Disruption of axonal transport would be a good target for his drug.
What is disruption of axonal transport?Axonal transport defects are among the early molecular events leading to neurodegeneration in mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).Gene expression profiles indicate that dynactin-1 mRNA is downregulated in degenerating spinal motor neurons of autopsied patients with sporadic ALS. Disruption of axonal transport also underlies the pathogenesis of spinal muscular atrophy and hereditary spastic paraplegias.The neurotoxin β,β′-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) selectively disrupts slow axonal transport without affecting fast anterograde or retrograde axonal transport.Impairment of slow axonal transport causes a proximal accumulation of neurofilaments. Because neurofilaments regulate axonal diameter, this accumulation leads to a marked swelling of the axon.Acrylamide causes decreased axonal transport, also causing proximal accumulations of neurofilaments and swelling.To learn more about axonal transport,
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What are important functions of fiber in the body?
Answer:
Fiber helps to prevent constipation in the human digestive system.
Explanation:
According to nutritionists fiber is very important in digestion as it increases the amount of stool , hence prompting for deification which generally reduces the amount of time waste stays in the small intestines .
Another reason is that it gets in touch with the schist that has been rejected or is of no value to the system and binds it to make it compact waste hence it is easier to move along the small intestine and the colon .
Finally it facilitates movement and exercise of the bowel , by prompting regular movement .
Which of the following is correct about
the layers of the rainforest and its
contents?
A. The canopy is the lowest layer of the rainforest and is
mostly plants that are low to the ground.
B. The ground layer of plants receives abundant sunlight.
C. There are very few vines in the rainforest.
D. The canopy consists of very tall trees that block
sunlight from lower layers.
The true statement regarding the layers of the rainforest and its contents is: the canopy consists of very tall trees that block sunlight from lower layers (option D).
What is a forest?A forest is a dense and uncultivated tract of trees and undergrowth, larger than woods.
A forest can be described as an area of land that is predominantly made up of trees and few grasses.
The forest region is categorized as follows:
Canopy or upper stratumMiddle layerForest floorHowever, the canopy consists of very tall trees that block sunlight from lower layers.
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Which human action has not lead to significant changes in earth’s biomes? a. agriculture b. burial practices c. pollution d. large-scale fishing
A model cell with damaged DNA was created to explain the importance of checkpoints in a cell cycle. The G2 checkpoint accidentally failed to work during experimentation. What do you think is the likely consequence of this failure?
If the G2 phase accidentally failed to work during experimentation. The cell continued to divide uncontrollably to create more damaged cells.
G2 phase also known as growth 2 phase is the shortest phase of interphase. It is at this time that the proteins and organelles needed for cell division are created. To divide the cell in half and separate the chromosomes, the cell needs a lot of proteins and other materials. During G2/M, phospholipid metabolism ceases The G2 phase is when the organism checks to make sure that any newly formed cells are healthy. The following factors are checked at G2 phase:1. DNA damage: Particular proteins gather at the locations of DNA breaks. The cell won't divide if these proteins are present.
2. DNA replication: If not all DNA strands have been fully duplicated during DNA replication, the cell will stop dividing.
3. Evaluation of the state of the cell: Enough proteins, organelles, and other structures must be present.
Thus if the G2 phase gets damaged then the cell will divide uncontrollably to create more damaged cells.
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Which of the following types of babies are most likely to be outwardly unaffected by a caregiver leaving or returning
Avoidant attachment types of babies are most likely to be outwardly unaffected by a caregiver leaving or returning.
Avoidant attachment
The way you typically behave or think when interacting with others is known as your avoidant attachment style. Your attachment type is influenced by the early interactions you have with your parents or other primary caregivers. Your attachment style may be secure, anxious, avoidant, disorganized, or another type depending on how attentive and connected these caregivers were to you. In trying to keep the peace and their caregiver near by, the youngster ignores their own challenges and wants. They still experience difficulties and negative emotions like anxiety or depression, but they do it on their own and downplay their significance. Through maturity, a person's attachment style frequently persists, which may have an effect on their friendships, romantic connections, and other connections. The avoidant attachment patterns present in today's population are about 30%.
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Which answer correctly compares the primary transcript in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell with the functional mRNA
The size of the primary transcript in the nucleus of the eukaryotic cell is longer than the size of the functional mRNA.
The primary mRNA transcript present in the nucleus is obtained from DNA template sequence transcription. The primary transcript is said to be inactive due to the presence of some non-functional regions (introns) within.
To obtain a functional mRNA from the primary transcript, introns are spliced or removed from the primary transcript with the help of RNA alternative splicing. This leads to the joining of the functional segments (exons) in the mRNA transcript. This joint segment of exons is the modified active form of primary transcript known as the functional mRNA, which is comparatively shorter in length.
Hence, we can conclude that the size of the functional mRNA is shorter than the primary transcript in a eukaryotic cell.
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The condensation of a nucleoside triphosphate with a hexose 1-phosphate to form a sugar nucleotide has a small positive free-energy change. why is this condensation metabolically irreversible?
Condensation of nucleoside triphosphate with a hexose 1 phosphate to form a sugar nucleotide has a small free energy change and this condensation is irreversible because the reaction releases PPi, which is rapidly hydrolyzed by inorganic pyrophosphatase (highly exergonic).
PPi is kept low, making first step favorable & ensures results favorable energy change (exergonic) therefore formation of sugar nucleotides drives the reaction forward / is metabolically irreversible.
Reaction is strongly exergonic, due to coupling with hydrolysis of pyrophosphate (rapid removal of product shifts equilibrium forward to make reaction favorable).
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Stomach acidity is in the range of ph 1 to 2. How might this inhibit the growth of ingested bacteria?
Stomach acidity is in the range of pH 1 to 2 because of the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCL) and pepsin.
Cells in the stomach are responsible for the secretion of HCL in the stomach lumen.For the clearance of ingested bacteria, a particular range of pH is required. HCl and pepsin present in the gastric lumen can kill the bacteria within 15 min if the pH of the lumen gets maintained below 3. If the pH of the lumen increased by 4, it can cause bacterial overgrowth and the establishment of infection.
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What are the four main types of tissue?
A. epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve
B. fast, slow, rushed, and delayed
C. critical, irrelevant, essential, and nonessential
D. liver, pancreas, intestinal, and respiratory
Answer:
The four main types of tissue are :
A. Epithelial, connective, muscle and nerve.
Hope it helps!
in humans, advanced aging mimics many symptoms of mitochondrial dysfunction. This provides support for:
The mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as one of the key hallmarks aging process and is linked to the development of numerous age-related pathologies including metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases and cancer.
Mitochondrial dysfunctionChronic (long-term), hereditary, and frequently inherited ailments known as mitochondrial illnesses take place when mitochondria are unable to create enough energy for the body to function normally. When a condition is inherited, it indicates that parents have passed it on to their offspring. In addition to developing at any age, mitochondrial illnesses can be present at birth.
Affected organs by mitochondrial illnesses include the brain, nerves, muscles, kidneys, heart, liver, eyes, ears, and pancreas. They can also affect the cells of the kidneys. When the mitochondria don't perform as well as they should as a result of another illness or condition, mitochondrial dysfunction arises.
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After atp donates a phosphate group to a coupled reaction, then it becomes adp. The adp:
The ADP can be recharged with the uptake of energy to form ATP.
How does ADP get recharged?
Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is the energy-carrying molecule used by cells because it has a rapid rate of energy release.
When the end phosphate is taken out, ATP releases energy. ADP (adenosine diphosphate), a low-energy molecule, is created when ATP releases energy.
These molecules can be recharged, ensuring that all of the cell's metabolic pathways have access to a steady stream of ATP that is high in energy.
To provide a reaction with the necessary energy, nearly all cellular functions require ATP.
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The ______ collects the urine produced by a single kidney lobe
Answer:
minor calyx
Explanation:
Durairajanayagam D, Agarwal A, Ong C. Causes, effects and molecular mechanisms of testicular heat stress. Reproductive biomedicine online. 2015 Jan 1;30(1):14-27.
Temperature affects spermatogenesis, which functions best at body temperatures just a little lower than those.
Abstract:To keep testicular temperatures below those of the body core, adequate thermoregulation is essential. The process of mammalian spermatogenesis and the resulting spermatozoa are negatively impacted by elevated testicular temperature. Therefore, sperm quality can be affected and the likelihood of infertility is increased by thermoregulatory dysfunction resulting in heat stress. This article reviews a variety of internal and external factors that may lead to testicular heat stress. We go into more detail on how heat stress affects the spermatogenesis process, the resulting epididymal spermatozoa, germ cells, and the alterations that result in the testis.
We also go over the chemical reactions of germ cells to heat exposure and potential processes, such as apoptosis, DNA damage, and autophagy, that could lead to heat-induced germ cell damage. Further explanation is provided for the intrinsic and extrinsic processes involved in the complex mechanism of germ cell death. These intricate apoptotic pathways ultimately result in the demise of germ cells.
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How do stabilizing and disruptive selection differ? how do stabilizing and disruptive selection differ?
Disruptive selection is made of natural selection which favor both extreme phenotype and both from one extreme in directional selection. Stabilizing selection is favors the middle phenotype, average trait value over two extreme trait values.
Both the selection are disruptive selection favors phenotype while stabilizing selection favors average phenotype in population , eliminating both extreme.Disruptive selection also known as diversifying selection.
Stabilizing selection is natural selection pursue population towards the average or median . Normally environment favors average phenotype within a population.Both are two natural selection , affect the distribution of phenotype within a population,Applies to a phenotype trait.
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What is the natural treatment (fruit name) to remove the kidney stone?
Answer:
Pomegranate
Explanation:
Especially Pomegranate juice
hope it helps
Answer:
Try pomegranate juice.
Explanation:
Pomegranate is often used to treat conditions like ulcers and diarrhea, and it may also be beneficial in treating kidney stones because it decreases calcium oxalate and is also rich in antioxidants. Antioxidants help prevent and reduce oxidative stress, which is linked to kidney stone formation.
Hope it helps Raj! :)
Neurons in the LGN have __________ receptive fields. center-surround side-by-side columnar ill-defined ambiguous
Neurons in the LGN have center-surround receptive fields. center-surround side-by-side columnar ill-defined ambiguous.
What is neuron?Neurons are used to transmit information. Through electrical impulses and chemical signals, they communicate both inside the brain and between the brain and the rest of the nervous system. Neurons are the fundamental building components of the brain and nervous system. They are the cells that take in sensory data from the outside world, transmit motor commands to our muscles, and at each step along the way, transform and relay electrical impulses. Although the majority of neurons are found in the central nervous system, numerous sensory neurons are also found in sensory organs like the retina and cochlea.Neurons are nervous system cells that communicate information to other nerve, muscle, and gland cells. Axons, dendrites, and a cell body make up the majority of neurons. The nucleus and cytoplasm are found inside the cell body.Learn more about neuron here:
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Rene and Don are discussing the purpose of nutrients. Rene says that nutrients participate in chemical reactions and can change the taste of food. Don says nutrients act as structural materials for cells and provide the body with energy. Who is correct
Answer:
Don
Explanation:
nutrients help energize the body
Which is the best definition of directional selection? a process by which two species can no longer reproduce a process by which one of the extreme variations of a trait is favored a process by which both extreme variations of a trait are favored a process by which average individuals in a population are favored
A process by which one of the extreme variations of a trait is favored.
What is directional selection?A population tends to evolve toward one end of a trait range due to a natural process called directional selection. Some characteristics, like eye color, are discrete and have distinct variations, but other characteristics are continuous and have a large range of almost infinite values (think height). Only one variety will be chosen for a specific attribute under directed selection (only blue eyes).
The highest or lowest value of a continuous feature will be chosen if a directional selection is applied (only tall people). When a population is subjected to directional selection over time, the qualities that are selected for will remain stable while the traits that are selected against will disappear.
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Answer:
b
Explanation:
b
Based on the assumption that individuals seek to maximize the return (in calories and nutrients) on their labor, __________ is a model used by anthropologists to how food-collectors decide which animals and plants to hunt or collect and which to ignore,.
Based on the assumption that individuals seek to maximize the return (in calories and nutrients) on their labor, age and gender is a model used by anthropologists to how food collectors decide which animals and plants to hunt or collect and which to ignore.
What is the meaning of "Labor"?In its most basic sense, the term "labor" refers to employment that requires heavy manual labor, typically performed by unskilled laborers. However, the term "labor" in economics refers to manual labor. It also requires mental effort. In other words, work that is done physically or mentally in exchange for payment is considered labor.
What exactly does an anthropological do?When it comes to human origins, physical, social, linguistic, and cultural development, behavior, and the cultures, organizations, and institutions that people have built over time, anthropologists study, assess, and help shape public policy.
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A ____________________ reaction is a severe response to an allergen, also known as anaphylaxis.
Anaphylaxis, also called allergic or anaphylactic shock, is a sudden, severe and life-threatening allergic reaction that involves the whole body. The reaction is marked by constriction of the airways, leading to difficulty breathing.
Anaphylaxis is a severe, whole-body allergic reaction to a chemical that has become an allergen. An allergen is a substance that can cause an allergic reaction.
Anaphylactic shock is a rare but severe allergic reaction that can be deadly if you don't treat it right away. It's most often caused by an allergy to food, insect bites, or certain medications. A shot of a drug called epinephrine is needed immediately.
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To perform a certain type of blood analysis, lab technicians must perform two procedures. The first procedure requires either one or two separate steps, and the second procedure requires either one, two, three or four steps. How many experimental outcomes exist for the blood analysis experiment?
The number of experimental outcomes for the given blood analysis experiment is eight (8).
What is an experimental outcome?Experiment is a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.
After the experiment, the result of the random experiment is known. An outcome is a result of a random experiment.
For the given experiment,
Procedure 1 [n(P1)] can be done one or two steps.
Procedure 2 [n(P2)] can be done in one, two, three or four steps.
So the total number of outcomes (N) in this experiment is;
n(P1)= 2 and n(P2)= 4
N= n(P1) *n(P2)
N= 2*4= 8
The total number of experimental outcomes can also be calculated as (x,y) where ‘x’ is a number of steps of Procedure 1 and ‘y’ is a number of steps of Procedure 2.
Suppose (x,y)= (1,1) means one step is performed of Procedure 1 and one for Procedure 2.
Therefore, (1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4) i.e. 8 are the possible outcomes.
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Bilirubin competes with some drugs for the same binding site on plasma proteins. What effect would an increased concentration of bilirubin in the blood have on the potential activity of this drug
An increased concentration of bilirubin in the blood have on the potential activity of this drug will be The fraction of bound drug would decrease thereby increasing potential activity.
The body creates bilirubin as a byproduct of the breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs). The bile duct contains the bilirubin once it has traveled to the liver. Bilirubin is ultimately eliminated by the body through stools. Brown and yellow bilirubin is the pigment that gives feces their brown hue.The RBCs regularly replenish and have a lifespan of approximately 120 days. Hemoglobin, which is found in RBCs, aids in the movement of oxygen throughout the body. Each cell's hemoglobin is stripped of iron, allowing the cells to degrade into bilirubin and other compounds. Albumin, a straightforward protein, helps the bilirubin reach the liver.learn more about bilirubin here: https://brainly.com/question/16639934
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A hypothesis is an educated guess based upon observation. It is an explanation of a single event based upon what is observed. A hypothesis has not been proved but can be supported by experimentation.
a) Suppose that out of 10 trees planted in a yard, only five survived. What kind of hypothesis could you make about this observation or event? Remember that a hypothesis needs to have a certain format. (2 points)
b)How could you test this hypothesis? What type of experiment could you perform? (2 points)
c) How would this hypothesis be different from a scientific law? Review the definitions of law and hypothesis to help you. (2 points)
A hypothesis is an experimental based on scientific observation and has explanation
A hypothesis differs from scientific law because it is highly induces tentative explanation based on observation while a scientific law is a statement that summarizes the relationship between different variables.
What is hypothesis?Hypothesis is proposed explanation for a particular observation.
So therefore, a hypothesis is an experimental based on scientific observation and has explanation
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In erik erikson's theory, adults strive for generativity to achieve a sense of _______.
Immortality is the answer.
Erikson argued that personality develops in a predetermined order through eight stages of psychosocial development from early childhood to adulthood. At each stage, a person experiences a psychosocial crisis that can have a positive or negative impact on personality development.
Erikson's theory was different from many other theories because it addressed lifelong development, including old age. Older people need to look back on their lives and feel fulfilled. Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, and failure leads to regret, suffering, and despair.
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When any of your body cells becomes infected with a pathogen, to what protein do the foreign peptides become attached that initiates the immune response
Interferons
Virally infected cells produce and release small proteins called interferons, which play a role in immune protection against viruses.
What are Interferons ?Interferons prevent replication of viruses, by directly interfering with their ability to replicate within an infected cell.
They also act as signalling molecules that allow infected cells to warn nearby cells of a viral presence – this signal makes neighbouring cells increase the numbers of MHC class I molecules upon their surfacesSo that T cells surveying the area can identify and eliminate the viral infection.Learn more about Interferons here:
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Explain how extraction of aluminium from bauxite may contribute to the acidification of water.
Carbon dioxide produced in the extraction of aluminum from bauxite may contribute to the acidification of water.
How does extraction of aluminum from bauxite may contribute to the acidification of water?The extraction of aluminum from bauxite occurs in two steps.
Bauxite is first purified to produce alumina. Aluminum is then obtained from alumina by electrolysis. During the electrolytic process, carbon dioxide is produced at the anodes. This carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form carbonic acid resulting un the acidification of water.
In conclusion, the extraction of aluminum is from the ore bauxite.
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Answer:
Carbon dioxide produced in the extraction of aluminum from bauxite may contribute to the acidification of water.
How does extraction of aluminum from bauxite may contribute to the acidification of water?
The extraction of aluminum from bauxite occurs in two steps.
Bauxite is first purified to produce alumina. Aluminum is then obtained from alumina by electrolysis. During the electrolytic process, carbon dioxide is produced at the anodes. This carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form carbonic acid resulting un the acidification of water.
In conclusion, the extraction of aluminum is from the ore bauxite.
Drag each label to the appropriate position to identify whether the structure contains oxygenated or deoxygenated blood.
Deoxygenated: jugular vein, superior vena cava, right atrium, great cardiac vein, pulmonary trunk and arteries. Oxygenated: descending aorta, left ventricle, coronary arteries, carotid artery.
How does the circulatory system work?Two circuits compose the circulatory system
Lung circulation
1- Deoxygenated blood goes from the heart to the lungs where releases CO₂
2- Blood gets oxygenated again by absorbing O₂.
3- CO₂ is exhaled and oxygenated blood returns to the heart.
Systemic circulation
1- Oxygenated blood moves to all tissues.
2- Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart.
You will find the image in the attached files.
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Staphylococcus bacteria are commonly present in the human nasal cavity and rarely cause disease in the upper respiratory system. Which type of symbiosis does this represent
Staphylococcus bacteria are commonly present in the human nasal cavity and rarely cause disease in the upper respiratory system. Which type of symbiosis does this represent commensalism.
What is staphylococcus bacteria?Numerous virulence factors, including hemolysins, leukocidins, proteases, enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins, and immune-modulating substances, are produced by the bacterium aureus. During growth, these factors' expression is strictly controlled.Molecules with phagocyte-destructive potential. The measles virus has the ability to weaken the immune system, deactivating host defenses.Numerous poisons, immune evasion mechanisms, and a wide range of protein.Non-protein substances that promote host colonization during infection are among them.
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How do cells become different types of tissues that work together in organ systems?.
How would an increase in the sympathetic nervous system increase stroke volume? decreased end diastolic volume increased end systolic volume increased contractility increased end diastolic volume
The correct answer is (c) increased contractility which increases the stroke volume.
Stroke volume is the blood volume that is pumped by left ventricle of heart during each systolic contraction or the difference in end diastolic and end systolic volume. Sympathetic nerves arise in the intermediolateral nucleus of lateral grey column near the middle of spinal cord.
Increase in the sympathetic nervous system increases the myocardial contractility because sympathetic nerves innervate the myocardium which as a result increases the stroke volume and heart rate and ultimately a higher cardiac output is observed.
Therefore, with increase in sympathetic nervous system stronger contactility is observed which results in higher stroke volume.
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