? Assume that the surface on which the pressure is exerted faces the bulb and is perfectly absorbing and that the bulb radiates uniformly in all directions.

Answers

Answer:

3.30 x 10^-7 Pascal

Explanation:

distance r = 1.5 m

power P = 700 W

the radiation pressure is given as

Pr = P/A*c

where

area of the surface A = 4πr^2

calculate for A

speed of light is c = 3×10^8  m/s

plugging above values in equation above gives

Pr = 3.30 x 10^-7 Pascal

Show that the entire Paschen series is in the infrared part of the spectrum. To do this, you only need to calculate the shortest wavelength in the series.

Answers

Answer and Explanation:

The computation of the shortest wavelength in the series is shown below:-

[tex]\frac{1}{\lambda} = R(\frac{1}{n_f^2} - \frac{1}{n_i^2} )[/tex]

Where

[tex]\lambda[/tex] represents wavelength

R represents Rydberg's constant

[tex]n_f[/tex] represents Final energy states

and [tex]n_i[/tex] represents initial energy states

Now Substitute is

[tex]1.097\times 10^7\ m^{-1}\ for\ R, \infty for\ n_i,\ 3 for\ n_i,\\\\\ \frac{1}{\lambda} = R(\frac{1}{n_f^2} - \frac{1}{n_i^2} )[/tex]

now we will put the values into the above formula

[tex]= 1.097\times 10^7 m^{-1}(\frac{1}{3^2} - \frac{1}{\infty^2} )\\\\ = 1.097\times10^7\ m^{-1} (\frac{1}{9} )[/tex]

[tex]= 1218888.889 m^{-1}[/tex]

Now we will rewrite the answer in the term of [tex]\lambda[/tex]

[tex]\lambda = \frac{1}{1218888.889} m\\\\ = 0.82\times 10^{-6} m[/tex]

So, the whole Paschen series is in the part of the spectrum.

You have a horizontal grindstone (a disk) that is 95 kg, has a 0.38 m radius, is turning at 87 rpm (in the positive direction), and you press a steel axe against the edge with a force of 16 N in the radial direction.
(a) Assuming the kinetic coefficient of friction between steel and stone is 0.20, calculate the angular acceleration of the grindstone.
(b) How many turns will the stone make before coming to rest?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The moment of inertia of the disk I  = 1/2 m R² where R is radius of the disc and m is its mass .

putting the values

I = .5 x 95 x .38²

= 6.86 kg m²

n = 87 rpm = 87 / 60 rps

n = 1.45 rps

angular velocity ω = 2π n , n is frequency of rotation .

= 2 x 3.14 x 1.45

= 9.106 radian /s

frictional force = 16 x .2

= 3.2 N

torque created by frictional force = 3.2 x .38

= 1.216 N.m

angular acceleration = torque / moment of inertia

= - 3.2 / 6.86

α  = - 0.4665 rad /s²

b ) ω² = ω₀² +  2 α θ , where α is angular acceleration

0 = 9.106² - 2 x .4665 θ

θ = 88.87 radian

no of turns = 88.87 / 2π

= 14.15  turns

What frequency is received by a person watching an oncoming ambulance moving at 110 km/h and emitting a steady 800-Hz sound from its siren? The speed of sound on this day is 345 m/s. Group of answer choices

Answers

Answer:

check photo for solve

Explanation:

write the formula of Lever, Pulleys, wheel and axle and inclined plane.

Answers

Answer:

Lever => [tex]d_{e} = d_{r}[/tex]

Pulley => G = M x n (gravitational acceleration)

Wheel and axle => M.A = Radius of the wheel/radius of the axle = R/r

Inclined plane => It can be divided into two components: Fi = Fg * sinθ - parallel to inclined plane. Fn = Fg * cosθ - perpendicular one.

Why was Bohr's atomic model replaced by the
modern atomic model?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Bohr's atomic model was replaced by the  modern atomic model because of its limitations, which included :

(a) Only applicable for Hydrogen and like atoms ( He+1, Li+2 )

(b) Couldn't explain Zeeman Effect (splitting of spectral lines due external magnetic field ) and Stark Effect (splitting of spectral lines due to external electric field).

(c) Inconsistent with De-Broglie's Dual nature of matter and Heisenberg Uncertainty principal, etc.

Given three resistors of different values, how many possible resistance values could be obtained by using one or more of the resistors?

Answers

Answer:

8 possible combinations

Assuming R 1, R 2 and R 3 be three different Resistance

1- all three in series

2-all three in parallel

3- R 1 and R 2 in series and parallel with R 3

4-R 1 and R 3 in series and parallel with R 2

5-R 2 and R 3 in series and parallel with R 1

6- R 1 and R 2

in parallel and series with R 3

7-R 1 and R 3 in parallel and series with R 2

8-R 2 and R 3 in V with R 1

A roller coaster starts from rest at its highest point and then descends on its (frictionless) track. Its speed is 26 m/s when it reaches ground level. What was its speed when its height was half that of its starting point?

Answers

Answer:

The velocity is  [tex]v_h = 19.2 \ m/s[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are told that

   The speed of the roller coaster at ground level  is [tex]v = 26 \ m/s[/tex]

 

Generally we can define the roller coaster speed at ground level using the an equation of motion as

     [tex]v^2 = u^2 + 2 g s[/tex]

 u is  zero given that the roller coaster started from rest

      So

            [tex]26^2 = 0 + 2 * g * s[/tex]

So  

           [tex]s = \frac{26^2}{ 2 * g }[/tex]

=>       [tex]s = 37.6 \ m[/tex]

Now the displacement half way is mathematically represented as

       

    [tex]s_{h} = \frac{37.6}{2}[/tex]

     [tex]s_{h} = 18.8 \ m[/tex]

So

      [tex]v_h ^2 = u^2 + 2 * g * s_h[/tex]

Where  [tex]v_h[/tex] is the velocity at the half way point

=>  [tex]v_h = \sqrt{ 0 + 2 * 9.8 * 18.8 }[/tex]

=>   [tex]v_h = 19.2 \ m/s[/tex]

A wooden ice box has a total area of 1.50 m2 amd walls with an average thickness of 2.0 cm. The box contains ice at 0.0 oC. The inside of the box is kept cold by melting ice. How much ice melts in one day if the ice box is kept in the shade of tree at 29 oC. (Assume the thermal conductivity of wood is 0.16 kJ/s m oC

Answers

Answer:

m = 9.1 x 10⁶ kg

Explanation:

First, we need to find the rate of heat transfer through the box to the ice. For this purpose, we use Fourier's Law of Heat Conduction:

Q = KA ΔT/L

where,

Q = Rate Of Heat Transfer = ?

K = Thermal Conductivity = 0.16 KW/m.°C = 160 W/m.°C

A = Area = 1.5 m²

ΔT = Difference in Temperature = 29°C - 0°C = 29°C

L = Thickness of wall = 2 cm = 0.002 m

Therefore,

Q = (160 W/m °C)(1.5 m²)(29°C)/(0.002 m)

Q = 3.48 x 10⁶ W

Now, we find the amount of heat transferred in one day to the ice:

q = Qt

where,

q = amount of heat = ?

t = time = (1 day)(24 h/1 day)(3600 s/1 h) = 86400 s

Therefore,

q = (3.48 x 10⁶ W)(8.64 x 10⁴ s)

q = 3 x 10¹¹ J

Now, for mass of ice melted in a day:

q = m H

m = q/H

where,

m = mass of ice melted in a day = ?

H = latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.3 x 10⁵ J/kg

Therefore,

m = (3 x 10¹¹ J)/(3.3 x 10⁵ J/kg)

m = 9.1 x 10⁶ kg

A planar electromagnetic wave is propagating in the +x direction. At a certain point P and at a given instant, the electric field of the wave is given by = (0.082 V/m) . What is the magnetic vector of the wave at the point P at that instant? (c = 3.0 × 108 m/s)

Answers

Answer:

[tex]B=2.74\times 10^{-10}\ T[/tex]

Explanation:

It is given that,

A planar electromagnetic wave is propagating in the +x direction.The electric field at a certain point is, E = 0.082 V/m

We need to find the magnetic vector of the wave at the point P at that instant.

The relation between electric field and magnetic field is given by :

[tex]c=\dfrac{E}{B}[/tex]

c is speed of light

B is magnetic field

[tex]B=\dfrac{E}{c}\\\\B=\dfrac{0.082}{3\times 10^8}\\\\B=2.74\times 10^{-10}\ T[/tex]

So, the magnetic vector at point P at that instant is [tex]2.74\times 10^{-10}\ T[/tex].

The magnetic vector of the wave at the point P at that instant is [tex]2.73 \times 10^{-10}T[/tex]

The formula relating electric field and the magnetic field is given as;

[tex]c=\frac{E}{B}[/tex]

E is the electric field strengthB is the magnetic vector of the wavec is the speed of light

From the formula shown:

[tex]B=\frac{E}{c}\\B=\frac{0.082}{3.0\times 10^8}\\B=2.73 \times 10 ^{-10}T[/tex]

Hence the magnetic vector of the wave at the point P at that instant is [tex]2.73 \times 10^{-10}T[/tex]

Learn more on magnetic field here: https://brainly.com/question/21040756

Two identical planets orbit a star in concentric circular orbits in the star's equatorial plane. Of the two, the planet that is farther from the star must have

Answers

Answer:

The planet that is farther from the star must have a time period greater.

Explanation:

We can determine the ratio of the period's planet with the radius of the circular orbit in the star's equatorial plane:

[tex] T = 2\pi*\sqrt{\frac{r^{3}}{GM}} [/tex]     (1)

Where:

r: is the radius of the circular orbit of the planet and the star

T: is the period

G: is the gravitational constant

M: is the mass of the planet

From equation (1) we have:

[tex] T = 2\pi*\sqrt{\frac{r^{3}}{GM}} = k*r^{3/2} [/tex]   (2)          

Where k is a constant

From equation (2) we have that of the two planets, the planet that is farther from the star must have a time period greater.

I hope it helps you!

A cyclist moves effortlessly at a constant speed of 12 m / s, but enters a muddy area where the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.60. Will the rider leave the muddy area without having to pedal if the mud extends 11m? If so, how fast will it emerge?

Answers

Answer:

3.5 m/s

Explanation:

There are 3 forces on the cyclist:

Weight force mg pulling down,

Normal force N pushing up,

and friction force Nμ pushing left.

Sum of forces in the y direction:

∑F = ma

N − mg = 0

N = mg

∑F = ma

-Nμ = ma

-mgμ = ma

a = -gμ

a = -(10 m/s²)(0.60)

a = -6 m/s²

Velocity reached at end of 11 m:

v² = v₀² + 2aΔx

v² = (12 m/s)² + 2 (-6 m/s²) (11 m)

v = √12 m/s

v ≈ 3.5 m/s

1.) When the acceleration is zero, what can you say about the velocity of an object?

Answers

Answer:

it is either constant or zero

Explanation:

How much energy is required to accelerate a spaceship with a rest mass of 121 metric tons to a speed of 0.509 c?

Answers

Answer

1.07E22 Joules

Explanation;

We know that mass expands by a factor

=>>1/√[1-(v/c)²]

But v= 0.509c

So

1/√(1 - 0.509²)

=>>> 1/√(1 - 0.2591)

= >> 1/√(0.7409) = 1.16

But given that 121 tons is rest mass so 121- 1.16= 119.84 tons is kinetic energy

And we know that rest mass-energy equivalence is 9 x 10^19 joules per ton.

So Multiplying by 119.84

Kinetic energy will be 1.07x 10^22 joules

The power lines are at a high potential relative to the ground, so there is an electric field between the power lines and the ground. To maximize the potential difference between one end of the fluorescent tube and the other, how should the tube be held?a. The tube should be held horizontally, parallel to the ground b. The potential difference between the ends of the tube does not depend on the tube's orientation. c. The tube should be held vertically perpendicular to the ground

Answers

Answer:

b) True. potencial diferencie does not depend on orientation

Explanation:

In this exercise we are asked to show which statements are true.

The expression the potential with respect to earth or the electric field with respect to earth refers to the potential or electric charge of the planet that is assumed to be very large and does not change in value during work.

It does not refer to the height of the system.

We can now review the claims

a) False. Potential not to be refers to height

b) True. Does not depend on orientation

c) False The potential does not refer to the altitude but to the Earth's charge

Which type of psychotherapy would seek to eliminate your fear of spiders by exposing you to pictures of spiders?


Answers

Answer:

cognitive behavioral therapy

Explanation:

Exposure therapy is the answer

Determine the final angular velocity of a particle that rotates 4500 ° in 3 seconds and an angular acceleration of 8 Rad / s ^ 2

Answers

Answer:

the final angular velocity of the particle is approximately 38.18  Rad/s

Explanation:

To start with, let's make sure that units of angle measure are the same, converting everything into radians:

[tex]4500^o\, \frac{\pi}{180^o}= 25\,\pi[/tex]

And now we can use the kinematic formulas for rotational motion:

[tex]\theta-\theta_0=\omega_0\,t+\frac{1}{2} \alpha\,t^2[/tex]

Therefore we can find the initial angular velocity [tex]\omega_0[/tex]  of the particle:

[tex]\theta-\theta_0=\omega_0\,t+\frac{1}{2} \alpha\,t^2\\25\,\pi=\omega_0\,(3)+\frac{1}{2} (8)\,(3)^2\\25\,\pi-36=\omega_0\,(3)\\\omega_0=\frac{25\,\pi-36}{3} \\\omega_0\approx 14.18\,\,\,rad/s[/tex]

and now we can estimate the final angular velocity using the kinematic equation for angular velocity;

[tex]\omega=\omega_0\,+\alpha\,t\\\omega=14.18+8\,(3)\\\omega=38.18\,\,\,rad/s[/tex]

Light of wavelength 520 nm is incident a on a diffraction grating with a slit spacing of 2.20 μm , what is the angle from the axis for the third order maximum?

Answers

Answer:

θ = 45.15°

Explanation:

We need to use the grating equation in this question. The grating equation is given as follows:

mλ = d Sin θ

where,

m = order number = 3

λ = wavelength of light = 520 nm = 5.2 x 10⁻⁷ m

d = slit spacing = 2.2 μm = 2.2 x 10⁻⁶ m

θ = angle from the axis = ?

Therefore,

(3)(5.2 x 10⁻⁷ m) = (2.2 x 10⁻⁶ m) Sin θ

Sin θ = (3)(5.2 x 10⁻⁷ m)/(2.2 x 10⁻⁶ m)

Sin θ = 0.709

θ = Sin⁻¹(0.709)

θ = 45.15°

"If a beam of monochromatic light is passed though a slit of width 15 μm and the second order dark fringe of the diffraction pattern is at an angle of 5.2o from the central axis, what is the wavelength of the light?"

Answers

Answer:

  λ= 5.4379 10⁻⁷ m = 543.79 nm

Explanation:

The phenomenon of diffraction is described by the expression for destructive diffraction is

           a sin θ = (m + 1/2) λ

           λ = a sin θ / (m + 1/2)

let's reduce the magnitudes to the SI system

           a = 15 um = 15 10⁻⁶ m

           m = 2

           θ = 5.2º

Let's calculate

          λ = 15 10⁻⁶ sin 5.2 / (2 +1/2)

         λ = 5.4379 10⁻⁷ m

Let's reduce to nm

          λ= 5.4379 10⁻⁷ m = 543.79 nm

A brick is resting on a smooth wooden board that is at a 30° angle. What is one way to overcome the static friction that is holding the brick in place?

Answers

Answer:

We apply force to move the brick.

Explanation:

Let me first of define a force .

A force is something applied to an object or thing to change it's internal or external state.

Now if a brick is resting on smooth wood inclined at 30° to the horizontal for us to overcome the friction which is also a force we have to apply a force greater than the gravity force acting on the body and then depending on the direction of the applied force the angle to apply it also.

what additional load will be required to cause the extension of 2.0cm when an elastic wire extend by 1.0cm when a load of 20g range from it

Answers

Answer:

The additional load is 20g

Two protons, A and B, are next to an infinite plane of positive charge. Proton B is twice as far from the plane as proton A. Which proton has the larg

Answers

Answer:

They both have the same acceleration

An airplane flies 1,592 miles east from Phoenix, Arizona, to Atlanta, Georgia, in 3.68 hours.
What is the average velocity of the airplane? Round your answer to the nearest whole number.

Answers

Maybe it is around 300

Answer:

433

Explanation:

An LR circuit consists of a 35-mH inductor, a resistance of 12 ohms, an 18-V battery, and a switch. What is the current 5.0 ms after the switch is closed

Answers

Answer:

Current, I = 1.23 A

Explanation:

Given that,

Inductance, L = 35 mH

Resistance, R = 12 ohms

Potential difference, V = 18 V

We need to find current 5 ms after the switch is closed. Current in LR circuit is given by :

[tex]I=I_o(1-e^{-t/\tau })[/tex] ....(1)

Here,

[tex]I_o[/tex] is final current

[tex]I_o=\dfrac{V}{R}\\\\I_o=\dfrac{18}{12}=1.5\ A[/tex]

[tex]\tau[/tex] is time constant

[tex]\tau=\dfrac{L}{R}\\\\\tau=\dfrac{35\times 10^{-3}}{12}\\\\\tau=0.00291\ s[/tex]

So, equation (1) becomes :

[tex]I=1.5\times (1-e^{-5\times 10^{-3}/0.00291})\\\\I=1.23\ A[/tex]

So, after 5 ms the current in the circuit is 1.23 A.

How could a country benefit from making it into space?

Answers

Answer:

space exploration pays off in goods, technology, and paychecks. The work is done by people who are paid to do it here on Earth. The money they receive helps them buy food, get homes, cars, and clothing. They pay taxes in their communities, which helps keep schools going, roads paved, and other services that benefit a town or city. The money may be spent to send things "up there", but it gets spent "down here." It spreads out into the economy.

Determine the orbital period (in hours) of an observation satellite in a circular orbit 1,787 km above Mars.

Answers

Answer:

T = 3.14 hours

Explanation:

We need to find the orbital period (in hours) of an observation satellite in a circular orbit 1,787 km above Mars.

We know that the radius of Mars is 3,389.5 km.

So, r = 1,787 + 3,389.5 = 5176.5 km

Using Kepler's law,

[tex]T^2=\dfrac{4\pi ^2}{GM}r^3[/tex]

M is mass of Mars, [tex]M=6.39\times 10^{23}\ kg[/tex]

So,

[tex]T^2=\dfrac{4\pi ^2}{6.67\times 10^{-11}\times 6.39\times 10^{23}}\times (5176.5 \times 10^3)^3\\\\T=\sqrt{\dfrac{4\pi^{2}}{6.67\times10^{-11}\times6.39\times10^{23}}\times(5176.5\times10^{3})^{3}}\\\\T=11334.98\ s[/tex]

or

T = 3.14 hours

So, the orbital period is 3.14 hours

The ceiling of your lecture hall is probably covered with acoustic tile, which has small holes separated by about 6.1 mm. Using light with a wavelength of 578 nm, how far could you be from this tile and still resolve these holes

Answers

Answer:

8.65x10^3m

Explanation:

See attached file

A mass M slides downward along a rough plane surface inclined at angle \Theta\:Θ= 32.51 in degrees relative to the horizontal. Initially the mass has a speed V_0\:V 0 = 6.03 m/s, before it slides a distance L = 1.0 m down the incline. During this sliding, the magnitude of the power associated with the work done by friction is equal to the magnitude of the power associated with the work done by the gravitational force. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the mass and the incline?

Answers

Answer: μ = 0.8885

Explanation: Force due to friction is calculated as: [tex]F_{f} = \mu.N[/tex]

At an inclined plane, normal force (N) is: N = mgcosθ, in which θ=32.51.

Power associated with work done by friction is [tex]P=F_{f}.x[/tex]. The variable x is displacement the object "spent its energy".

Power associated with work done by gravitational force is P = mghcosθ, where h is height.

The decline forms with horizontal plane a triangle as draw in the picture.

To determine force due to friction:

[tex]F_{f}.x=mghcos(\theta)[/tex]

[tex]F_{f}=\frac{mghcos(\theta)}{x}[/tex]

Replacing force:

[tex]\frac{m.g.h.cos(\theta)}{x} = \mu.m.g.cos(\theta)[/tex]

[tex]\mu=\frac{h}{x}[/tex]

Calculating h using trigonometric relations:

[tex]sin(32.51) = \frac{h}{1}[/tex]

h = sin(32.51)

Coefficient of Kinetic friction is

[tex]\mu=\frac{sin(32.51)}{1}[/tex]

μ = 0.8885

For these conditions, coefficient of kinetic friction is μ = 0.8885.

What is a measure of how hard it is to stop a moving object?
25.
A. gravity
B. weight
C.
inertia
D. momentum

Answers

Answer:

C. inertia

Explanation:

inertia describes an object’s resistance to change in motion (or to get in motion due to a lack of motion), and momentum describes how much motion it has.

both are connected, as inertia depends on the object's momentum, but the answer here is inertia.

who was the youngest female to give birth​

Answers

Answer:

5 years old 7 months and 21 days

Explanation:

Answer:

lina marcela medina de jurado

Other Questions
Quick Company's lease payments are made at the end of each period. Quick's liability for a capital lease will be reduced periodically by the minimum lease payment, adjusted by: please help to do it read this excerpt dear sir or madam i am responding to your ad seeking data managers why is this cover letter inapporiate? HELPPLSFind all the missing elements: Suppose that Y1, Y2,..., Yn denote a random sample of size n from a Poisson distribution with mean . Consider 1 = (Y1 + Y2)/2 and 2 = Y . Derive the efficiency of 1 relative to 2. Find the solution of the system of equations.2x 10y = -28-10x + 10y = -20GbA Which graph represents a function? Write an expression in simplified form for the area of each rectangle. Width: 5+2y Length:5 The Government Accounting Office (GAO) announces deep cuts to social security, Medicare, and welfare programs. Which determinant of aggregate demand causes the change Please give me the answer ASAP The average of 5 numbers is 7. If one of the five numbers is removed, the average of the four remaining numbers is 6. What is the value of the number that was removed Show Your Work Which of the following is the term for tightly packed sheets of cells that cover organs and outer surfaces?a. Epithelial tissueb. Connective tissuec. Muscle tissued. Nervous tissue In complete sentences, explain the following: Is 700 a good estimate for the sum of 435 and 368? If it is, explain why it is a good estimate. If it is not, explain why it is a bad estimate. Yooo I just had MAD diarrhea D: Suppose you buy 6 cans of peaches at $1.10 each, 5 cans of corn for $.89 each, and 3 boxes of breakfast cereal at $3.52 each. a. Write three expressions; one each that shows how to determine the total spent on peaches,corn and breakfast cereal. (3 pts) Protects the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell 1. 8y = 482. q 12 = 13. 18 = a/24. r/3 = 75. 11 = m 4 Daniel practises his guitar for 40 minutes every dayIf Daniel practises six days per week for 50 weeks per year, how many years will it take him to log up 10 000 hours of practice? What argument does Roosevelt make in thispassage?Read the passage from Eleanor Roosevelt's speechon the adoption of the Universal Declaration ofHuman Rights.The first two paragraphs of the amendment toarticle 3 deal with the question of minorities, whichcommittee 3 decided required further study, and hasrecommended, in a separate resolution, theirreference to the Economic and Social Council andthe Human Rights Commission. As set out in theSoviet amendment this provision clearly states"group," and not "individual," rights.The Soviet amendment to article 20 is obviously avery restrictive statement of the right to freedom ofopinion and expression. It sets up standards whichwould enable any state practically to deny allfreedom of opinion and expression without violatingthe article. It introduces the terms "democratic view.""democratic systems," "democratic state," ando If the Assembly fails to approve the Sovietamendments, individual freedom may soondisappear.o If the Assembly fails to approve the Sovietamendments, the Soviets might have to declarewarThe Soviet amendments mention fascism, whichis too controversial a topic for the UDHR.0 The Soviet amendments endanger humanfreedoms by emphasizing group rights overindividual rights Factorize. a^4-a^2+2a-1 What is the volume of this figure?