The force of gravity is the only force acting upon their body. The astronauts are in free-fall.
If the astronaut is formed of the same amount of material as before, the mass will always be the same.
So, when asked what the astronauts' mass is on the space station, we can respond it's still 65 kg. Because there is no gravity in space, astronauts float around.
Everyone understands that the gravitational force decreases with distance from Earth. Astronauts are so far away from Earth that gravity is negligible. This is why NASA refers to it as microgravity.
Mass is the same whether measured on Earth or on the International Space Station. Weight can vary based on gravitational pull, such as on the Moon, where weight is one-sixth that of Earth.
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a car on high way travlled for 5m, driving force is 500n, friction is 500n. what is the net force , what is the total work done. how much kinetic energy will the car gain?. enter number only, no unit.
The net force = 0
The total work done = 0
Kinetic energy = Constant
What happens when the net force is zero?An object with zero net force will either remain stationary if initially stationary or maintain a constant velocity. While the net force on an object is zero, its velocity and direction of motion remain unchanged (an object at rest remains at rest).
Net force = Force - Friction
Fₙ = F₀ - Fₓ
Fₙ = 500N - 500N
Fₙ = 0 N
Since F = ma
ma = 0 N
a = 0
If acceleration is zero then the car is moving with a constant velocity.
Work done = force x distance covered in the direction of the force
W = Fₙ × d
W = 0 × 5 m
W = 0
K.E. = 1/2 mv²
Since the velocity is constant, the kinetic energy is also constant. The net work will be zero because the system has no net power. Nevertheless, potential energy increases with constant kinetic energy.
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a 1500 kg vehicle is traveling on a curved, icy road. the road is banked at an angle of 10.0 degrees and has a radius of curvature of 400 m. the velocity of the car necessary to travel on the icy road without sliding is .
The vehicle speed required to drive on an icy road without sliding is 28.3 m/s.
The weight of the car is m = 1500 kg
The angle at which the road is inclined is θ = 10
The radius of curvature is r = 400m
The expression for the speed of the car required to travel on the road without sliding is V =[tex]\sqrt{rgtan}[/tex]
V =[tex]\sqrt{400*9.8*tan10}[/tex]
V = 28.3 m/s
Velocity is the rate of change in direction of an object in motion measured by a specific time standard and observed from a specific reference point (for example, 60 km/h north). A key idea in kinematics, the branch of classical mechanics that studies the motion of bodies, is velocity.
The definition of velocity requires both its magnitude and its direction, since it is a physical vector quantity. Velocity is a coherently derived unit that is measured in the SI (metric system) as meters per second (m/s or m/s1). Velocity is a scalar absolute value (magnitude) of speed.
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the movement of sand parallel to the shore: question 3 options: is created by waves approaching at an oblique angle to the shoreline. is achieved by longshore currents, causing longshore drift. is caused by deep ocean currents. none of these choice are correct.
It is the oblique angle of the waves breaking on the beach that causes longshore drift, which is the movement of sand parallel to the shore. The development of cavities on the coast, like bays and deltas, can be filled in by this phenomenon, causing the beach to cross into the mainland. Spits are narrow, outgrowths of the beach. A barrier island is formed when a storm, such as a hurricane, cuts inward through the spit.
Beaches formed along the low coastal plains during the last eras when sea levels were lower. Large dune ridges of beach sand were piled up in a shoreward direction. The coastal plains became inundated due to a rise in sea levels caused by the melting ice caps. The crests of the submerged dunes offshore eventually formed the island's heart. The dune ridges were later reshaped and enlarged into a barrier island by wave action and longshore drift.
The coastlines that the aforementioned islands protect are less likely to be damaged/disturbed by waves and storms. Barrier island beaches are not heavily secured, so storm waves can easily crash into them. The side of the land of a barrier island is where most of the action is, even though beaches and dunes tend to get the most attention.
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When a tennis racket hits a tennis ball, the time needed for the racket to change the ball's direction by imparting an impulse (the product of the average force on an object and the time interval over which it acts) to it is extremely ____
When a tennis racket hits a tennis ball, the time needed for the racket to change the ball's direction by imparting an impulse to it is extremely low.
When a tennis ball is served, it is a contact with the racket for a time that is typical 0.005 seconds which is less than a hundredth of a second. The force provided by the racket is extremely high. So, the interval of time for which the force applied need not be high to change its direction.
I = F Δt
F = m a
F = m Δv / Δt
F Δt = m Δv
I = m Δv
I = Impulse
F = Force
m = Mass
a = Acceleration
Δv = Change in velocity
Δt = Change in time
Therefore, when a tennis racket hits a tennis ball, the time needed for the racket to change the ball's direction by imparting an impulse to it is extremely low.
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two cars, car x and car y, begin accelerating from rest, at the same time. car x is more massive than car y. the net force exerted on each car is identical. after 10 seconds, which car has more momentum?
They all have same amount of momentum.
What is momentum?The quantity of a body's motion is referred to as momentum.Given that momentum depends on both velocity and the direction of the body's motion, it is quantified as "mass velocity". Since velocity and mass are both scalar quantities, momentum is a vector quantity. Momentum = Mass X Velocity.example ,since a truck carrying products has a great mass and is traveling at a high speed, it must slow down before a stop sign because it will be difficult to stop.Despite carrying relatively little mass, a traveling bullet has a lot of momentum because of its high velocity.To learn more about momentum refer to:
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Special effects experts want the largest explosion that is safe for the people on set. Knowing that the energy of a wave is proportional to its amplitude squared helps them mathematically model the energy of the explosion and the amplitude of the blast wave. How does this knowledge help them determine where to place the actors and crew?
what is the potential difference across a 19- m -long, 2.0- mm -diameter copper wire carrying an 7.6 a current?
The potential difference across a 19m long, 2.0mm diameter copper wire carrying a 7.6A current is 676 V.
The resistance of the wire is given by R = ρ L/A
where ρ is the resistivity of copper (ρ = 1.72E-8 Ωm) and L is the length of the wire (19m). So,
R = 1.72E-8 * 2.0E-3/7.6E3
= 912 Ω.
Assuming that no other circuit elements are present, the potential difference across this wire will be equal to the voltage drop across that resistor:
V = IR = 912 * 7.6E3
= 676 V
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the 3.0-m-long, 100 kg rigid beam of figure ex12.31 is supported at each end. an 80 kg student stands 2.0 m from support 1. how much upward force does each support exert on the beam?
The amount of upward force each support exert on the beam is 751.33 N and 1012.67 N.
What is force?Force can be defined as the product of mass and acceleration of a body.
To calculate the upward force exerted by the beam, we apply the principle of moment.
From the diagram attached,
Taking our moment about N₂,
Mgd₁+mgd₂ = N₂L............ Equation 1Where:
M = Mass of the beam d₁ = mid point of the beamm = Mass of the studentd₂ = Distance of the student from N₂N₂ = Supporrt 2L = Length of the beamg = Acceleration due to gravity.From the question,
M = 100 kgm = 80 kgd₁ = 1.5 md₂ = 1 mL = 3 mg = 9.8 m/s²Substitute these values into equation 1 and solve for N₂
N₂×3 = (100×9.8×1.5)+(80×1×9.8)3N₂ = 1470+7843N₂ = 2254N₂ = 2254/3 N₂ = 751.33 NTo calculate the First support N₁, we use the formula below.
N₁ + N₂ = mg+MgN₁ = mg+Mg-N₂N₁ = (80×9.8)+(100×9.8)-751.33N₁ = 1764-751.33N₁ = 1012.67 NHence, the upward force from each support is 751.33 N and 1012.67 N respectively.
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What is work and give an example?
One group approached their investigation by dropping a mass so it fell
vertically downward. They planned to measure the position of the mass as it
descended using a motion detector. They checked whether the motion
detector that they were using was sensitive enough to capture the motion
during the fall, and they were satisfied.
Given that they are measuring the motion (position, velocity, and
acceleration) of the mass, the students can only measure gravitational
potential energy and kinetic energy; any other form of energy is
undetectable. If they hope to see that energy is conserved in this system,
which of the following assumptions must be true (or approximately true)?
Air resistance is negligible. This must be
true.
The initial vertical velocity of the mass is negligible. [Select ]
It's true that air resistance is really low. Energy must not be gained or lost during the experiment if they expect to demonstrate that energy is conserved. In other words, there must be little loss from air resistance.
Describe the mechanism of air resistance.Air is the source of the force known as air resistance. An object travelling through the air experiences the force in the opposite direction. A sports vehicle with a streamlined form will face less air resistance than a lorry with a flat front, enabling the latter to travel faster.
The force of air resistance changes depending on the velocity. This implies that the acceleration is not constant and neither is the force. That is a serious issue.
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The letter "B" is labeling what part of the wave?
B
Wavelength
Compression
Rarefaction
Amplitude
I don't think any of the choices on the list fits B.
B appears to be the time between two compressions, with a rarefaction between them labeled by C .
Question 16 Which of the following is NOT a way to speed up a chemical reaction? (Select all that apply) b C decreasing the surface area of one of the reactants increasing the concentration of one of the reactants decreasing the temperature of one of the reactants increasing the temperature of one of the reactants
The following which is not a way to speed up a chemical reaction include the following below:
Decreasing the surface area of one of the reactantsDecreasing the temperature of one of the reactants.What is Temperature?This is defied as the degree of hotness or coldness of a substance and it is determined by thermal energy.
In a chemical reaction, the speed can be increased by increasing the surface area and the temperature because it leads to the collision of more atoms in other to form the product which was why options A and C were chosen as the correct choices.
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discuss the statistical nature of the clausius statement of the second law that energy cannot go spontaneously from a colder to a hotter body. under what conditions is the statement applicable? in what sense is this statement incorrect?
It is true that clausius statement of the second law states that energy cannot go spontaneously from a colder to a hotter body.
What is second law of thermodynamics and what is clausius statement of the second law of thermodynamics?Second law of thermodynamics is the law stating that heat and energy are interconvertible and is transferred from one form to another.Clausius statement of the second law of thermodynamics states the same but it also states that energy and heat cannot be transferred from colder to hotter body.It simply justifies that heat cannot be transferred from hot reservoir to cold reservoir at any cost.The condition under which the clausius statement is true is that the entropy change should be greater or equal to zero.Hence if entropy change is zero or greater than zero then clausius statement is truly justified.To know more about thermodynamics visit:
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Serena travels 1100m in 26.2s. How many significant digits should be in your answer?
The speed of Serena in the correct number of significant figures is 43.00 m/s
What is the speed?The term speed is defined as the ratio of the distance to the time that is taken. Let us recall that speed is a vector quantity hence we do not need to use the direction in finding the speed at all.
We now have the following;
Distance travelled = 1100m
Time taken = 26.2s
Speed of Serena = 1100m/26.2s
= 42.98 m/s
The speed of Serena to the correct number of significant figures is 43.00 m/s.
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a 44 kg package is dropped by a parachute out of an airplane. what is the terminal speed of the package if the parachute has an area of 25 square meters. (use air density, p= 1.2kg/m^3
Terminal velocity of the package is 5.16 m/s
When the object's drag force is equal to the gravitational force then it experiences zero acceleration and so the velocity remains constant. Such constant velocity is called as terminal velocity.
Drag force is a kind of frictional force that opposes the flow of motion.
Mathematically drag force F = [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex]ρA[tex]v^{2}[/tex]
ρ = density of the package = 1.2 kg/[tex]m^{3}[/tex]
A = 25 [tex]m^{2}[/tex]
v = terminal speed
Also Force is the product of mass and acceleration
Mathematically F = ma
where
m = 44 kg
a = 10 m/[tex]s^{2}[/tex]
Therefore, F = 44 * 10 = 400 N
Putting value of F in the drag force equation we get,
400 = [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex]ρA[tex]v^{2}[/tex]
400 = [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex] * 1.2 * 25 * [tex]v^{2}[/tex]
[tex]v^{2} = \frac{400*2}{1.2 * 25}[/tex]
[tex]v^{2} = \frac{800}{30}[/tex]
v = [tex]\sqrt{26.66}[/tex]
v = 5.16 m/s
The terminal speed of the package if the parachute has an area of 25 [tex]m^{2}[/tex] is 5.16 m/s.
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the radius of the earth is rrr . at what distance above the earth's surface will the acceleration of gravity be 4.9 m/s2? the radius of the earth is . at what distance above the earth's surface will the acceleration of gravity be 4.9 m/s2? 0.41 rrr 1.4 rrr 2.0 rrr 0.50 rrr 1.0 rrr
The correct answer is 0.41 R. Option A.
Solution:
We have given acceleration due to gravity at any height is new = 4.9m/sec²
The radius of the earth = r
We know that acceleration due to gravity at any height is given by
g¹ = GM/(R + h)²...eqn 1
And acceleration due to gravity at the earth g = GM/R²...eqn2
Dividing eqn 2 by eqn 1
g/g¹ = (r+h)²/r²
9.8/4.9 = (r+h)²/r²
2r² = (r+h)²
[tex]\sqrt{2r}[/tex] = h+r
h = 0.41r
Gravitational acceleration decreases as one moves deeper into the earth, reaching zero at the center of the earth. Similarly, the gravitational force is said to decrease with distance from the Earth's surface and become zero at infinity.
The projectile's instantaneous velocity at maximum altitude is zero. Gravity gives the ball the same acceleration when it rises as it does when it descends so the time to reach the maximum height is the same as the time to return to the starting position. increase.
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a small car with mass .800kg travels at constant speed on the inside of a track that is a vertical circle with radius 5.00m. if the normal force exerted by the track (point b) is 6.00n, what is the normal force on the car when it is at the bottom of the track (point a)?
The normal force on the car when it is at the bottom of the track is 22 N.
A frame revolves in a vertical circle such that its motion at unique points is one-of-a-kind then the motion of the frame is said to be vertical circular movement. recollect an item of mass tied at one give up of a mass m tied at one stop of an int extensible string and whirled in a vertical radius of radius r.
Calculation:-
At the inside of the track
N + mg = mv²/r
6 + 0.8 × 10 = m (v²/r)
14 = 0.8 ( acceleration)
acceleration = 17.5 m/sec² towards centre.
Again,
a = v²/r
ar = v²
v = √ar
v = √17.5 ×5
= 9.35 m/s²
For Normal force
N = mv²/r + mg
N = 0.8 × 1.75 + 0.8 × 10
= 14 + 8
= 22 N
A frame spins in a vertical circle in such a way that its movement at exclusive factors differs from the frame's motion, which is assumed to be vertical circular motion. keep in mind a mass m item wrapped in a stretchable string at one end and whirled in a vertical circle with radius d.
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compared to a solid wire of the same gauge, stranded wire? select one: a. has a slightly larger diameter b. will carry more current c. is less susceptible to interference d. is more susceptible to interference
compared to a solid wire of the same gauge, stranded wire is more susceptible to interference.
A solid wire consists of a solid metal core while stranded wires are made of a quantity of thinner wires that are twisted together into an organized bundle.
But because of the bundle feature of the stranded wires, they have more surface areas in comparison to the solid wires, so there is more chances to have dissipation in this type of wires, specially when high frequency current is being passed.
Due to more dissipation it is more likely to have interference.
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An 80kg woman jumps from a wall and lands stiff-legged in soft sand. The woman's downward speed just as she touches the sand is 6m/s. She is stopped after sinking 0.05m into the sand. Calculate the net force on the woman while she is being stopped by the sand. Round to nearest whole number
The net force on the woman while she was stopped by the sand is 28800 N.
What is force?Force can be defined as the product of the mass of a body and its acceleration.
To calculate the net force on the woman, we use the formula below.
Formula:
F = m(v²-u²)/2s........... Equation 1Where:
m = Mass of the womanF = Force on the womanv = Final velocityu = Initial velocitys = DistanceFrom the question,
Given:
m = 80 kgv = 6 m/su = 0 m/ss = 0.05 mSubstitute these values into equation 1
F = 80(6²-0²)/(2×0.05)F= 80×36/0.1F = 28800 NHence, the net force on the woman is 28800 N.
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flux i - suppose just a north pole of a permanent magnet is placed inside a gaussian surface. what is a true statement about the magnetic flux through the gaussian surface in this situation?
The true statement about magnetic flux through the Gaussian surface when a north pole of a permanent magnet is placed inside a Gaussian surface in this situation is "The net flux is zero," option A.
What is the magnetic flux through any surface?Magnet flux through a surface, in physics, is a surface that is integral of a normal component with a magnetic field, B over the given surface. This means that if a section of a magnet is enclosed in a chosen Gaussian surface, the net magnetic flux moving through the surface will be zero.
This magnetic flux continues inside the magnet and it leaves the Gaussian surface where the magnet is cut.
The full question is:
flux i - suppose just a north pole of a permanent magnet is placed inside a Gaussian surface. what is a true statement about the magnetic flux through the Gaussian surface in this situation?
a. The net flux is zero
b. The net flux is positive
c. The net flux is negative
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Click to review the online content. Then answer the question(s) below, using complete sentences. Scroll down to view additional questions.
Online Content: Site 1
Fitness Log
What steps can you take in your everyday life to properly care for your skeletal system? (Site 1)
Incorporating physical activity into your everyday routine is one approach to care for your skeletal system.
Walking, running, and climbing stairs are all weight-bearing workouts that can help you grow strong bones and reduce bone loss. Substance misuse should be avoided.
What is the skeletal system?The human skeleton is the body's internal framework. It is made up of around 270 bones at birth, which lowers to approximately 206 bones by adulthood as certain bones fuse together.
It is to be noted that the skeleton's bone mass accounts for around 14% of total body weight and achieves maximal density around the age of 21.
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Question 1 of 10
What type of diagram is used to show all of the forces acting on an object?
A. Stability diagram
B. Algebraic diagram
C. Free-body diagram
D. Potential energy diagram
Answer:
c. Free body diagram
Explanation:
Free-body diagrams are diagrams used to show the relative magnitude and direction of all forces acting upon an object in a given situation.
which relationship best represents the relationship between the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration and the speed of an object moving in a circle of constant radius?
the object's speed and centripetal acceleration in a circle with a constant radius is the exponential curve going up.
acceleration is the rate of change in both speed and direction of velocity over time. When something moves faster or slower in a straight line, it is said to have been accelerated. Because the direction is constantly shifting, motion on a circle accelerates even when the speed is constant. Both effects add to the acceleration for all other types of motion.
It is a vector quantity because acceleration has both a magnitude and a direction. Another vector quantity is velocity. The velocity vector change over a given period of time, divided by that period of time, is the definition of acceleration. The upper limit of the ratio of velocity change provides instantaneous acceleration (at a specific time and place).
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Question 1(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
(05.01 LC)
Historically, what technique was used to release the "evil" that caused disease?
A- Antibiotics
B- Isolation
C- Lobotomy
D- Trepanning
Question 2(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
(05.01 MC)
With which of the following statements would René Descartes likely agree?
A- The mind and body cannot be separated, therefore physical illness and mental illness cannot be separated.
B- The mind and body can be separated, therefore physical illness and mental illness can be treated differently.
C- Physical illness is more serious than mental illness and deserves prompt attention.
D- Mental illness is more serious than physical illness and deserves prompt attention.
Question 5(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
(05.01 MC)
Which of the following was a negative consequence of deinstitutionalization?
A- Even the most severely ill were able to live freely outside of the hospital setting.
B- Individuals with mental illness were able to resume their relationships with friends and family.
C- Many people with mental illness did not continue treatment once released.
D- The stigma associated with mental illness decreased.
The technique that was used to release the "evil" that caused disease is Trepanning.
Option D is correct.
René Descartes would likely agree with the statement that The mind and body cannot be separated, therefore physical illness and mental illness cannot be separated. So option B is correct.
One of the negative consequence of deinstitutionalization was Many people with mental illness did not continue treatment once released.
So option C is correct.
What is trepanning?Trepanning, also known as trepanation, trephination, trephining or making a burr hole, is described as a surgical intervention in which a hole is drilled or scraped into the human skull.
Deinstitutionalization well-intended move was predicated on the development of a community mental health center network. But it had unintended consequences, which is that many deinstitutionalized mentally ill clients have been forced onto the street with little or no treatment.
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Answer:
A
Explanation:
20.0 l of a monatomic ideal gas at a pressure of 100 kpa expand adiabatically until the volume doubles. what is the pressure in the gas at that point?
The pressure in the gas at that point is equal to the initial pressure, 100 kPa.
To expand adiabatically, there must be no heat transfer involved. Adiabatic expansion means that no heat is transferred between the gas and its surroundings; this means that if we double the volume of our gas, nothing should change in terms of temperature as long as there is no heat transfer to or from our system during expansion.
Since we're starting out with a monatomic ideal gas, we know that its entropy is going to stay constant throughout this process, so the ideal gas law gives us a relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature: PV = nRT
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what is the diameter of an aluminum sphere with the same mass as 26 l of water? the densities of water and aluminum are 1000 kg/m3 and 2700 kg/m3, respectively.
Diameter of the aluminum sphere is 2.83m.
Mass of aluminum =26l
Density of the aluminum=2700 kg/m3
Mass of water=26l
Density of water=1000 kg/m3
Density is defined as the mass per unit volume. In an object material is tightly packed. This explain how tightly a material is packed together.
Density= M/V
V=M/density
= 26l/2700kg/m3= 9.6m3
Volume of the sphere is the space occupied by the sphere. This is the amount of air or space that a sphere held in it. It is denoted by the symbol V. The straight distance between the side of the sphere is called diameter. It is denoted by d. It is measured by cubic units.
Putting the values in the expression of volume of the sphere,
V= π/6 .d3
9.6m3 = π/6 .d3
d3 =9.6m3 .6/3.14=18.34 m3
d= 2.83m
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What is the fastest speed a tennis ball can cross the net horizontally and still land in the court? from the net to the end line is 12 m, and the height of the net is 1 m. neglect air resistance and spin of the ball.
The maximum velocity of the tennis ball when it cross the net in order to still land in the court is 26.7 m/s
The trajectory of the tennis ball follow a projectile motion. When it cross the net, it can be considered it is at its maximum height.
At this position, the component of the velocity is only in x direction.
Vertical direction:
h = 1/2 . g t²
Where:
h = maximum height
g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s²
t = time to land
Substitute h = 1 m
t² = 2/g = 0.204
t = 0.45 seconds
Horizontal direction:
x = v . t
12 = v . 0.45
v = 12 / 0.45 = 26.7 m/s
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a satellite is orbiting a planet at distance r above its surface and has a period of t. what would the distance above the surface have to be in order for the period to become eight times greater?
The radius of the new orbit should be 4 times larger to increase the satellite period 8 times.
Calculation:-
Using the formula for the satellite period.
T = 2π [tex]\sqrt{\frac{R^{3} }{GM} }[/tex]
In which R is the average radius of orbit for the satellite G is the gravitational constant, and M is the mass of the planet.
Therefore the radius of the new orbit ought to be four instances large to increase the satellite period 8 instances.
The orbital length is without delay associated with the common distance among the planet and the sun. This regulation means that planetary orbital velocity decreases with increasing distance from the sun.
The orbital length will increase if the orbital distance is multiplied. As the distance of the planet from the solar increases, the length of revolution decreases. you could calculate the space in more than one methods. One way is to multiply the calculated rate by the length.
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Consider a relation representing the present position of molecules in a closed container. The attributes are an id for the molecule, the x, y, and z coordinates of the molecule, and its velocity in the x, y, and z dimensions. What fd’s would you expect to hold? what are the keys?.
The following are some examples of the functional dependencies that can be held:
PX, PY, and PZ →VX
PX, PY, and PZ →VY
PX, PY, and PZ →VZ
Define functional dependence.Functional dependency is a term that describes a constraint that is usually used to explain the link between two (2) different sets of attributes, where one set may predict the true value of the other attributes accurately and uniquely.
The coordinates of the molecule in this example would be PX, PY, and PZ, while the velocities of those coordinates would be VX, VY, and VZ. Functional dependencies can so be illustrated by the following examples:
PX, PY, and PZ → VX
PX, PY, and PZ → VY
PX, PY, and PZ → VZ
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how is cmb observed from earth
The Cosmic Microwave Background radiation, or CMB for squat, is a faint glow of light that fills the universe, falling on Earth from each direction with nearly uniform intensity.
How does CMB observe Earth?The CMB represents the heat leftover from the Big Bang. You can't see the CMB with your bare eye, but it is everywhere in the universe. It is unseen to humans because it is so cold, just 2.725 degrees above total zero. Planck mapped out the warp in the CMB due to gravitational lensing caused by dark matter's existence. The CMB materialized as an electromagnetic fog on optical telescopes and as a static hum on radio telescopes. The CMB will certainly emerge slightly different from any distant galaxy,
So we can conclude that The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is the cooled remains of the first light that could ever travel freely throughout the Universe.
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