Answer:
Step 1:
OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection.
OSI model was developed by the International Organization for Standardization(ISO). It is a reference model for how applications communicate over a network. The OSI model characterizes computing functions into a universal set of rules and requirements in order to support interoperability between different products and software.
The OSI model can be considered as a universal language for computer networking. It is based on the concept of divide and conquers, it splits up the communication system into 7 abstract layers, and the layer is stacked upon the previous layer.
Layers of OSI Model:
OSI model has seven layers which are as follows:
The Physical LayerThe Data Link LayerThe Network LayerThe Transport LayerThe Session LayerThe Presentation LayerThe Application LayerStep 2
Routers – A router is a device like a switch that routes data packets based on their IP addresses. Router is mainly a Network Layer device. Routers normally connect LANs and WANs together and have a dynamically updating routing table based on which they make decisions on routing the data packets. Router divide broadcast domains of hosts connected through it.
Gateway – A gateway, as the name suggests, is a passage to connect two networks together that may work upon different networking models. They basically work as the messenger agents that take data from one system, interpret it, and transfer it to another system. Gateways are also called protocol converters and can operate at any network layer. Gateways are generally more complex than switch or router.
Switch – A switch is a multiport bridge with a buffer and a design that can boost its efficiency(a large number of ports imply less traffic) and performance. A switch is a data link layer device. The switch can perform error checking before forwarding data, that makes it very efficient as it does not forward packets that have errors and forward good packets selectively to correct port only. In other words, switch divides collision domain of hosts, but broadcast domain remains same.
Which device will be used if you face an issue of weak signals during transmission.
Router device will be useful mostly for issue of weak signals during transmissin.
Mention on which level of OSI model these devices will work efficiently.
All these three devices router, gateway and switch work efficiently at hardware layers such as physical layer, datalink layer and network layer.
Step 3
Transmission impairment:
In the data communication system, analog and digital signals go through the transmission medium. Transmission media are not ideal. There are some imperfections in transmission mediums. So, the signals sent through the transmission medium are also not perfect. This imperfection cause signal impairment.
It means that signals that are transmitted at the beginning of the medium are not the same as the signals that are received at the end of the medium that is what is sent is not what is received. These impairments tend to deteriorate the quality of analog and digital signals.
There are three main causes of impairment are,
Attenuation
Distortion
Noise
1.Attenuation:
Here attenuation Means loss of energy that is the weaker signal. Whenever a signal transmitted through a medium it loses its energy, so that it can overcome by the resistance of the medium.
That is why a wire carrying electrical signals gets warm, if not hot, after a while. Some of the electrical energy is converted to heat in the signal.
Amplifiers are used to amplify the signals to compensate for this loss.
2.Distortion:
If a signal changes its form or shape, it is referred to as distortion. Signals made up of different frequencies are composite signals. Distortion occurs in these composite signals.
Each component of frequency has its propagation speed traveling through a medium and therefore, different components have different delay in arriving at the final destination.
It means that signals have different phases at the receiver than they did at the source.
3. Noise:
Noise is another problem. There are some random or unwanted signals mix up with the original signal is called noise. Noises can corrupt the signals in many ways along with the distortion introduced by the transmission media.
Noise may be divided into four categories:
Thermal noiseIntermediation noiseCrosstalkImpulse noiseWhat operator must be overloaded if you want to use the standard library sort with a class such as Time
The operator that must be overloaded if you want to use the standard library sort with a class such as Time is <.
What is an Overload operator?In computer programming, operator overloading, is known to be a kind of ad hoc polymorphism that entails different operators where they have different kinds of implementations based on their arguments.
Hence, The operator that must be overloaded if you want to use the standard library sort with a class such as Time is <.
See full question below
What operator must be overloaded if you want to use the standard library sort with a class such as Time?
A) ==
B) >
C) <
D) All of these
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Help me in this work sheet
The correct matching of the given computer components/commands are:
Input- Data given to the computerOutput- Result provided by the CPUProcessing- CPU Data storage- MemoryWhat is Input?This refers to the process of giving raw data to a computer system that needs processing to be done to it.
Hence, we can see that based on the computer components and commands given in the image have all been correctly matched.
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While working on a Windows workstation, you've enabled Remote Desktop.
Which of the following ports MUST be opened in the server's firewall to allow remote clients to access the desktop?
a) 3389
b) 389
c) 110
d) 123
The ports that MUST be opened in the server's firewall to allow remote clients to access the desktop is 3389,
What is the port of a computer?A port in computer hardware is known to be a form of a jack or socket that is said to be used when a piece of software is known to be translated or converted to be used or run on another hardware or operating system (OS).
Note that The ports that MUST be opened in the server's firewall to allow remote clients to access the desktop is 3389.
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A designer wraps up a final prototype of a language learning app in Adobe XD, and wants to share their work with the development team. Before they publish the prototype on the cloud, they name the file: LanguageApp-Version-Final. Does this file name reflect best practices
In the case above, file name do not reflect best practices and as such it is No. A file name must include the date, the author, and the version number.
Why should a filename reflect its contents?A file name is known to be the key identifier of a file and a Good file name need to present some clues in regards to its content, status and version.
Hence, In the case above, file name do not reflect best practices and as such it is No. A file name must include the date, the author, and the version number.
See options below
Does this file name reflect best practices?1 point
Yes. A file name should include the project name and version.
No. A file name must include the date, the author, and the version number.
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Imagine a mythical set of protocols with the following details. Maximum Link-Layer data frame: 1,008 bytes Network-Layer header size: 40 bytes Transport-Layer header size: 15 bytes What is the size, in bytes, of the MSS
Since there is 1,008 bytes Network-Layer header size: 40 bytes Transport-Layer header size: 15 bytes the size, in bytes is 953.
What is the Network-Layer about?Given that
Layer data frame:
1,008 bytes- Network-Layer header size: 40 bytes - Transport-Layer header size: 15 bytes - Transport-Layer header size:Therefore:
1,008 - 40 - 15 = 953
In the case above, one just need to subtract the header sizes from the data frame and thus have the answer.
Therefore, Since there is 1,008 bytes Network-Layer header size: 40 bytes Transport-Layer header size: 15 bytes the size, in bytes is 953.
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An engineer plans to acquire data from a disk. The disk is connected to the forensics workstation and is ready for the engineer. Which steps indicate a correct order of acquisition as they relate to integrity and non-repudiation?
The correct steps that indicate a correct order of acquisition as they relate to integrity and non-repudiation are:
A hash of the disk is made A bit-by-bit copy is made A second hash is made A copy is made of the reference imageIs non-repudiation an aspect of integrity?In general, nonrepudiation is known to be a term that puts together or combines authentication and integrity.
Note that Nonrepudiation is said to be a key or one of the pillars that pertains to information assurance.
The integrity in cyber security is known to be the act of keeping safe against any form of an improper information modification or destruction.
Hence, The correct steps that indicate a correct order of acquisition as they relate to integrity and non-repudiation are:
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Which enterprise file service allows you to create duplicate copies of files for high availability?
DFS enterprise file service allows you to create duplicate copies of files for high availability.
Check more about DSF services below.
Is DFS a file server?Distributed File System (DFS) is known to be a kind of a composition of client and server services that is known to give room for an organization that is said to make use of Microsoft Windows servers to be able to put together a lot of distributed SMB file shares in a distributed file system.
Note that they have high quality standard and as such, DFS enterprise file service allows you to create duplicate copies of files for high availability.
See full question below
Which enterprise file service allows you to create duplicate copies of files for high availability?
a. WSUS
b. BranchCache
c. Configuration Manager
d. DFS
e. Group Policy
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Password complexity, password history, and password reuse are all examples of what?
Password complexity, password history, and password reuse are all examples of account policies.
What are Account policies?This refers to the document which contains the requirements necessary for maintaining or creating an account on computer systems or networks.
These policies vary from password complexity to avoid accounts being compromised to password history so as to be able to recover passwords on the system. This is achieved by the use of unique letters and numbers which are difficult to access by a third party thereby making it the most appropriate choice.
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A(n) ___________ g is a set of elements with a binary operation, denoted by *, that associates to each ordered pair (a,b) of elements in g an element ( a*b) in g.
A(n) elliptic curve is a set of elements with a binary operation, denoted by *, that associates to each ordered pair (a,b) of elements in g an element ( a*b) in g.
Why is it called an elliptic curve?In mathematics, an elliptic curve is known to be a kind of a smooth, curve that is said to be projective and also an algebraic curve which there is found to be a specified point O.
Note that the elliptic curves are seen to be the set of points that are said to be gotten or obtained as an outcome of solving elliptic functions that is known to be over a predefined space.
Therefore, A(n) elliptic curve is a set of elements with a binary operation, denoted by *, that associates to each ordered pair (a,b) of elements in g an element ( a*b) in g.
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Define a function GetVolume() that takes one integer parameter passed by reference as totalCups and two integer parameters as gallons and cups. If both gallons and cups are non-negative, the function computes totalCups and returns true. Otherwise, the function returns false without updating totalCups.
The computer program that takes one integer parameter is illustrated below.
What is a computer program?A computer program is a set of instructions in a programming language for a computer to execute. A computer program in its human-readable form is called source code.
The program is illustrated below:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void ConvertVolume(int totalTablespoons, int &cups, int &tablespoons) {
// compute the cups and tablespoons
// as they are passed by reference,
// the change will also reflect in the main function
cups = totalTablespoons / 16;
tablespoons = totalTablespoons % 16;
}
int main() {
int usrCups;
int usrTablespoons;
int totalTablespoons;
// user input
cin>>totalTablespoons;
// call the function
ConvertVolume(totalTablespoons, usrCups, usrTablespoons);
// print the output
cout<<usrCups<<" cups and "<<usrTablespoons<<" tablespoons"<<endl;
return 0;
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Define a function Convert Volume() that takes one integer parameter as total Tablespoons and two integer parameters passed by reference as cups and tablespoons. Of total Tablespoons is negative, the function returns false without updating the parameters. Otherwise, the function converts total Tablespoons to cups and tablespoons, and then returns true.
Using the computational language in C++ it is possible to write a code that converts total Tablespoons to cups and tablespoons.
Writting the code in C++:#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void ConvertVolume(int totalTablespoons, int &cups, int &tablespoons) {
// compute the cups and tablespoons
// as they are passed by reference,
// the change will also reflect in the main function
cups = totalTablespoons / 16;
tablespoons = totalTablespoons % 16;
}
int main() {
int usrCups;
int usrTablespoons;
int totalTablespoons;
// user input
cin>>totalTablespoons;
// call the function
ConvertVolume(totalTablespoons, usrCups, usrTablespoons);
// print the output
cout<<usrCups<<" cups and "<<usrTablespoons<<" tablespoons"<<endl;
return 0;
}
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Create a round object to hang in your window that will touch the midpoints of all four edges of your window
The round object that can touch the midpoints of all four edges of a window is illustrated by a circle with dimensions.(x-h)² + (y-k)² = r².
What is a midpoint?It should be noted that a midpoint is a point that is lying between two points and is in the middle of the line joining the two points.
Based on the information given, the center is (h,k) and tthe radius = r.
Top of the circle = (h,r+k) = midpoint of the window's top
The circle's bottom = (h,k-r)=midpoint of the window bottom
The left edge of the circle = (h-r, k)=midpoint of the window's left side
The right edge of the circle = (h+r, k)= midpoint of the window's right side
The window square is illustrated as 2r by 2r and its vertices are (h-r, r+k), (h+r, r+k), (h-r, r-k), (h+r, r-k).
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Today, the standard term for placing telephone calls over the Internet or any other type of data network is ____.
Answer:
VOIP (voice over internet protocol )
When using sftp to share files, what is encrypted in addition to the authentification information?.
In using SFTP to share files, the encryption in addition to the authentication information is seen in the user's email address.
What is authentication information?Authentication Information is known to be that which tells about the usernames, passwords, electronic certificates, etc., that a one can use to know or be assured of a User's true identity.
Note that In using SFTP to share files, the encryption in addition to the authentication information is seen in the user's email address.
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The Crow’s foot symbol with two vertical parallel lines indicates _____ cardinality.a. (0,N)b. (1,N)c. (1,1)d. (0,1)
The Crow’s foot symbol with two vertical parallel lines indicates option c. (1,1) cardinality.
What is Symbols in crow's foot notation?Crow's foot diagrams is one that stands for entities as boxes, and its association as lines that exist between the boxes.
Note that different shapes at the ends of these lines stands for the relative cardinality of the relationship and thus The Crow’s foot symbol with two vertical parallel lines indicates option c. (1,1) cardinality.
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______ control is not displayed at the runtime but its event is fired automatically at the specific time interval .
Timer Interval Property is a control is not displayed at the runtime but its event is fired automatically at the specific time interval .
What is a timer tool?TimerTools is known to be one that is said to be aimed to aid a person to be able to manage their Countdowns and stopwatches.
What is a timer interval?The INTERVAL-TIMER function is known to be that which returns the number of seconds and it begins from an arbitrary point in regards to time.
Note that in regards to the above, Timer Interval Property is a control is not displayed at the runtime but its event is fired automatically at the specific time interval .
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If an algorithm created to help make hiring decisions is based on previous unfair decisions, then the algorithm may be
If an algorithm created to help make hiring decisions is based on previous unfair decisions, then the algorithm may be flawed.
What are algorithms being used for?Algorithms are known to be tools that are made to help in calculation, data processing, and a kind of automated reasoning.
Hence, If an algorithm created to help make hiring decisions is based on previous unfair decisions, then the algorithm may be flawed.
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Answer:
biased
Explanation:
Question 1 (True/False Worth 3 points)
(08.02 LC)
Applications require you to provide the following basic elements: social security number, experience, and favorite memories.
O True
O False
HELPPP
Answer:
False. Only Experience and sometime your social security number
Explanation:
Most job applications will require you to provide your past and current work experience. Some will ask you to provide your social security number while many of them will not. No companies will ever ask you to provide your favorite memories as a basic element in a CV or Cover Letter. It might happen on rare occasions but that would sound funny if they did.
If a few bits in an hdd sector or nvm page are corrupted, the controller can recover the correct values using ecc only if:___.
If a few bits in an hdd sector or nvm page are corrupted, the controller can recover the correct values using ecc only if option D) number of bits corrupted is low irrespective of where the corruption occurs in the sector/page.
Do hard drives have sectors?In computer disk storage, a sector is known to be a kind of a subdivision that is made up of a track that can be seen on a magnetic disk or what we call the optical disc.
Note that Each sector is one that saves a fixed amount of what we call the user-accessible data.
Note that the sector is seen as the smallest physical storage unit that can be found on the disk, and also on most file systems and thus when a few bits in an hdd sector or nvm page are corrupted, the controller can recover the correct values using ecc only if option D) number of bits corrupted is low irrespective of where the corruption occurs in the sector/page.
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See full question below
If a few bits in an HDD sector or NVM page are corrupted, the controller can recover the correct values using ECC only if
A) the bit corruption is limited to the data portion of the sector/page.
B) the bit corruption hasn't occurred in the ECC of the sector/page.
C) the bit corruption hasn't occurred in the ECC or the header of the sector/page.
D) number of bits corrupted is low irrespective of where the corruption occurs in the sector/page.
List the steps to apply bold and italic formatting to a word.
Select the _______ command to format a paragraph aligned on both left and right sides.
The ________ tab stop is best used for aligning dollar values.
A _______ list is used for showing an order of importance.
After applying numerous character formats to a column of text you decide you would like the next column to have the same formatting. What is the most efficient way to format the next column?
Select the Justified command to format a paragraph aligned on both left and right sides.
The decimal tab stop is best used for aligning dollar values.A numbered list is used for showing an order of importance.What is formatting a document?Document formatting is known to be the method used on a document that is laid out on the page and it involves font selection, font size and others.
Note that one can Select the Justified command to format a paragraph aligned on both left and right sides.
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Design a class named Cake. Data fields include two string fields for cake flavor and icing flavor and numeric fields for diameter in inches and price. Include methods to get and set values for each of these fields. Create the class diagram and write the pseudocode that defines the class. Design an application that declares two Cake objects and sets and displays their values.
Using the computer language in pseudocode to write a function code that declares two Cake objects and sets and displays their values.
Writting the code in pseudocode:- cake flavor: string
- icing flavor: string
-diameter: num
-price: num
+set cake flavor (cake flavor : string) : void
+set icing flavor (icing flavor: string) : void
+set Diameter(size : num) : void
+set Price(price : num) : void
+get cake flavor () : string
+get cing flavor () : string
+get Diameter() : num
+get Price() : num
Answer A=
Pseudocode:
class Cake
Declarations
private string cake flavour
private string icing flavor
private num diameter
private num price
public void set Cake flavour (string Cake flavour)this. Cake flavour = Cake flavour
return
public void set icing flavour (string icing flavour)this. icing flavour = icing flavour
return
public void set Diameter(num size)
diameter = size
return
public void set Price(num price)
this price = price
return
public string get Cake flavour ()
return Cake flavour
public string get icing flavour ()
return icing flavour
public num get Diameter()
return diameter
public num get Price()
return price
end Class
start
Declarations
Cake my Cake
Cake your Cake
myCake.set cake flavour (“chocalate”)
myCake.set icing flavour (“peppermint”)
myCake.setDiameter(15)
myCake.setPrice(18)
myCake.set cake flavour (“pineapple”)
myCake.set icing flavour (“orange ”)
yourCake.setDiameter(20)
yourCake.setPrice(25)
output “Cake 1 info:”
output myCake.get cake flavour ()
output myCake.get icing flavour ()
output myCake.getDiameter()
output myCake.getPrice()
output Cake 2 info:”
output yourCake.get cake flavour ()
output yourCake.get icing flavour ()
output yourCake.getDiameter()
output yourCake.getPrice()stop
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The residual volume can be measured directly with: Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a digital spirometer b wet spirometer c both digital and wet spirometers d it can not be measured directly
The residual volume can not be measured directly.
How is residual volume measured?Residual volume is known to be measured by what we call a gas dilution test.
Note that this test often measures how the concentration of the gases in the container changes.
What is residual volume?This is known to be the Volume of air that is left over after a FORCED EXPIRATION. Note that it is one that cannot be measured by a spirometer.
Hence, The residual volume can not be measured directly.
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An intern at an IT company provisioned a Linux based On-demand EC2 instance with per-second billing but terminated it within 30 seconds as he wanted to provision another instance type. What is the duration for which the instance would be charged
The duration for which the instance would be charged is known to be c. 60 seconds in regards to the (Billing and Pricing).
What are pricing models?Pricing modeling is known to be the ways or the methods a person is able or can use to know the right price for a products or services.
Note that in the case above, since it involves billing and pricing, The duration for which the instance would be charged is known to be c. 60 seconds.
See options below
a. 600 seconds
b. 300 seconds
c. 60 seconds
d. 30 seconds
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2023 murano’s available intelligent awd adjusts the ________ to help maintain cornering control.
2023 Murano's available intelligent awd adjusts the Torque delivered to the wheels to help maintain cornering control.
How does torque moves wheels?The torque from the engine is known to be that tool that moves a car. A lot of torque can be transferred to the wheels in first gear and it is better than in fifth gear.
Hence, 2023 Murano's available intelligent awd adjusts the Torque delivered to the wheels to help maintain cornering control.
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A(n) blank______ is hardware and software that control access to a company's intranet and other internal networks
A firewall is hardware and software that control access to a company's intranet and other internal networks.
What is firewall and how does it functions?The term firewall is known to be that which acts as a form of protection of your network from that holds of attackers.
Note that A firewall is one that functions as the shield of your network as it is known to often acts as a kind of a 24/7 filter that often scan the data that tries to enter your network.
Hence, A firewall is hardware and software that control access to a company's intranet and other internal networks.
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What guidelines should you follow prior to ordering and installing memory in an hp business pc or notebook?
In computer, the guidelines that should be followed prior to ordering and installing memory in an hp business pc or notebook is to verify that the network cable is plugged in.
What is computer?It should be noted that a computer simply means the electronic device that can be used to make one's work easier.
In this case, in computer, the guidelines that should be followed prior to ordering and installing memory in an hp business pc or notebook is to verify that the network cable is plugged in. This is important to allow for easy installation.
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Figure shows a multiplexer in a synchronous TD slot is only 10 bits long (3 bits taken from each input plus is the output stream? The bits arrive at the multiplexer arrows.
The solution to the bits arrive at the multiplexer arrows is shown in the image attached.
What is a multiplexer used for in computing?A multiplexer is known to be a kind of a device that is same to be one that is able to take a lot of analog signals and also helps to forwards the input that were taken into a single line.
Note that they are seen as devices that are often used to to boast the amount of data that are known to be passed over a network.
A good example of a given non-electronic circuit of a multiplexer is known to be the single pole multi-position switch.
Therefore, The solution to the bits arrive at the multiplexer arrows is shown in the image attached. because it accurately tells the the arrangement of the 10 bits in the arrow.
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True or false: A many-to-many relationship between classes A and B (where the maximum multiplicity on both sides of the association is *) is implemented by posting foreign keys in both A and B.
A many-to-many relationship between classes A and B (where the maximum multiplicity on both sides of the association is *) is implemented by posting foreign keys in both A and B is a false statement.
What is a many-to-many relationship?A many-to-many relationship is known to be one that exist if one or more items that is found in one table can have an association to one or more items in another given table.
Hence, A many-to-many relationship between classes A and B (where the maximum multiplicity on both sides of the association is *) is implemented by posting foreign keys in both A and B is a false statement.
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Determine whether the compound condition is True or False.
7<12 or 50!=10
7<12 and 50<50
not (8==3)
The compound condition are:
7<12 or 50!=10 is false7<12 and 50<50 is falsenot (8==3) is trueWhat is compound condition?A compound statement is known to be one that shows up as the body of another statement, e.g. as in if statement.
The compound condition are:
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Developers found a "time of check to time of use" (TOCTTOU) vulnerability in their application. The vulnerability made it possible to change temporary data created within the app before the app uses the data later. This vulnerability is taking advantage of what process in the application?
This vulnerability above is taking advantage of the race condition process in the application.
What is race condition?This race condition is said to be in the critical section or one that is a part of the program and it is a place where shared memory is accessed and it is concurrently worked on or executed by two or more threads.
Hence, This vulnerability above is taking advantage of the race condition process in the application.
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