Are our bones alive?

The structure of a bone cell are osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoprogenerators, and osteoclasts.

Movement is a response to stimulation from both inside and outside. Movement in humans is caused by muscle contractions that move the bones so that the bones themselves are often called passive locomotors because they can only move with muscle contractions.

Bones are divided into two types based on the constituent tissues, namely cartilage and osteons. Cartilage consists of cartilage cells that produce a matrix called chondrine. While bone osteons are hard, the framework consists of osteoblasts, namely young bone cells that will form osteocytes. osteocytes are mature bone cells, osteoprogenerators are specialized cells derived from mesenchyme, and osteoclasts are cells that develop from monocytes.

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Contrary to store polysaccharides, which break easily to give an organism rapid energy, structural polysaccharides' linkages do not easily break.

Storage polysaccharides: These include starch and glycogen and are used to store food or provide a reserve of energy. Structured polysaccharides Cell walls made of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, as well as other structural elements of cells, are their main area of contribution.

Repetition of glucose units joined by beta-linkages forms the polymer known as cellulose. The enzyme needed to dissolve the beta-linkages is absent in humans and many other animals, thus they cannot digest cellulose.

Both energy storage and structural support are typical uses for polysaccharides. Highly compact polymers like glucose and starch are employed to store energy. The linear molecules cellulose and chitin

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If bones grow lumps they could be Benign bone tumors—tumors that are not cancerous—occur more frequently than malignant bone tumors (tumors that are cancerous).

When cells in a bone divide uncontrollably, they form a lump or mass of abnormal tissue, which is a bone tumor.

The majority of bone tumors are not cancerous. Most of the time, benign tumors will not spread to other parts of the body and do not pose a threat to life. Treatment options range from straightforward observation to surgical removal of the tumor, depending on the type of tumor.

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The addition to her table that would most improve her experimental investigation is a column that shows how the dependent variable changes. The correct option is C.

An experiment is a procedure that a researcher uses to determine the viability of his idea. It is crucial to include both the “dependent” and “independent” variables in an experiment in order to do it right.

Any variable that alters as a result of the existence of an independent variable is referred to as a dependent variable. An independent variable, on the other hand, is a variable that is altered in order to control the experiment.

Therefore, the correct option is C. a column that shows how the dependent variable changes.

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Answer:c

Explanation:

The scientific field concerned with using technology on biological organisms for sustainable development has a wide range of uses in the medical and agricultural industries.

It aids in the crops' ability to withstand abiotic stress such as cold, drought, salt, severe weather conditions, etc.

It has a wide range of industrial applications, including the manufacturing of alcohol, cosmetics, and even biological elements and cellular structures.

It is commonly employed in the energy sector, for example, in the manufacturing of biofuels, a natural resource alternative that is also environmentally beneficial and doesn't generate greenhouse gases.

Therefore, The scientific field concerned with using technology on biological organisms for sustainable development has a wide range of uses in the medical and agricultural industries.

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Single base pair mutations can alter protein structure and function either by insertion or deletion. This is because it results in a frameshift of transcribed codons beyond that point. This means that all codons after mutation are wrong and encode the wrong amino acid sequence.

A genetic variant (also called a mutation) can prevent one or more proteins from functioning properly.A variation can cause a protein to dysfunction or not be created at all by changing the genetic information for creating the protein.

Nucleotide changes can lead to amino acid changes with similar properties. In that case, the mutation is called silent because it does not affect the overall structure and function of the protein.

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The process during which young, immature (unspecialized) cells take on individual characteristics and reach their mature (specialized) form and function.

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The momentum of a car traveling 20 m/s has a mass of 1,800 kg and is found to be 36000 kg m/s.

Momentum may be defined as the quantity of motion of the body with respect to time. It is the product of the mass and velocity of an object. It is a vector quantity as it typically possesses a magnitude and a direction.

According to the question,

The mass of a traveling car, m = 1800 kg.

The velocity of a car, v = 20 m/sec.

Therefore, the momentum is calculated with the help of the following formula:

                             = 1800 kg × 20 m/sec = 36000 kg m/s.

Therefore, the momentum of a car traveling 20 m/s has a mass of 1,800 kg is found to be 36000 kg m/s.

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The kidney is located at organ level of organization , is an organ located in the retroperitoneal space in the abdomen. It belongs to the urinary system, which is responsible for the production and elimination of urine.

The kidney is responsible for filtering blood and regulating the body's electrolyte balance, blood pressure, and red blood cell production. The kidney is composed of millions of functional units called nephrons, which are responsible for filtering blood, reabsorbing electrolytes and regulating the water balance in the body.

The kidney is a complex organ that plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis and overall health. It functions at the organism level of organization, as it is an integral part of the body's systems and plays a vital role in maintaining the health of the entire organism. The kidney is also a part of the organ system level of organization, as it works together with other organs such as the liver, pancreas, and bladder to maintain the body's overall health.

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Answer:

As light passes through a prism, it is bent, or refracted, by the angles and plane faces of the prism and each wavelength of light is refracted by a slightly different amount.

the light gets dispersed and there is a formation of a seven colours spectrum

A pathogen is an organism that causes disease in its A pathogen is an organism that causes disease in its host; virulence refers to the severity of the disease symptoms.

Pathogens cause infectious diseases, which include bacteria, fungi, protozoa, worms, viruses, and even infectious proteins known as prions.

Viruses, bacteria, and unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes are all pathogens. Pathogens, including bacteria, affect all living organisms and are targeted by phages, which are specialized viruses.

There are an unfathomable number of viruses and bacteria on the planet, and they can be found in almost any environment. A liter of surface seawater contains more than ten billion bacteria and one hundred billion viruses.

The number of viruses on Earth is estimated to be 10³¹ or roughly ten billion times the number of stars in the universe.

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Reported abnormalities of the internal carotid artery were seen in 70% to 99% percent of cases.

For symptomatic patients with a carotid artery, blockage surgery is the best option. However, patients with 50 to 69 percent blockage may also benefit from it.

The narrowing of the carotid arteries, which carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the brain, is known as carotid stenosis. Atherosclerosis, or plaque buildup within the artery wall, reduces blood flow to the brain. You might not have a stroke just because there is a blockage. Only 2% of people who have asymptomatic partial blockage (more than 60%) are at risk for stroke every year. For patients with moderate to severe carotid stenosis, doctors agree that surgery is the best option.

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The shift in the color of the cricket population is the result of natural selection.

This process is characterized by the survival and reproduction of organisms with more advantageous traits over those with less advantageous traits. In this instance, birds could more easily spot and feed on the black crickets, leading to a decreased number of black crickets surviving and reproducing. On the other hand, the lighter-colored crickets were less visible and thus had a higher chance of survival and reproduction. Consequently, the population eventually changed to consist of only light-brown crickets.

Natural selection is a critical factor in evolution and has allowed for the immense variety of life we have today. It is a major adaptation mechanism, helping organisms to adjust to their environment and survive in changing conditions. The environment is the main driving force behind natural selection and in this case, it presented a pressure on the cricket population in the form of predation, resulting in an altered color of the population.

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Answer:

Due to a unique stage in meiosis called Pachytene.

Explanation:

In this stage, a process called crossing-over occurs, which is an exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids. This stage begins when synapsis is complete. The DNA of two sister chromatids -one maternal and one paternal- is broken by specific proteins. the DNA breaks are closed up so that each broken end is joined to the corresponding segment of the non sister chromatid. Thus, a parental chromatid is joined to a piece of maternal chromatid and vise versa.

Variation It distinguishes one creature from another. Natural selection requires variation. Variations in an organism's species aid in adaptation to the environment and assist to avert extinction.

The digestive system transmits nutrients to the body cells by absorbing them into the minuscule capillaries & lymph vessels found in the wall of the small intestine.

The villi's capillaries, which are tiny blood vessels, absorb the byproducts of carbohydrate and protein digestion. The villi's lymphatic (lacteal) channels take in waste from fat digestion & eventually transport it to the bloodstream. The pancreas, liver, & intestines' digestive juices combine with the meal as it is moved forward for the further digestion by the small intestine's muscles. Your small intestine's walls allow water and nutrients that have been digested to enter your bloodstream. Actually, before being carried into the blood, the majority of lipids and fatty acids are first absorbed inside the lymphatic system.The digestive system transmits nutrients to the body cells by absorbing them into the minuscule capillaries & lymph vessels found in the wall of the small intestine. The fats are then transported into the bloodstream through lymphatic veins.

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Anaphase I of meiosis cause genetic variation.

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) mate along their lengths. The chromosomes cross at chiasma sites. The chromosomes split and recombine at each chiasma, swapping some of their genes. This recombination results in genetic variation.

Genetic differences can result from gene variants, commonly referred to as mutations, or they might result from a normal process in which genetic information is rearranged when a cell gets ready to reproduce (known as genetic recombination). Gene modifications that alter gene activity or protein function can cause an organism to develop new traits.

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The brain and spinal cord comprise the central nervous system. The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that branch out from the spinal cord and go throughout the body.

The brain and spinal cord comprise the central nervous system (CNS). It is one of the two components of the nervous system. The peripheral nervous system, which connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body, is the other component. The central nervous system is the processing center of the body.

The brain and spinal cord comprise the central nervous system: the brain governs how we think, learn, move, and feel. The spinal cord relays information from the brain to the nerves that run throughout the body.

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In photosynthesis, light energy is converted to chemical energy when a photochemically excited special chlorophyll molecule of the photosynthetic reaction center loses an electron.

Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can later be released to fuel the organism's activities.

The Sun! The energy from light causes a chemical reaction that breaks down the molecules of carbon dioxide and water and reorganizes them to make the sugar (glucose) and oxygen gas.

Photosynthesis, the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide.

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Answer:

Down below

Explanation:

An antibiotic is medication usually prescribed by a doctor to someone who has an illness or ailment of some type that requires medication help.  Resistance means to fight against something or be immune to something.

Antibiotic resistance means to be immune to the medication, or it has no effect on the ailment the antibiotic was supposed to be fighting against.  Antibiotic resistance can happen from not continuously taking the antibiotics.  When this happens, the ailment builds up the antibodies to fight against it.  So the next time someone takes the antibiotics, the ailment won't go away because it's now immune to the antibiotics.

Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in some way that reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of drugs, chemicals, or other agents designed to cure or prevent infections. The bacteria survive and continue to multiply causing more harm.

Yes,each cell of human body contains 46 chromosomes.Chromosomes always exist in pairs.

In people, every cell ordinarily contains 23 sets of chromosomes, for a sum of 46. 22 of these matches, called autosomes, appear to be identical in the two guys and females. The 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, vary among guys and females.

The main human cells that don't contain sets of chromosomes are regenerative cells, or gametes, which convey only one duplicate of every chromosome. At the point when two regenerative cells join together, they become a solitary cell that contains two duplicates of every chromosome.

Human body cells (physical cells) have 46 chromosomes. A physical cell contains two matched sets of chromosomes, a design known as diploid.This contains the hereditary material, DNA coordinated as chromosomes. In every one of our phones there is around 6 feet in length DNA stuffed Into 46 units called chromosomes.There are 2 kinds of Turner disorder: monosomy X TS and mosaic TS.

About portion of all young ladies with Turner condition have a monosomy issue. Monosomy implies that an individual is missing one chromosome in the pair. Rather than 46 chromosomes, the individual has just 45 chromosomes.

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All multicellular eukaryotic organisms that possess chlorophyll are classified as Kingdom Plantae.

All plants belong to the kingdom Plantae. They are multicellular, eukaryotic, and autotrophic creatures. Every plant cell has a rigid cell wall. Since they can produce their own food using sun energy, they are autotrophs. Plant cell walls are made of cellulose. They have the capacity to multiply their cells.

Bryophytes (mosses), gymnosperms (cone-bearing seed plants), angiosperms, and vascular plants that do not bear seeds make up the majority of the Kingdom Plantae (flowering seed plants).

The kingdom of autotrophic, multicellular, and photosynthetic eukaryotes includes these organisms. These are mainly non-motile, embryo-forming creatures that function as the ecosystem's primary producers thanks to their capacity to transform solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

The complete question is:-

What are multicellular eukaryotes that have cell walls and are autotrophic?

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Option 2 is Correct. In order to transmit viral traits to living cells, they lack nucleic acids.

In contrast to cells, which include nuclei, organelles, and cytoplasm, viruses lack these components, making it impossible for them to monitor or alter their internal environment. Viruses are contagious agents with both living and nonliving properties.

The ability to proliferate (but only in living host cells) and the capacity for mutation are two traits that define viruses as living organisms. No cells exist in viruses. Their genetic material is shielded by a protein covering on them (either DNA or RNA). However, they lack additional organelles like ribosomes or mitochondria that cells contain, as well as a cell membrane.

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Correct Question:

Which characteristic of living cells do viruses lack?

1. They lack structural proteins.

2. They lack nucleic acids to transmit viral characteristics.

3. They lack a complete replication apparatus.

4. They lack nucleic acid transcription.

5. They lack a complete replication apparatus.

A question that addresses the biggest ethical issues scientists must research before releasing genetically modified salmon into the wild: Will the genetically modified salmon introduce modified genes into the wild salmon population and what will be the impact on the ecosystem?

The correct answer is option 2.

Genetic engineering is a way of manipulating genes to produce new living things with desired traits. Genetic engineering is also called gene grafting or DNA recombination.

The code of ethics in genetic engineering emerged as a result of the application of genetic engineering which still raises many pros and cons. For example, human cloning creates many problems for human life, especially in terms of ethics and religious issues and beliefs, but on the other hand, there are several benefits. However, cloning is also useful where human organs can be cloned in secret so that they can be used as replacement organs for the owner of the organ cells themselves, to minimize the risk of violations.

So, ethics in genetics must also think about the effects on our environment. So, the correct answer to this question is the second option because it considers the state of the ecosystem.

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Answer:

D.cytoplasm

Explanation:

Cytoplasm is a jelly line substance which carries out chemical reactions in a cell.

Lysosome is a round organelle which contains digestive enzymes which break down unwanted material.

Mitochondrion are oval shaped and have a double membrane where aerobic respiration takes place, prodcing ATP in order to provide energy for cells.

Nucleoplasm is the fluid that surrounds the nucleus, which is similar to cytoplasm. Nucleoplasm helps to keep the nucleus in shape and contains nucleotides which are involved in DNA and RNA.

mRNA is converted into protein for performing its cellular function, the details are explained in the below section.

mRNA- There are many special styles of RNA that carry out features as RNA withinside the cell and are by no means translated into protein. These consist of tRNA, rRNA, and mRNA. The handiest RNAs that code for proteins are mRNAs. The sort of RNA that incorporates the statistics for creating a protein is referred to as messenger RNA (mRNA) as it contains the statistics, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Translation, the second one step in getting from a gene to a protein, takes vicinity withinside the cytoplasm.

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Answer:

the answer is stem cells

Cell growth phase where a cell increases in size, carries on metabolism, and duplicates chromosomes prior to division is known as interphase.

Divided into three stages: G1, S, and G2. During G1, the cell growth and carries out normal metabolic functions. In S phase, the cell replicates its chromosomes in preparation for cell division. In G2, the cell checks for any errors in replication before initiating cell division. Interphase is the period of the cell cycle during which a cell grows and replicates its DNA in preparation for cell division. During G1, the cell carries out normal metabolic functions, grows in size, and checks for any DNA damage. If the cell detects any damage, it can either repair the damage or initiate programmed cell death (apoptosis). In S phase, the cell replicates its DNA, doubling the number of chromosomes in preparation for cell division. This process is tightly regulated and controlled to ensure that each daughter cell receives a complete and accurate copy of the genetic material. In G2, the cell undergoes a final growth phase and checks for any errors that may have occurred during replication. If errors are detected, the cell may initiate apoptosis or delay cell division until the errors can be repaired. Once interphase is complete, the cell can enter the mitotic phase (M phase) and divide. Interphase is the longest phase of the cell cycle, taking up about 90% of the time, and it's the time when most of the cell's metabolic functions and growth occur.

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In messenger RNA, each codon specifies a particular amino acid. Here option C is the correct answer.

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in messenger RNA (mRNA) that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis. The genetic code is the set of rules by which the sequence of nucleotides in a gene specifies the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

The code is read in groups of three nucleotides, called codons, with each codon specifying a particular amino acid or stop signal. It's important to note that the genetic code is redundant, which means that more than one codon can code for the same amino acid, this is known as the degeneracy of the genetic code.

This allows for more flexibility in the genetic code and it increases the robustness of the system.

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Alveolar gas partial pressures change as Oxygen partial pressure increases in the lungs and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide decreases.

Because the artery is blocked, you will not be able to effectively exchange O2 and CO2; consequently, you will have greater partial pressure of O2 in the lungs than you normally would, and artery cannot effectively supply the CO2 that was produced to get expired, resulting in a decrease in CO2 partial pressure. Ventilation is unaffected, meaning that you are still breathing normally (no problem with inspiration or expiration).

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Scientists are able to use the fact that P-waves travel through both solids and liquids and waves travel through only solids to determine what makes the different layers of the Earth.

Earth-moving waves are called body waves. They spread inside the earth and possess incredibly intriguing powers in various media.

Body waves mostly come in two varieties:

Primary waves, also known as P-waves, are waves that may travel through solids, liquids, and gases. In nature, they are compressional waves. They typically arrive first at a seismic station.

Shearing is brought on by secondary waves, S-waves, or shear waves. Since they cannot be sheared in liquids or gases, they only move in solids.

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