Answer:
Debt / Equity = 0.72649 : 1 or 72.649%
Explanation:
The ROE or return on equity can be calculated using the Du Pont equation. It breaks the ROE into three components. The formula for ROE under Du Pont is,
ROE = Net Income / Sales * Sales / Total Assets * Total Assets / Shareholder's equity
or
ROE = Net Income / Total equity
Assuming that sales is $100.
Net Income = 100 * 0.051 = 5.1
Total Assets = 100 / 1.84
Total Assets = 54.35
0.162 = 5.1 / Total equity
Total Equity = 5.1 / 0.162
Total Equity = 31.48
We know that Assets = Debt + Equity
So,
54.35 = Debt + 31.48
Debt = 54.35 - 31.48
Debt = 22.87
Debt / Equity = 22.87 / 31.48
Debt / Equity = 0.72649 : 1 or 72.649%
All firms, no matter the type of firm structure in which they are producing, make their production decisions based on the point where their: Group of answer choices
Answer:
The answer is B.
Explanation:
The profit maximisation point is the point where marginal revenue equals marginal cost(MR = MC). At this point, total revenue is maximized.
Marginal revenue is the change in total revenue when additional units is sold or made while marginal cost is the change in total cost when additional unit of output is made.
When MR > MC, the firm is not manufacturing or producing enough goods and when MC > MR, it means the firm is manufacturing or producing too much and it is making loss with each additional production.
Choose three organizations that you believe have had the greatest impact on the current state of safety and health programs in the United States. Summarize the purpose of each organization, and discuss how you believe you can use these organizations to improve your ability to perform your duties as a safety and health professional.
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
The three organizations would be OSHA, NIOSH, and NACOSH.
OSHA stands for Occupational Safety and Health Administration. It tries to ensure that the workers labor under the proper safety and health conditions in their workplace.
NIOSH stands for the National Instituto for Occupational Safety and Health. This organization basically is dedicated to researching to know the working conditions of workers in America and make recommendations.
NACOSH stands for the National Advisory Committee on Occupational Safety and Health. It functions as an adviser or counselor to the Department of Labor on safety and security issues.
These three can definitely be used to improve my ability to perform my duties as a safety and health professional in that they include a series of recommendations, programs, and educational tips to be applied in the workplace and diminish the possibility of accidents or how to react in case of one.
Imagine that Eveready has developed solar rechargeable batteries that cost only slightly more to produce than the rechargeable batteries currently available. These solar batteries can be recharged by sunlight up to five times, after which they are to be discarded. Unfortunately, the production process cannot be patented, so competitors could enter the market within a year. Which of the following is the best description of the product life cycle of this product?
a. Long, level beginning, and rapid ascent
b. High initial sales followed by slow decline
c. High introductory sales followed by rapid decline
d. Rapid growth followed by rapid decline
e. Moderately slow introduction, followed by modest growth, gradually leveling off
Answer: Moderately slow introduction, followed by modest growth, gradually leveling off
Explanation:
The product life cycle is the time a product takes from the introduction stage to the decline stage when it's off the market.
Based on the above scenario, the product life cycle of this product will be moderately slow introduction, followed by modest growth, gradually leveling.
This is because since it's a new product, there will be a slow introduction as people will just be getting used to the product, then as customers begin to buy the product and it's brand becomes known, there'll be a modest growth before it levels off.
Mars Inc. has a defined benefit pension plan. On December 31 (the end of the fiscal year), the company received the PB0 report from the actuary. The following information was included in the report: ending PBO, $110,000 benefits paid to retirees. $10,000, interest cost, $7,200. The discount rate applied by the actuary was 8%. What was the beginning PBO?
A) $100,000
B) $112,000.
C) $90,000.
D) $107,200.
Answer:
C) $90,000
Explanation:
Beginning PBO = Interest cost/Discount rate =
Beginning PBO = $7,200/8%
Beginning PBO = $90,000
True or false: A flexible budget reporting sales volumes at three different levels will have the same fixed costs.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
A flexible budget is a budget in which you modify the activity levels to reflect changes in sales to help the company adjusts to different circumstances that may occcur. Also, in this budget the fixed costs remain constant and the variable costs change with the activity levels. According to this, the answer is that the statement that says that a flexible budget reporting sales volumes at three different levels will have the same fixed costs is true.
It is true that a flexible budget presenting sales volumes at three levels would have the same fixed expenses.
Flexible budget:A flexible budget is one in which activity levels are adjusted to reflect sales performance, allowing the organization to respond to unforeseen events.
Furthermore, in this budget, fixed expenditures stay constant while variable costs vary according to activity levels. The assumption that a flexible budget reporting sales volumes at three distinct levels will have the same fixed expenses.
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Knight Inventory Systems, Inc., has announced a rights offer. The company has announced that it will take three rights to buy a new share in the offering at a subscription price of $53. At the close of business the day before the ex-rights day, the company’s stock sells for $80 per share. The next morning, you notice that the stock sells for $65 per share and the rights sell for $2 each.
Required:
a. Are the stock and the rights correctly priced on the ex-rights day?
b. Describe a transaction in which you could use these prices to create an immediate profit.
Answer:
a. Are the stock and the rights correctly priced on the ex-rights day?
stock price at ex-right = [(3 x $80) + $53] / 4 = $73.25
cost of ex-right = $80 - $73.25 = $6.75
the rights are underpriced since they are sold at $2, and they should sell at $6.75
b. Describe a transaction in which you could use these prices to create an immediate profit.
You can purchase 3 rights at $6 and then pay subscription price ($53) and you would have an stock at $59. Your profit = $65 - $59 = $6 per stock.
a project will produce cash inflows of 5400 a year for 3 years with a final cash inflow of 2400 in year 4. The projects initial cost is 13400. what is the net present value if the required rate of return is 14.2 percent?
Answer:
NPV = $505.9242271 rounded off to $505.92
Explanation:
The NPV or net present value is an important metric that is used for project and investment evaluation. The NPV is the present value of the series of cash flows provided by the project less the initial cost incurred to undertake the project. NPV can be calculated as follows,
NPV = CF1 / (1+r) + CF2 / (1+r)^2 + .... + CFn / (1+r)^n - Initial cost
Where,
CF1, CF2 and so on represents the cash flow in year 1 , cash flow in year 2 and so onr represents the required rate of returnNPV = 5400 / (1+0.142) + 5400 / (1+0.142)^2 + 5400/ (1+0.142)^3 +
2400 / (1+0.142)^4 - 13400
NPV = $505.9242271 rounded off to $505.92
Your text outlines three basic categories of electronic commerce applications: business-to-consumer (B2C), business-to-business (B2B) and consumer-to-consumer (C2C). B2C applications:_______.
A. Involve businesses developing attractive electronic marketplaces to entice customers and sell products and services to consumers.
B. Involve both electronic business marketplaces and direct market links between businesses .
C. Involve consumers buying and selling with each other in an auction process at an auction website, as well as personal advertising of products or services to buy or sell at electronic newspaper sites or personal websites.
D. None of the choices are correct.
Answer:
A. Involve businesses developing attractive electronic marketplaces to entice customers and sell products and services to consumers.
Explanation:
The Business to Consumer (B2C) sales strategy corresponds to a type of sale aimed at the final consumer. This sale takes place at retail, and occurs according to the consumer purchase decision process, which identifies their needs, judges the options according to their preferences and desires and finally chooses the option that best suits their search for a particular product or service.
Therefore, in the B2C strategy, retail companies have as main objective to create in the consumer the desire for a purchase, so the most appropriate option for this issue is that developing attractive electronic markets will help the company to attract customers and sell products and services to consumers.
Which of the following is one of the two fundamental issues that the recommendations of the 1947 Hutchins Commission on social responsibility in journalism were based on?a. Society's welfare is paramount. b. Morality should be a business practice. c. Corporate responsibility is essential. d. The golden rule should be written in stone.
Answer:
a. Society's welfare is paramount.
Explanation:
A commission on the freedom of press also known as "The Hutchins Commission" was formed in the United States of America (USA) during the World War II (WWII) by Robert Maynard Hutchins.
In 1947 after deliberating on the issues of press for four (4) years, the Hutchins Commission concluded that society's welfare is paramount, this is one of the two fundamental issues that the recommendations of the 1947 Hutchins Commission on social responsibility in journalism is based on. The commission stated that the development and stability of a society is influenced by the operations of the press and as such it is very important that the mass media (press) is socially responsible.
Some of the guidelines or recommendations made by the Hutchins Commission for the press are;
1. Present meaningful, reliable and accurate news to the general public; not opinions.
2. Present an overall view of what was known about society.
3. Avail the citizens an opportunity for constructive criticism and exchange of comment about the government.
Stenson, Inc., imposes a payback cutoff of three years for its international investment projects. Assume the company has the following two projects available.
Year Cash Flow A Cash Flow B
0 –$48,000 –$ 93,000
1 18,500 20,500
2 24,800 25,500
3 20,500 33,500
4 6,500 247,000
What is the payback period for each project?
Answer:
Project A 2.22 years
Project B 3.05 years
Explanation:
Calculation for the payback period for each project
Project A
First step is to calculate for the amount received in 2 years
Amount received=$18,500+24,800
Amount received =$43,300
Second step is to calculate for the amount not received
Amount not received =$48,000-$43,300
Amount not received =$4,700
Third step is to find out when the remaining amount will be received.
=$4,700/$20,500
=$0.22 years
Last step
Payback period=2+0.22 years
Payback period =2.22 years
The payback period for project A will be 2.22 years
Project B
First step is to calculate for the amount received in 3 years
Amount received=$20,500+$25,500+$33,500
Amount received =$79,500
Second step is to calculate for the amount not received
Amount not received =$93,000-$79,500
Amount not received =$13,500
Third step is to find out when the remaining amount will be received.
=$13,500/$247,000
=$0.05 years
Last step
Payback period=3+0.05 years
Payback period =3.05years
The payback period for project B will be 3.05 years
Collins Company reported consolidated revenue of $120,000,000 in 20X8. Collins operates in two geographic areas, domestic and Asia. The following information pertains to these two areas:
Sales to External Interarea Sales
Customers Between Affiliates
Domestic $70,000,000 $12,000,000
Asia $50,000,000 $8,000,000
What calculation below is correct to determine if the revenue test is satisfied for the Asian operations?
a. $58,000,000/$120,000,000.
b. $50,000,000/$140,000,000.
c. $58,000,000/$140,000,000.
d. $50,000,000/$120,000,000.
Answer:
d. $50,000,000/$120,000,000
Explanation:
The computation of the correct calculation when the revenue test is satisfied is shown below:
As we can see that the fourth option is correct i.e.
= Asian sales ÷ Total consolidated sales.
= $50,000,000 ÷ $120,000,000
Here the affiliate sales are not relevant so the same is not considered
Hence, the correct option is d.
Suppose an industry earns a rate of return of 10%, which is twice as high as that of competitive industries, 5%. How much is the price overcharge of that industry, if its capital is valued at half its annual revenue
Answer:
Let us assume that both the industries are having an investment of $100,000
The profit of the given industry which is having 10% rate of return will be $100,000 * 10% = $10,000
The other industry which is having the Rate of return of 5% will earn a profit of $100,000 * 5% = $5000.
As the capital is just half of the revenue, it signifies that the total revenue will be $200,000 . So the same value of $10,000 will be 5% of the total revenue. On the other hand, $5,000 would be 2.5% of total revenue.
Thus, the first stated industry will charge 2.5% more than the other industry.
Suppose that fixed investment is $480 billion and (total) investment is $630 billion. What does inventory investment equal?
Answer:
$150 billion
Explanation:
Calculation of What does the inventory in
Investment equal
Using this formula
Inventory in Investment =Total investment - Fixed investment
Let plug in the formula
Inventory in Investment=$630 billion-$480 billion
Inventory in Investment=$150 billion
Therefore the inventory investment equal $150 billion .
A firm has a required return of 14.2% and a beta of 1.63. If the risk-free rate is currently 5.4%, what is the expected return to the market? Assume that CAPM is correct.
Answer:
10.8%
Explanation:
Required rate of return = Risk free rate + Beta x ( Expected rate - Risk free rate )
14.2% = 5.4% + 1.63 x ( market rate - 5.4% )
14.2% - 5.4% = 1.63 x ( market rate - 5.4% )
8.8% / 1.63 = market rate - 5.4%
5.4% = market rate - 5.4%
Market rate = 5.4% + 5.4%
Market rate = 10.8%
Market rate = 10.8%
A single-channel queuing system has an average service time of eight minutes and an average time between arrivals of 10 minutes. The arrival rate is: Group of answer choices 10 per hour. 12.5 per hour. 6 per hour. 7.5 per hour. 8 per hour.
The correct answer is B. 6 per hour
Explanation:
The term "arrival rate" refers to the number of customers that arrive at a business during a specific time such as an hour or a day. This is determined by how often customers arrive or the time between arrivals. This concept complements the service rate, which refers to the customers that receive a service during a period of time.
In the case presented, it is known the time between arrivals is 10 minutes, this means it is expected every 10 minutes a new customer arrives. Based on this, each hour the business can expect a total of 6 customers as 60 minutes divided by 10 (time between arrivals) = 6 customers. Thus, the rate of arrival is 6 per hour.
changed its estimates to a total useful life of 5 years with a salvage value of $81000. What is 2021 depreciation expense?
Answer: $162,000
Explanation:
The depreciation expense for the first 3 years up till 2021 is;
= (Cost - Salvage value)/Useful life
= ( 579,000 - 57,000) / 9
= $58,000
In 2021, the Net book value was;
= 579,000 - ( 58,000 * 3)
= 579,000 - 174,000
= $405,000
Useful life has been changed to 5 years. 3 years have already elapsed left with 2.
New salvage value is $81,000.
= (NBV - Salvage Value) / Useful life
= (405,000 - 81,000) / 2
= $162,000
g A company issues 9% bonds with a par value of $170,000 at par on January 1. The market rate on the date of issuance was 8%. The bonds pay interest semiannually on January 1 and July 1. The cash paid on July 1 to the bond holder(s) is:
Answer:
$7,650
Explanation:
Calculation for the cash paid on July 1 to the bond holder(s)
Using this formula
Cash=Par value×Bonds percentage× Semiannual Interest
Semiannual means 6 months or half of the year.
Let plug in the formula
Cash=$170,000×0.09×1/2 year
Cash=$7,650
Therefore the cash paid on July 1 to the bond holder(s) will be 7,650
Cole Co. began constructing a building for its own use in January 2016. During 2016, Cole incurred interest of $50,000 on specific construction debt, and $20,000 on other borrowings. Interest computed on the weighted-average amount of accumulated expenditures for the building during 2016 was $40,000. What amount of interest should Cole capitalize?
Answer:
$40,000
Explanation:
The accounting procedure involved in the above is that one picks the lower between the actual interest incurred and the interest computed on the weighted average amount of accumulated expenditures for PPE.
The actual interest incurred on specific construction debt and other borrowings
= $50,000 + $20,000
= $70,000
Since the interest computed on the weighted average amount of accumulated expenditure for the building is $40,000 , the lower between the actual interest incurred and interest on weighted average amount of accumulated expenditure is $40,000, hence will be the capitalized amount.
Bonita Industries budgeted manufacturing costs for 65000 tons of steel are: Fixed manufacturing costs$50000 per month Variable manufacturing costs$12 per ton of steel Bonita produced 50000 tons of steel during March. How much is the flexible budget for total manufacturing costs for March
Answer:
Total cost= $650,000
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Fixed manufacturing costs$50000 per month
Variable manufacturing costs$12 per ton of steel
Bonita produced 50000 tons of steel during March.
The flexible budget shows the total standard cost for the actual activity.
Fixed costs= 50,000
Total variable cost= 12*50,000= 600,000
Total cost= $650,000
who are the customers for textbooks? What do these customers want in terms of goods and services related to textbooks? From the publishers point of view, who are the key customer?
Answer:
the customers for textbooks are students and schools
You recently purchased a stock that is expected to earn 19 percent in a booming economy, 14 percent in a normal economy, and lose 3 percent in a recessionary economy. There is 21 percent probability of a boom, 70 percent chance of a normal economy, and 9 percent chance of a recession. What is your expected rate of return on this stock?
Answer:
r = 0.1352 or 13.52%
Explanation:
The expected rate of return or r is the average return that is expected from the stock. It is the expected rate of profit or loss that an investor can anticipate on an investment whose returns are known or anticipated.
The expected rate of return of can be calculated as follows,
r = pA * rA + pB * rB + ... + pN * rN
Where,
pA, pB and so on represents the probability of an event or state to occur rA, rB and so on are the return in different events or states
r = 0.21 * 0.19 + 0.7 * 0.14 + 0.09 * -0.03
r = 0.1352 or 13.52%
Bandar Industries Berhad of Malaysia manufactures sporting equipment. One of the company’s products, a football helmet for the North American market, requires a special plastic. During the quarter ending June 30, the company manufactured 3,400 helmets, using 2,346 kilograms of plastic. The plastic cost the company $15,484. According to the standard cost card, each helmet should require 0.64 kilograms of plastic, at a cost of $7.00 per kilogram. Required: 1. What is the standard quantity of kilograms of plastic (SQ) that is allowed to make 3,400 helmets? 2. What is the standard materials cost allowed (SQ × SP) to make 3,400 helmets? 3. What is the materials spending variance? 4. What is the materials price variance and the materials quantity variance?
Answer:
1. What is the standard quantity of kilograms of plastic (SQ) that is allowed to make 3,400 helmets?
3,400 helmets x 064 kgs per helmet = 2,176 kgs
2. What is the standard materials cost allowed (SQ × SP) to make 3,400 helmets?
2,176 kgs x $7 per kg = $15,232
3. What is the materials spending variance?
$15,484 - $15,232 = $252 unfavorable (because total expenditures on materials were higher than budgeted)
4. What is the materials price variance and the materials quantity variance?
materials price variance = [($15,484/2,346) - $7] x 2,346 = -$938 favorable (the purchase price per kg was lower than budgeted)
materials quantity variance = (2,346 - 2,176) x $7 = $1,190 unfavorable
This is where what I call a deviant comes in. Every team needs a deviant, someone who can help the team by challenging the tendency to want too much homogeneity, which can stifle creativity and learning. Deviants are the ones who stand back and say, ‘Well, wait a minute, why are we even doing this at all? What if we looked at the thing backwards or turned it inside out?’ That’s when people say, ‘Oh, no, no, no, that’s ridiculous,’ and so the discussion about what’s ridiculous comes up. Unlike the CFO I mentioned before, who derailed the team by shutting down discussions, the deviant opens up more ideas, and that gets you a lot more originality. In our research, we’ve looked carefully at both teams that produced something original and those that were merely average, where nothing really sparkled. It turned out that the teams with deviants outperformed teams without them. In many cases, deviant thinking is a source of great innovation."According to Hackman, a deviant may help a group consider _______, but if the deviant has a strong personality and limits the input of others, the problem of ________ , may arise.
Answer:
According to Hackman, a deviant may help a group consider out-of-box thinking, but if the deviant has a strong personality and limits the input of others, the problem of complacency, may arise.
Explanation:
It's from the book "Leading Teams" of J. Richard Hackman, the Edgar Pierce Professor of Social and Organizational Psychology at Harvard University and a leading expert on teams.
Putting an X in the appropriate spot, classify the costs highlighted in yellow as: Direct Material, Direct Labor, Overhead, or Period Costs. Other costs have been provided for you.
The fixed and variable cost classifications have been provided for you.
Item/ Direct Direct Manufacturing Period Fixed Variable
Cost Material Labor Overhead Costs
Groomer x X
Day care attendant x X
Receptionist x X
Kennel attendant x
Food and water bowls x X
Fencing for day care area x
Installation of fencing x
Dog grooming arm (attaches to table)
12 kennels cost
Depreciation on kennels
Rent X
Utilties and insurance X
Grooming table x X
Grooming tub 48" x X
Heating system x X
Depreciation on heating system X
Clippers x
Shampoo (Crystal Clear:
five-gallon pail) x X
Cage bank (set of five)
Salon Tuff Capri mobile carry cart
Towels x
Scissors (7-inch straight,
ear & nose) x
Toys (used in day care only) x X
Cleaning products (used
throughout) x X
Dryer x
Rubberized flooring (day care) X
Loan X
Draw X
Answer:
The following costs are classified appropriately under the following heading:
Direct Material:
Food and water bowls
Dog grooming arm
12 kennels cost
Grooming table
Grooming tub 48"
Shampoo (Crystal Clear: five-gallon pail)
Cage bank (set of five)
Salon Tuff Capri mobile carry cart
Towels
Scissors (7-inch straight, ear & nose)
Toys (used in day care only)
Cleaning products (used throughout)
Dryer
Direct Labour:
Groomer
Day care attendant
Receptionist
Kennel attendant
Rubberized flooring (day care)
Overhead:
Fencing for day care area
Installation of fencing
Utilties and insurance
Heating system
Draw
Period Cost:
Depreciation on kennels
Rent
Depreciation on heating system X
Clippers
Loan
Explanation:
Inventory Analysis A company reports the following: Cost of goods sold $347,480 Average inventory 86,870 Determine (a) the inventory turnover and (b) the number of days' sales in inventory. Round interim calculations to the nearest dollar and final answers to one decimal place. Assume 365 days a year.
Answer:
a. 4
b. 91.25 Days
Explanation:
a. Inventory Turnover = Cost of goods sold/ Average Inventory
= $347,480 / 86,870
= 4
b. Number of days sales in Inventory = Inventory/ COGS*365
= 86,870 / $347,480 * 365
= 91.25 Days
The marketing team of a regional airline company plans to launch a new marketing campaign to draw more customers to its flights. Select the first three planning steps the marketing team should take to begin the campaign:
Explanation:
1. advertising
2. distribution
3. well crafted
Determine the target market, define purpose and objectives for IMC campaign, set S.M.A.R.T. goals are the first three planning steps the marketing team should take to begin the marketing campaign.
What is marketing campaign?An integrated marketing communication is made up of a number of advertisement messages that all have the same idea and theme. A platform known as an IMC allows a collection of people to combine their views, ideas, and ideologies into one sizable media base.
Marketing efforts can help you find new consumers and raise brand awareness. They also help to establish a reputation, engage customers, and tell your target market about the most recent goods and services. They are therefore critically necessary for any firm.
Therefore, the marketing team's first three planning phases before launching the campaign should be to identify the target market, establish the purpose and objectives for the IMC campaign, and set S.M.A.R.T. goals.
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TB MC Qu. 8-187 The Charade Corporation is preparing its ... The Charade Corporation is preparing its Manufacturing Overhead budget for the fourth quarter of the year. The budgeted variable manufacturing overhead is $5 per direct labor-hour; the budgeted fixed manufacturing overhead is $95,000 per month, of which $17,000 is factory depreciation. If the budgeted direct labor time for November is 9,000 hours, then the total budgeted manufacturing overhead for November is:
Answer:
Allocated MOH= 140,000
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
The budgeted variable manufacturing overhead is $5 per direct labor-hour
The budgeted fixed manufacturing overhead is $95,000 per mont
The budgeted direct labor time for November is 9,000 hours
To allocate overhead, we need to use the following formula:
Allocated MOH= Estimated manufacturing overhead rate* Actual amount of allocation base
Allocated MOH= (5*9,000) + 95,000
Allocated MOH= 140,000
A divorced woman with 2 young children has a small trust fund that gives her $2,500 a year in income. She collects another $2,500 per year in alimony payments. The woman wishes to make a contribution to an Individual Retirement Account this year. Which statement is TRUE
Answer: No contribution can be made
Explanation:
The options to the question are:
a. No contribution can be made
b. A contribution can be made based only on the income received from the trust fund.
c. A contribution can be made based only on the alimony payments received
d. A contribution can be made based on both the income received from the trust fund and the alimony payments received
From the question, we are informed that a divorced woman with 2 young children has a small trust fund that gives her $2,500 a year in income and that she collects another $2,500 per year in alimony payments.
Based on the above analysis, the woman cannot make a contribution to an Individual Retirement Account this year.
Electronic communication:_____.
a. prevents gossip, insults, threats, harassment, and the release of confidential information.
b. enables participants to pick up on subtle, nonverbal, or inflectional clues.
c. always leads to more satisfying negotiations.
d. requires lessening participation in communication to fewer people.
e. can reduce time and expenses devoted to traveling.
Electronic communication can reduce the time and expenses devoted to traveling. option (E) is correct.
What is communication?The transfer of information is the standard definition of communication. The phrase may also be used to describe the message sent through such transmissions or the area of research that focuses on them. There are several differences of opinion regarding its exact definition.
Any form of communication that is broadcast, transmitted, stored, or viewed using electronic media, such as computers, phones, email, and video, is referred to as electronic communication. But each has a particular purpose and is more appropriate in certain circumstances. A few types of electronic communication include email, instant messaging, websites, blogs, text messages, voicemail, and video messaging.
Therefore, option (E) is correct.
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Potential GDP of an economy is $12 billion. Real (Actual) GDP is $20 Billion. Marginal propensity to consume is 0.75. What level of Government spending is required to achieve Full employment
Answer:
Government spending required = $2 billion
Explanation:
The required amount of GDP to achieve the full employment GDP =
Potential GDP - Actual
that is 20 - 12 = $8 billion.
But note that a government spending of less than $8 billion would be required to achieve an increase of 8 billion in real GDP. This is so because of expenditure multiplier effect.
The expenditure multiplier is the amount by which the aggregate output would increase with an increase in any of the expenditure components.
It is calculated as follows;
Multiplier = 1/(1-MPC)
For this question ,
Expenditure multiplier = 1/(1-0.75) = 4
This implies that $1 change in any of the aggregate expenditure would lead a $4 worth of change in GDP.
Government spending required is determined as
Desired change in real GDP/expenditure multiplier
= $8 billion/4 = $2 billion
Government spending required = $2 billion