When a negative externality exists, the marginal social cost is always higher than the marginal private cost. So, the correct answer is option A the private marginal costs are less than social marginal costs.
What is a negative externality?When the manufacturing process has a negative impact on unconnected third parties, this is referred to as a negative production externality. For instance, manufacturing facilities contribute to noise and air pollution throughout the production process.
What happens when a negative externality exists?The marginal social cost and the marginal private cost are no longer equal when a market has negative production externalities. As a result, the supply curve (which indicates the marginal private cost) does not accurately reflect the marginal societal cost and the social cost is instead larger due to the externality's per-unit cost.
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Also, national saving is the income of the nation that is left after paying for . Therefore, national saving (S) is defined as:
Also, national saving is the income of the nation that is left after paying. Therefore, national saving (S) is defined as National saving is the nation's income that is left after paying for current consumption and government purchases, that is: S = Y-C-G
How is national wealth linked to national saving?
The difference between private national wealth and government wealth is known as national saving. A nation's physical assets domestically plus its net overseas assets make up its national wealth.
Why is saving important to the economy?
All other things being equal, a higher personal saving rate will eventually translate into a larger level of physical capital, enabling the economy to create more goods and services. Personal saving also adds to investment.
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Which of the following are ways in which most neo-Freudian theorists differ from Freud, according to the text
Ways that Neo-Freudian theorists differ from Freud include:
B) Sex is emphasized less by neo-Freudians.C) Conscious processes are emphasized more by neo-Freudians.D) They emphasize interpersonal relationships as the source of psychological healthHow do Neo-Freudian theorists differ from Freud?Even though they support a lot of Freud's theories, Neo-Freudian theorists often disagree with some of the former's assertions.
They for instance, do not place as much emphasis on sex and try to focus on interpersonal relationships being a source of psychological health.
Options for this question include:
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Suppose that you know that the price elasticity of demand is 1.3. If we increase the price of this product, then the total revenue will
The way to calculate price elasticity is to divide the change in demand (or supply) by the change in price
PRICE ELASTICITY - If the cost of "World's Greatest Boss" mugs decreases by 10% while the supply decreases by 5%, the PES is.5, and the market is said to be inelastic. The price elasticity of supply (PES) for bobbleheads is 1.3 if the price increases by 15% and the supply increase by 20%.
If the value is one, your product is unit elastic, meaning that changes in price correspond to changes in either supply or demand.
A score larger than one indicates that your product is elastic and that changes in price will result in changes in supply or demand that are not proportional to those changes.
A number of 1 indicates that your product is inelastic, meaning that changes in price will only cause a modest change in either supply or demand.
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Strategies to reduce costs and expenditures, such as the rationing of care, very likely will have an adverse effect on
Strategies to reduce costs and expenditures, such as the rationing of care, very likely will have an adverse effect on quality.
A cost is what?
A cost is a sum expended to purchase an object. It usually refers to a one-time payment for the acquisition of a fixed asset, which is an asset purchased for long-term usage and not easily convertible into cash, such as land, buildings, and equipment. Prepaid expenses, like prepaying for insurance, can also be referred to as costs.
What exactly is an expense?
While costs are typically one-time payments, expenses are better thought of as monthly payments made to support continuing corporate activities. The ability of a corporation to earn revenues depends on these payments. The amount by which revenues or profits surpass operating costs and expenses, or profitability ratios, is directly impacted by spending.
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What is the name for the practice whereby a married woman loses all of her political and economic rights to her husband?.
Coverture is the name for the practice whereby a married woman loses all of her political and economic rights to her husband. Hence, the correct answer is coverture. Read below about coverture.
What is coverture?Coverture was a legal doctrine in the English common law in which a married woman's legal existence was considered to be merged with that of her husband, so that she had no independent legal existence of her own.
Therefore, the correct answer is as given above
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Calea is a nonprofit organization formed by major law enforcement executives’ associations to:______
CALEA is a non-profit organization formed by major law enforcement executives associations to develop standards for police policies and practices.
CALEA stands for the Communication on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies. It is based in the United States, and it was created in 1979 as a non-profit organization, through the joint efforts of law enforcement's major executive associations.
The purpose of CALEA is to develop standards for police policies and practices. It also improves the delivery of public safety services by maintaining a body of professional standards that support the administration of accreditation programs.
Hence, CALEA developed standards for police policies and practices.
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1. You are a small employer wishing to establish a benefits program for your employees. What things should you consider to ensure that the program is a success for your employees?
The program is considered to be success when it is implemented properly.
Employee benefit programs include health and life insurance, preventative doctor care, and the free health checkups, all of which aid employees in maintaining excellent health and fostering wellbeing. These benefits increase employee satisfaction with your company.
Employers have a significant and costly challenge in managing employee benefits. While most companies are required to give mandated benefits such as Social Security payments, worker's compensation insurance, and unemployment insurance, the majority of other benefits are optional and selected by the company.
Therefore, the answer is proper implementation.
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The existence of the federal income tax and the welfare system serve as the primary elements of?
The answer is nondiscretionary fiscal policy.
Nondiscretionary fiscal policy refers to measures that are incorporated into the system to automatically provide expansionary or contractionary stimulus. Nondiscretionary fiscal policy, for example, entails government measures that stimulate the economy when it needs it and deflate it when it needs it.
Nondiscretionary fiscal policy refers to numerous continuing government spending and taxing schemes. These are largely for the purpose of sustaining revenue. They are almost never modified. They consist of social security, welfare, and unemployment benefits.
Unemployment benefits are a common example of nondiscretionary fiscal policy. Payments must rise when the number of jobless rises, which occurs during an economic slowdown. When the jobless return to work as the economy improves, the payments must fall.
Therefore, the answer is non-discretionary fiscal policy.
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Limited professional courtesies are an exception allowed under Stark. The amount allowed for professional courtesies is determined and published annually by .
Limited professional courtesies are an exception allowed under Stark. The amount allowed for professional courtesies is determined and published annually by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS).
What is the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services CMS program?
More than 100 million people are provided with health insurance through the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) through Medicare, Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program, and the Health Insurance Marketplace.
What is the role of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services in health care?
The United States federal organization known as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) collaborates with state governments to run the Medicare program, as well as Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program. Researchers looking for health data have access to a variety of excellent resources through CMS.
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After Hurricane Sandy, FEMA (the Federal Emergency Management Agency) advertised in a New Jersey radio station how people affected by the hurricane could file for assistance. In the political marketplace, the decision makers in FEMA are best characterized as:
After Hurricane Sandy, FEMA (the Federal Emergency Management Agency) advertised on a New Jersey radio station how people affected by the hurricane could file for assistance. In the political marketplace, the decision-makers in FEMA are best characterized as bureaucrats. This is further explained below.
What are bureaucrats?Generally, Officials who operate in a huge administrative system are called bureaucrats.
In conclusion, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) advertised on a New Jersey radio station how residents impacted by Hurricane Sandy may apply for aid after the storm. FEMA's decision-makers are best described as bureaucrats in the political marketplace.
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Is the end-to-end process of managing a supplier through the entire sourcing life cycle?
The answer is the Supplier Relationship Management.
Supplier relationship management (SRM is a methodical way to analyzing suppliers that supply an organization with goods, materials, and services, establishing each supplier's contribution to success, and devising plans to enhance their performance.
The SRM discipline aids in determining the value that each supplier delivers and which ones are most important to company continuity and performance. It also helps managers to establish stronger connections with suppliers depending on the significance of each source.
Therefore, the answer is supplier relationship management.
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To determine whether their employees are doing their jobs efficiently and effectively, managers use:_______
In order to find out if employees are doing their job as they should in an efficient and effective manner, managers use performance management.
What is performance management?This refers to anything that employers do in order to find out how employees are doing as regards helping the company to meet its organizational goals.
These methods go beyond trying to find out how employees are doing as regards work, but also tries to suggest ways that the employees can get better at what they do.
In order to do this, the employees need to be monitored and the process they use to go about their jobs need to be studied. They are then juxtaposed with industry best practicies to make them better.
Performance management is therefore hugely important in companies as it ensures that they meet organization objectives.
In conclusion, this is performance management,
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A government may be able to reduce structural unemployment by
Select one:
O increasing imports
O increasing the money supply
O lowering tax rates
O offering job training programs
Answer:
offering job training programs
Wesson Metals has an outstanding loan that calls for equal annual payments of $9,768.46 over the life of the loan. The original loan amount was $50,000 at an APR of 8.5 percent. How much of the second loan payment is interest
If Wesson Metals has an outstanding loan that calls for equal annual payments of $9,768.46 over the life of the loan. The original loan amount was $50,000 at an APR of 8.5 percent. The amount of the second loan payment interest is:$3,780.93.
Second loan payment interestYear 1
Interest paid = 50000 × 0.085 = $4,250
Principal amount paid =$9,768.46 - $4,250 = $5,518.46
Principal remaining = $50,000 - $5,518.46= $44,481.54
Year 2
Interest paid =Principal remaining × Interest rate
Interest paid = $44,481.54× 0.085 = $3,780.93
Therefore If the original loan amount was $50,000 at an APR of 8.5 percent. The amount of the second loan payment interest is:$3,780.93.
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Which is an advantage of tax-deferred retirement savings?
Answer:
I am not in your course of whatever you are in, so I will give a couple of reasons, hopefully one of them meets your eye.1. Lower your tax bill right now
2. Raise the potential for compounding
3. Save on taxes over the long term
4. Eliminate current taxes on investment gains
5. Support your savings discipline
Explanation:
Explanation for 1.
Tax deductions are powerful financial tools. Making the maximum contributions to your tax-deferred accounts effectively takes a chunk of money you would have paid to the government and lets you keep it now and pay it later. The higher your tax bracket, the more you will save. Even if your income is lower, you may still be able to realize a significant tax benefit by qualifying for the saver’s tax credit. Also, if you don’t have access to an employer-sponsored retirement plan like a 401(k), or you’ve already reached the max contribution limit, you could consider opening an Individual Retirement Account as you might be eligible to realize even more tax benefits.
Explanation for 2.
Compounding is a basic principle of investing. Say you invest money in an account that produces earnings. Any earnings you receive can produce earnings of their own, and the cycle continues over time. Because tax-deferred accounts allow you to invest funds before you pay taxes on them, you give more of your current funds an opportunity to take advantage of this “magical” mechanism.
Explanation for 3.
Many people expect to earn less in retirement than they did in their working years as they downsize and shift to relying on pensions, Social Security and retirement accounts for income. If your income drops, your tax bracket may drop, too. In that case, you could wind up paying less in taxes over time, since your withdrawals in retirement would be taxed at a lower rate than those funds would’ve been when you were working.
Explanation for 4.
Usually, when you sell stocks or other assets that have grown in value since you bought them, you realize a capital gain, which triggers a related tax. But within a tax-deferred account, you can buy and sell assets without triggering any tax at all. You can feel free to make investment moves without worrying about the effect of a sale on your current tax situation ― as long as that money stays in your tax-deferred account.
Explanation for 5.
Except in special cases, withdrawing money from a traditional IRA or employer-sponsored plan before the age of 59½ will come with a 10% early withdrawal penalty. Why is that a good thing? Because one of the biggest impediments to building your retirement savings is the temptation to tap into it early to cover your current expenses. Keeping the money in your tax-deferred account can be a powerful incentive for avoiding early withdrawals.
Hope this helps and have a wonderful day!
Suppose a firm estimates its overall cost of capital for the coming year to be 10%. What might be reasonable costs of capital for average-risk, high-risk, and low-risk projects
The reasonable costs of capital for average-risk, high-risk, and low-risk projects could be found by generating risk-adjusted costs of capital for each category of risk based on the idea of divisional WACC.
What is Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)?The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) of a company is a measure of its total capital cost, which includes debt, common shares, and preferred shares.
Estimation of the reasonable costs of capital or average-risk, high-risk, and low-risk projects could be done in following way-
If a company anticipates that its cost of capital for the upcoming year will be 10%, it should use 10% as the basis for its average risk projects because it will be required to generate returns of at least 10% on each of those projects. A high-risk project often has a higher potential return, while a low-risk project typically has a lower potential return. As a result, the company might decide to set its capital costs for high-risk initiatives at 12 percent and for low-risk ones at 8 percent. The entire risk of the firm's projects will be equal to the 10 percent cost of capital because the average risk project has a 10 percent cost of capital.Similar to this, the company's high-risk initiatives may be placed at a 15 percent cost of capital while the low-risk projects are reduced to a 5 percent cost of capital, depending on how hazardous they are. The ultimate objective is for the firm's portfolio of projects to generate a return of at least 10%, covering the cost of capital used to fund the projects. Although the risk assignment is somewhat arbitrary, it is still preferable to making no adjustments at all.To know more about the weighted average cost of capital and it's purpose, here
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Projects where management has a choice in implementing them are called _____ projects.
They are called non-discretionary project.
A discretionary project is one that needs a governmental entity to apply judgement or consideration in determining whether the project will be authorized or if a permit will be provided.
Non-discretionary projects are those that must be completed or funded by law, policy, health and safety, or court order. These are the steps you must take. For example, reacting to court orders or external proposals such as rights-of-way applications or drilling licenses.
Non-Discretionary Items are expenditures due by the Partnership for taxes, utilities, insurance, debt service, and costs, as well as other payments owed by the Partnership under contracts or agreements.
Therefore, the blank is to be filled by non-discretionary project.
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The real interest rate adjusts the nominal interest rate for:__________.
a.government controls.
b.inflation.
c.exchange rate movements.
d. income growth.
e. none of these are correct.
The real interest rate adjusts the nominal interest rate for inflation. Price increases, or inflation, can be thought of as the gradual loss of purchasing power.
The average price increase of a selection of products and services over time can serve as a proxy for interest rate at which buying power declines. A unit of currency effectively buys less as a result of the increase in pricing. Deflation, which happens when prices fall and buying power rises, can be compared to inflation. Inflation enables a single value representation of the rise in the cost of goods and services over time in an economy.
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Your first morning in your new office, you reflect on what type of manager and leader you hope to be. Which of the following best reflects what you believe about employees and how they can best be led
Employees are more loyal and productive if they feel that their leader is admirable, caring, and ethical.
Here, leadership refers to the manager's behavior toward the staff. The best leaders are those who inspire and drive their subordinates to perform at their highest level. Employee respect and productivity in the workplace will increase if the manager is able to inspire trust in them through effective communication and possesses qualities like being admirable and ethical.
The quantity of goods and services that a group of employees generate in a specific period of time is known as workforce productivity. It is one of a number of productivity metrics used by economists.
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Which of the following is an element of economic forces? a) New production forces b) Health, food, stress c) Competitors and supply chain d) Ethics e) Taxation
Competitors and supply chain is an element of economic forces.
What are economic forces?Economic forces are those factors that assist a firm in terms of its competitiveness in the environment it operates.
Here, economic forces have a direct impact on business and are essential factors that can help an organization in accomplishing its targets.
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For which classification of consumer goods would consumers expend the most effort as they attempt to make just the right choice?
The consumer goods for which the consumer expand the most effort according to convenience ,their shopping preferences which can be either services or the non durable ,durable goods to make correct choice.
Consumer goods are also known as final or the end product. Producer goods are the one used in production processes and are not sold directly to consumers. Whereas, convenience or consumer goods are classified as durable and non durable goods that are consumed on a daily basis available for immediate purchase .
It is, very simply said, the public-facing promotion of your items. Marketing emphasizes focusing on the individual customer, as opposed to organizations that sell your goods on your behalf.
Therefore, the consumer goods for which the consumer expand the most effort according to convenience ,their shopping preferences which can be either services or the non durable ,durable goods to make correct choice.
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A flier outside a community center states that an organization is accepting charitable donations of clothing for families whose homes are damaged by weather. Which action is likely one role of this organization
The action that is likely one role of this charity organization is providing jackets during snowstorms.
Charity organizations can be regarded as those organizations that are devoted to providing help to humanity without expecting any reward from the government.
Therefore, in the case above where people donated clothing for families whose homes are damaged by weather, it is the function of that organization to make the clothes to get to the victims.
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The ________ takes into account such costs as deteriorated customer relations and lost sales
The Full cost view of maintenance takes into account such costs as deteriorated customer relations and lost sales.
a cost that an employer has when they employ someone, in addition to the cost of paying the person's salary or wages. cost is the amount or equivalent paid or charged for something .
Examples of costs are rent and lease costs, salaries, utility bills, insurance, and loan repayments.
Direct, indirect, fixed, and variable are the 4 main kinds of cost.
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A method of community organization that is used to address a problem through the applicatio of pressure is________.
A method of a community organization that is used to address a problem through the application of pressure is social advocacy.
Community organizing is the method of building power by involving a constituency in identifying problems they share and the solutions to those problems that they prefer; identifying the people and structures that could make those solutions possible; enlisting the targets in the effort through negotiation and using confrontation and pressure when needed.
Social advocacy is the act of helping a concept, need, person, or group. It is the concept of empowering a group or institution of individuals to support marketing strategy via sharing content and connecting with a larger target audience.
Social advocacy is what helps corporations and brands build their credibility. It is approximately getting other human beings to recognize and speak about your brand so that it will assist you to develop your audience, as well as improve your popularity.
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Aggregation to qualify for a breakpoint is not available to: a a group of family members in the same household that aggregates investment funds b a single individual who has an accumulated position in a fund and who is making an additional purchase c an investment club that purchases different mutual funds within the same fund family d an individual who purchases funds with different investment objectives in the same fund family review
Aggregation to qualify for a breakpoint is not available to an investment club that purchases different mutual funds within the same fund family. This is further explained below.
What is the investment?Generally, an item purchased or invested in with the purpose of increasing one's wealth and preserving one's financial resources from the hard-earned income or appreciation
In conclusion, An investing club that acquires mutual funds from the same fund family is not eligible for aggregation to qualify for a breakpoint.
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Splitting up a natural monopoly held by a public utility that produces and provides electricity would:____.
The public utility that produces and provides electricity would raise the total cost of production for all and force their profits to zero. A company that functions as a public-service corporation and offers basic services to the general public, such as electricity, telephone service, natural gas, water, or postal services, is referred to as a public utility.
The phrase "public utility" may also refer to the actual service or good, such as water, gas, sewage, etc., that these companies offer to the general public. A natural monopoly generally includes a public utility. A natural monopoly is one that develops when economies of scale make serving customers.
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In introducing the opportunity cost of time into the theory of consumer behavior, we find that, all else equal:______.
a. one should consume less of time-intensive goods.
b. one should consume more of time-intensive goods
c. the consumer's equilibrium position is not altered.
d. the marginal utility derived from each product must be multiplied by consumption time in determining equilibrium.
In introducing the opportunity cost of time into the theory of consumer behavior, we find that, all else equal one should consume less of time-intensive goods.
Opportunity cost of time is actual cost of the time lost in performing one activity instead of another. In other words it is the loss of the time done in choosing an opportunity between the two.
One should consume less time intensive goods because it will save more time.
Theory of consumer behavior is the study of how the people decide to spend their money in the given choices to them according to the budget constraints and individual preferences.
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According to research, which of the following is true about the relationship between diversity in managers and innovation
The statement that is true is : A. At companies with diverse management teams, openness to contributions from lower-level workers and an environment in which employees feel free to speak their minds are crucial for fostering innovation.
What is research?Research can be defined as the process of collecting data or information so as to reach or draw a conclusion.
Hence, based on research, the relationship between diversity in managers and innovation is option A which stated that that companies with diverse management teams, openness to contributions from lower-level workers and an environment in which employees feel free to speak their minds are crucial for fostering innovation.
The missing options are:
A. At companies with diverse management teams, openness to contributions from lower-level workers and an environment in which employees feel free to speak their minds are crucial for fostering innovation.
B. the innovation boost is limited to a single type of diversity, gender based.
C. The positive relationship between management diversity and innovation is statistically not significant.
D. To reach its potential, gender diversity needs to stay as tokenism.
E. Management diversity seems to have a particularly negative effect on innovation at complex companies.
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Southwest Airlines offers vacation packages that include airfare, car rental, and lodging. Southwest is using a(n) ________ pricing strategy.
Southwest Airlines offers vacation packages that include airfare, car rental, and lodging. Southwest is using a(n) bundle pricing strategy.
What is bundle pricing ?
A pricing strategy in which managers offer multiple products or services as a single package ("bundle") is called bundle pricing.
Motivation of bundle pricing:
Particularly useful if your customers' demand is highly variable but price discrimination is impractical.
When consumers' price sensitivity of demand varies widely and market conditions make price discrimination difficult
If customers have diverse tastes, it can increase the seller's profit.
It is a method of simulating perfect price discrimination when perfect price discrimination is not possible or when charging multiple prices for the same product is illegal.
Types:
Simple Bundling: When managers offer multiple products or services in a single package so that customers do not have the option of purchasing package components separately
Mixed Bundling: Allows customers to purchase package components as a whole or separately.
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The following table shows the approximate income distribution for Croatia, Nicaragua, and Haiti in 2016. In particular, it shows the income shares of each fifth of the income distribution.
Based on the income shares of Croatia, Nicaragua, and Haiti, when it come to which nation has the most income, the answer is you cannot tell from this table.
Which nation has the most income?The table simple shows the various percentages of the country's population that are earning a certain amount.
From this table alone, we cannot tell which nation has the most income.
We can infer however, that Croatia has the least income inequality based on the even spread of total income. Haiti then has the most income inequality.
Question is:
Which nation has the most income?
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