A scientist is using a karyotype to investigate a mutation in an organism. Which type of mutation would a karyotype best help to discover

The spinal cord which contains ascending and descending nerve fibers that send information between the CNS and the periphery. The function illustrated by the spinal cord is conduction.

The spinal cord is an extended part of the central nervous system. the spinal cord contains vertebrae which are lined with discs for providing support. But apart from this most importantly the spinal cord contains nerves and nerve fibers that send information to both the central and peripheral nervous system. The pons in the brain is responsible for enhancing the conduction performed by the spinal cord. The pons contain nerve fibers which are responsible for forming tracts that make conduction easier by the spinal cord.

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The problem that we would expect this mouse to have is a tendency to drink more water than normal accompanied by excretion of dilute urine.

The sodium-potassium pump is a protein that has been found in many cells and is responsible for keeping the internal concentration of sodium ions [Na+] lower than that of the surrounding medium (blood, body fluid, or water) and the internal concentration of potassium ions [K+] higher than that of the surrounding medium (blood, body fluid, or water). The adenosine-triphosphatase (ATPase)-active pump travels across the cell membrane and is triggered by both internal and external [K+] and [Na+].

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Correct answer is A. Rouleaux formation is characterized by an increase in ESR.

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Innovations that target NEW markets and represent a major break from existing technologies or ways of thinking, such as the digital camera, the touch-screen smartphone, or the decoding of the human genome, are examples of Radical innovations.

An invention that completely alters or replaces an existing business paradigm is considered radical innovation. Radical innovation, as opposed to architectural or incremental innovation, destroys the current system or process and replaces it with something wholly new.

Examples of radical innovation include the iPhone, which helped to create the present smartphone market, and the integration of sensor technology into farming equipment to provide farmers data they may use to change the farming sector.

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Answer:

fibrous joints is the answer ..

hope it helps...

The circulatory system transports nutrients and oxygen to the cells and takes carbon dioxide and waste products to the lungs and kidneys for elimination.

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Calculating minute ventilation, this formula should be used:

Minute ventilation is the tidal volume times the respiratory rate, usually, 500 mL × 12 breaths/min = 6000 mL/min.

Therefore, the 5mm tube will be calculated as:

500 x 15= 7,500 mL/min.

And the 3mm tube will be calculated as:

65 x 15= 975mL/min

The effect decreasing the tube radius will have on increased resistance and minute ventilation is that there will be a decrease in the tube minute ventilation.

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Answer:

Due to having partly filled d-orbitals transition metals usually show variable valency.

Explanation:

Between the (n-1)d and ns subshells, there is relatively little energy difference. (n-1)d and ns electrons can be found in transition metals.

Transition metals can instantly obtain half-filled and completely filled stable structures after losing a few s and d electrons.

They could have several of these oxidation states.

Since the creation of chemical bonds involves both (n-1) d and ns.

Transitional elements are those belonging to groupings 3 through 12. (or III B to VIII). The term "Transition Metals" refers to a group of 38 elements. Contrary to the majority of Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Non-Metals, Halogens, Metalloids, Lanthanides, and Actinides, Transition Metals are colored both in their compounds and in their pure state. This is due to the crystal structure of the compounds created by the transition metals, which allows them to absorb a certain frequency (color) of visible light and produce a complementary color in return (frequency). Keep in mind that on the color wheel, the complementary color is the one that is opposite to the absorbed color.

Let's say we use crystals of ammonium dichromate (NH4)2Cr2O7 (there is a Chromium atom in one molecule of the compound). Because the molecules in the complex absorb blue light and reflect the complementary color, it appears orange to us (in this case, Orange). Because organic substances absorb light from beyond the visible light spectrum and then simultaneously reflect all of the visible light, we see them as being white or colorless.

The Transition elements are:

That’s it.

The weight of cholesterol is 0.6 g.

Here use the concept of molarity.

The amount of a substance in a specific volume of solution is known as its molarity (M). The moles of a solute per liter of a solution is known as molarity.

Molarity = no. of moles/volume (in L)

Given,

Molarity, M = 5.0 mM = 5 × 10⁻³ M

Volume, V = 315 mL = 315 × 10⁻³ L

To calculate,

Weight of cholesterol =?

We know that,

Molecular mass of cholesterol, C₂₇H₄₆O = 386

No. of moles = weight/ molecular mass

The formula is modified as,

Molarity = weight of cholesterol/ (molecular mass) (Volume)

Put the values in the formula,

5 × 10⁻³ = weight of cholesterol/ (386) (315 × 10⁻³)

Weight of cholesterol = 5 × 10⁻³  (386) (315 × 10⁻³)

                                    = 0.6 g

Hence, the weight of cholesterol is 0.6 g.

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Fibromyalgia syndrome.

Fibromyalgia is the second most common condition affecting your bones and muscles.

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common rheumatoid disorder of the muscles and bones that does not involve the joints. FMS causes pain and fatigue, and people with FMS feel as if their muscles have been pulled or overworked. The condition is often misdiagnosed and misunderstood.

But it does not cause elevated inflammation levels in the bloodstream. It does not cause joint damage and is not organ-threatening. Fibromyalgia is often triggered by a stressful event, including physical stress or emotional (psychological) stress. Possible triggers for the condition include: an injury or a viral infection.

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DF = 1/250 x 1/2

Vt = Et

Vf = final concentration of lactase in the commercial preparation

DF = Vt / Vf

Vf = Vt / DF

Vf = Et / (1/250)(1/2)

Vf = Et x 500

The commercial preparation was first diluted by 1 - 250 to prepare the stock solution, and it was further diluted by 1 -2 by mixing with the substrate stock solution to perform the kinetics experiments.

Therefore, the dilution factor is done when you take whatever you initial volume was - in this case 1mL - and divide it by the new diluted volume - 0.1mL + 25mL. Then we get is 0.1/25.1, which is more easily solved as 1/250.

Since, this was a double dilution, 1mL of the initial dilution was diluted further with 1mL of substrate. So the second dilution factor will be 1/(1+1) = 1/2.

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The product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is used to generate ATP

The chloroplasts' thylakoid membrane experiences a light reaction. Both cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation is involved. During the photochemical phase of photosynthesis, photophosphorylation is the process of producing ATP from ADP and H3PO4 in the presence of light and chlorophyll-a.

ATP is created during cyclic photophosphorylation, and ATP and NADPH2 are produced during non-cyclic photophosphorylation. As water is photolyzed, oxygen is also created.

Therefore, ATP, NADPH2, and O2 are the byproducts of the light process.
By releasing its phosphate groups, the coenzyme ATP helps enzymes like ATP triphosphatase transmit energy to cells.
Therefore, ATP is frequently referred to as the "energy currency of the cell" by biologists. From a biological standpoint, ATP is made up of three parts.

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Answer:

Metaphase is the stage of cell division in a diploid organism if we see seven chromosomes, each consisting of a pair of sister chromatids.

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Meiosis II prophase is the stage of cell division in a diploid organism, each consisting of a pair of sister chromatids

There are four crucial processes that take place during prophase II of meiosis II. These include chromatin condensation into chromosomes, thinning of the nuclear envelope, centrosome movement to either pole and re-building of the spindle apparatus. Centrosomes do not exist in every cell, though.

Both of the daughter cells that were created during meiosis I go through meiosis II. The process of cell division starts right away because DNA replication does not occur during this second meiotic stage. Prophase II sets up the cell for meiosis II, which results in the production of four haploid cells, each of which has half the genetic material that was previously present in the original, duplicated diploid cell.

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Explanation:

Definition: A biomolecule is a chemical compound found in living organisms. These include chemicals that are composed of mainly carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus. Biomolecules are the building blocks of life and perform important functions in living organisms

According to the research, this new species most likely belongs to the Protista kingdom since it has a defined nucleus.

They are unicellular or multicellular microorganisms that, for the most part, feed autotrophically, and that, on the other hand, cannot be included in the remaining three kingdoms of eukaryotes.

It can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic by photosynthesis, although many of them combine both forms of nutrition and have chloroplasts, mitochondria, a defined nucleus, among other structures.

Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, this new species most likely belongs to the Protista kingdom since it has a defined nucleus.

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Mitochondria contain circular strands of DNA similar to that found in many prokaryotes.Most important are those striking similarities between prokaryotes and mitochondria.

Each mitochondria is its own circular DNA genome like a bacteria's genome , but that is much smaller than mitochondria genome. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in size to prokaryotic cells and their division by splitting /fission similar to prokaryotes.

Prokaryotes lack mitochondria ATP present on their cell membrane surface.Bacteria and mitochondria are also similar in the light of genetic elements -both contain circular DNA  and divide through fission. Mitrochondria have plump,jellybeans like shapes which is similar to rod shaped bacilli bacteria.

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Dihybrid cross ,the alleles used to form the zygote were the same. A mating experiment between two organism that are identically hybrid for two traits. Hetrozygous individuals ,used two different alleles to form the zygote.

Its a cross between two individuals with two observed traits that controlled by two different genes. This idea was developed by Gregor Mendal when he study on pea plants that were yellow or green and either round or wrinkled.

Dihybrid cross  genotypic ratio is 1:2:1. Third cross of two heterozygous parents and phenpotypic ratio is 9:3:3:1. It is class Mendelian ratio for a dihybrid cross in which alleles of different genes are independently into gametes.

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The boxes that contain the dominant allele are counted and multiplied by 100 to obtain the percentage probability of the inheritance of each trait.

The Punnet square is used in genetics to determine the percentage probability of the inheritance of each of the traits represented in the square.

The square is divided into four connected by lines the number of boxes having the dominant allele is divided by 4 and multiplied by hundred and the percentage probability of the inheritance of each of the traits  is obtained.

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Answer:

It's very important because it helps in converting inert nitrogen gas into a usable form for the plants through the biochemical process. In the process of ammonification, the bacteria help in decomposing the animal and plant matter, which indirectly helps to clean up the environment.

Explanation:

Answer:

The nitrogen cycle is a biogeochemical process in which nitrogen, in various forms, is circulated from the atmosphere to the living organisms and later back to the atmosphere. Living organisms require nitrogen for the synthesis of nucleic acid and proteins. The atmosphere contains almost 78% of the nitrogen in an inert form (N2). Living organisms cannot use this nitrogen unless it is converted to ammonia, nitrates, and other usable compounds of nitrogen.

The nitrogen cycle is a cyclic process where the nitrogen travels from the inorganic form in the atmosphere to the organic way in the living organisms. The nitrogen cycle contains several steps, including nitrogen fixation, assimilation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification. This cycle is essential in maintaining a proper ecological balance and is present in both marine and terrestrial ecosystems.

A Final statement or concluding statement PALA may activate ATCase at low Asp concentrations and saturating CP concentrations .

According to the Statement:

Instead of activation, inhibition occurs when PALA or Asp concentrations are high. The activation generated by low concentrations of PALA can be explained by the MWC model. The majority of the population of the enzyme does not transition to the R state at low Asp concentrations because the Asp concentration is insufficient to encourage this transition. As a result, the majority of the enzyme population is in the low-activity, low-affinity T state.

On the other hand, PALA binding, because of the way its structure resembles the transition state structure of the process, is able to keep the enzyme in the high-activity, high-affinity R state.

As a result, activity increases at low concentrations of PALA; but, as PALA concentration rises, more and more of the active sites are replaced by the non-hydrolyzable bisubstrate analog, and activity falls. At high Asp concentrations and a saturating CP concentration, PALA activation is not seen.

PALA binding just blocks the active site to which it binds and reduces activity because the enzyme population is already in the R state under these circumstances.

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A Final statement or concluding statement PALA may activate ATCase at low Asp concentrations and saturating CP concentrations .

However, increasing the concentration of PALA or Asp results in inhibition rather than activation. The MWC model can explain the activation caused by low amounts of PALA.

Because the Asp concentration is inadequate to promote the transition to the R state for the majority of the enzyme population at low Asp concentrations, the enzyme remains mostly in the low-activity, low-affinity T state. PALA binding, on the other hand, is able to maintain the enzyme in the high-activity, high-affinity R state because its structure mirrors the transition state structure of the process.

The concerted shift to the R state frees up the majority of active sites, allowing them to react with substrates and produce products, while a minority of active sites bound with PALA are inactive yet keep the enzyme in the R state.

As a result, activity rises at low PALA concentrations; but, as PALA concentration increases, more and more of the active sites are replaced by the non-hydrolyzable bisubstrate analog, and activity decreases. PALA activation is not detected at high Asp concentrations and a saturating concentration of CP.

Because the enzyme population is already in the R state under these conditions, PALA binding merely blocks the active site to which it binds and decreases activity.

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The thin skin that appears to form on the water’s surface occurs because of capillarity.

Capillarity is a physical property of water (H2O) associated with the movement of its molecules.

Capillarity refers to the propensity of water molecules to ascend and decay due to surface tension.

In conclusion, the thin skin that appears to form on the water is due to capillarity.

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When people are asked to rate one of their own personality traits, they generally tend to rate at a higher scale for the trait when compared to others.

Self overestimation refers to the judgment calculation which tends to be excessively favorable for the person who is comparing with others.

Self overestimation is a common problem when people need to have a conception of a particular trait of the feature, , but this phenomenon is associated with biases that distort the real value of the trait.

In conclusion, when people are asked to rate one of their own personality traits, they generally tend to rate at a higher scale for the trait when compared to others.

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Molecules that absorb light energy are called pigment.

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Our actual respiratory capacity is 12- 20 breaths per minute as much as our 'normal' breathing.

Normal respiration rates for an adult person at rest range from 12 to 16 breaths per minute. Respiration rate is measured as the number of complete breaths counted in 30 seconds. The respiration rate in females is generally faster than in males. One breath equals one inhalation and one exhalation. The respiration rate is measured as the number of complete breaths counted in 1 minute.

Respiration rate depends on fundamental vital sign that is sensitive to different health conditions for example adverse cardiac events, pneumonia, and clinical deterioration .other factors include emotional stress, cognitive load, heat, cold, and exercise-induced fatigue.

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Answer: plasma membrane

Explanation:

Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules down a concentration gradient through a semi-permeable membrane. Active transport is the movement of a substance against a concentration gradient.

Osmosis is the automatic net movement or diffusion of solvent molecules through a selectively-permeable membrane from a part of high water possibility (region of lower solute concentration) to parts of low water potential (region of higher solute concentration), in the order that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.

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Adaptive radiation is the term for biodiversity that results from a few ancestral species.

The term biodiversity (from “biological diversity”) guides to the mixture of life on Earth at all its levels, from genes to ecosystems, and can contain the evolutionary, ecological, and cultural functions that sustain life.

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Answer:

bones protect vital organs

Explanation:

there are approx 200+ bones only on average, hence the first is out

bike is produced in the bike duct which acts to break down fats into simpler substance for the body to intake

red blood cells are produced and stored in the bones and not carbohydrates

the smallest bone is found in your ear, hence the last one is out

In the study of Gigord and colleagues using Elderflower orchids, the allele frequencies of yellow and purple flowers varied such that when the yellow allele started to become rare, the reproductive success of purple flowers decreased and the reproductive success of yellow-flowered individuals increased in a process known as frequency-dependent selection.

Frequency-dependent selection is an evolutionary process in which the fitness of a phenotype or genotype is dependent on the frequency of that phenotype or genotype in a particular population.

In a broader sense, frequency-dependent selection involves biological interactions that make the fitness of an individual dependent on the frequencies of other genotypes or phenotypes within the population.

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