The host cell may lyse or may continue to divide and replicate both itself and the prophage.
What is the effect of temperate bacteriophage on a host cell?Lytic cycle:
The infecting phage kills the host cell at the end of the lytic cycle, also known as a virulent infection, to create a large number of its own offspring. The phage genome immediately produces early proteins that degrade the host DNA after being injected into the host cell, enabling the phage to take over the cellular machinery.
The remaining proteins needed to construct fresh phage particles are subsequently synthesized by the phage using the host cell. The new genetic material is packed into the head while new daughter phage particles are built, and the heads and sheaths are created independently. In the course of this process, phage enzymes gradually weaken the host cells, which eventually burst, dispersing 100–200 additional phage progeny into the environment.
Lysogenic cycle:
The lysogenic cycle, also known as temperate or non-virulent infection, uses the host cell as a haven where it can survive in a latent state. It does not harm the host cell. After the phage DNA is injected into the host cell, it uses integrases encoded by the phage to integrate into the host genome, at which point it becomes known as a prophage.
The host cell divides for the duration that it is there and does not create the proteins necessary to make progeny, at which point the prophage genome is passively copied alongside the host genome. The bacterial hosts are typically somewhat unaffected by this procedure because the phage genome is typically quite tiny.
I understand the question you are looking for is this:
As a consequence of infection by a temperate bacteriophage such as lambda, the host cell
lyses as a result of bacteriophage release.never lyses but continues to divide and replicate both itself and the prophage.divides faster at moderate temperatures.may lyse or may continue to divide and replicate both itself and the prophage.Learn more about bacteriophages here:
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What is true about the thickness of the ozone layer?
It has gradually decreased in the last couple of years.
It has remained the same in the last couple of years.
It has entirely disappeared in the last couple of years.
It has gradually increased in the last couple of years.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The top answer is correct, over time it has become weaker.
Answer: The answer is A (It has gradually decreased in the last couple of years)
Over the Earth's surface, the ozone layer's average thickness is about 300 Dobson Units, or a layer that is 3 millimeters thick.The thickness of the ozone layer changes due to increasing concentrations of ozone-depleting substances in the atmosphere.Air motions also increase the ver- tical thickness of the ozone layer near the poles, which increases the value of total ozone in those regions. Tropospheric weather systems can temporarily reduce the thickness of the stratospheric ozone layer in a region, low- ering total ozone at the same time.It is thinning due to the release of man-made compounds called chlorofluorocarbons (CFC). The net effect that CFCs have on the ozone layer is to recombine an oxygen atom with an ozone molecule to form two oxygen molecules. From 1978 to 1991, global stratospheric ozone levels have decreased by 3%.What do we call Earth's orbit around the Sun?
intergalactic movement
Earth's revolution
Earth's rotation
galactic movement
Answer:
Earth's revolution
How do we know that the earth orbits the sun?If you study the stars and know where all the planets on the solar system are, you will notice that those stars alternate their motion in the sky, which means they do not orbit the Earth. In fact, the word "planet" originally means tricky star, suggesting that those "stars" did not behave like other normal stars.
The theory of universal gravity cannot be denied, since we are able to send satellites to outer space and have them orbit our plant. In fact, we are able to derive equations to figure out how fast the satellite need to orbit around the earth in relation to how high above the surface of the earth it is. The same mathematics that derived said information had also been used to derive the geosynchronous height from the Earth, which is the height at which a satellite orbiting the Earth, with the necessary speed to stay in circular orbit (not elliptical orbit), matches the Earth's rotation about its axis. Geosynchronous satellites are used for T.V. broadcasting and many other applications.
The formula for universal gravitation is GMm/r2, which means that the force of gravity on an object by another object are proportional to the masses of both objects, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them, and this proportion is multiplied by a constant G. It makes greater sense that the Earth revolves around the Sun, and not the other way around, because the mass of the Earth is way too small to apply a force strong enough to create a large enough acceleration on the sun to keep it in orbit around the Earth. If the Earth had enough mass to cause that huge of a gravitational force, then the moon will not remain in orbit around the Earth, but will fall closer the Earth and hit the Earth.
What is the revolution of a planet?The process through which a planet, let's say the earth, revolves around a huge mass that is significantly larger than the planet, such as the sun or any star. And the gravity between the two bodies is what causes this process to occur.
Receptors are needed for which type(s) of cell signaling?
A. Long range signaling
B. Direct contact
C. Short range messaging
D. Short and Long range
Receptors are needed for both Short and Long range cell signaling.
What are receptors?In the cell, there are some special proteins who play the role of receiving external signals. These are what we call receptors.
These receptors could function for both long and short range cell signaling. Hence, Receptors are needed for both Short and Long range cell signaling.
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1. a) Two nerve cells are shown below. In the drawing, label an axon, a dendrite, and a nucleus. Also
indicate where a
neurotransmitter would act. (4 points)
A nerve cell consists of a cell body or soma, a main fiber (axon) and many small branches (dendrites).
What is a neuron?A neuron or nerve cell forms the basic unit of brain and nervous system.These cells receive stimulus from the external world, relay the information to brain and help to generate a response.The neurons communicate with each other via special connections called synapses where they release neurotransmitter.A typical neuron consists of a cell body (soma), dendrites (brings information), and a single axon (send information away from neurons).The dendrites and axon branch out from the cell body.Cell body contains nucleus and specialized organelles.At the tip of axon are axon terminals where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signal across the synapse to other cell.Learn more about nerve cell here:
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Explain how cellular transport is used to maintain homeostasis is one of the following ways: [A]
- reabsorption of water in the nephron
- absorption of water by roots
- reabsorption of nutrients in the nephron
- release and reuptake of neurotransmitters by a neuron
Homeostasis control mechanisms normally occur through negative feedback processes, in this case, reabsorption of water in the nephron.
What is cellular homeostasis?Homeostasis is the process by which the organism maintains constant the constant internal conditions for life. The term is applied to the set of processes that prevent variations in the physiology of an organism.
The main function of homeostasis is to regulate the countless processes that take place in the body in order to keep it in a normal condition. So the majority of water reabsorption that occurs in the nephron is facilitated by the AQPs
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NAD+ is a limiting factor in glycolysis. In the absence of ____________________ the conversion of (1) ____________________ to NAD+ via the ______________________________ is prevented from happening.
In the absence of ADP, the conversion of NADH to NAD+ via the electron transport chain is prevented from happening.
What is glycolysis?Glycolysis is the series of reactions by which glucose is broken down to pyruvate by the body.
NAD+ is a limiting factor in glycolysis. In the absence of ADP, the conversion of NADH to NAD+ via the electron transport chain is prevented from happening.
In conclusion, NAD+ is a limiting factor in glycolysis.
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What feature of a phylogenetic tree shows a group of organisms that evolved from a common ancestor?
Host
Branch
Tree
Clade
Answer: Clade
Explanation:
Explain why plant forms of plankton are not as widespread throughout the depths of the oceans as the animal forms are
Explanation:
Phytoplankton is the base of several aquatic food webs . In a balanced ecosystem, they provide food for a wide range of sea creatures
Down in the ocean depths lot's of nutrients are available for the phytoplankton but without sunlight they can't grow phytoplankton use nutrients and must be transported to the surface
The cichlid is a colorful fish found in freshwater lakes. There are over a thousand species of cichlid fish today. If a species of cichlid became extinct, the niche the fish filled within the ecosystem would be left open. Explain how an available niche after extinction can lead to speciation.
An available niche after extinction can lead to speciation because it allows the emergence of genetic variation in other competing species.
What is speciation?Speciation is a slow process associated with the emergence of reproductive isolation barriers in a population.
These barriers lead to the absence of gene flow and eventually to the emergence of new species.
In conclusion, an available niche can lead to speciation in other competing species.
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3. Which of the following structures is the only hard part of the rotifer and the only part that is usually found as fossils?
A: stomach
B: foot
C: corona
C: trophi
The structures which is the only hard part of the rotifer and the only part that is usually found as fossils is trophi and is denoted as option D.
What is a Fossil?This is defined as the remains of plants and animals preserved in the earth crust.
The jaw of organisms known as rotifers are the only part found in fossils and is also referred to as the trophi which is used for mastication.
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Answer:
D. trophi
Explanation:
The only hard portion of the rotifer's body is the trophi. This area is the only part that is usually found in the fossil records.
Need help on this question
Answer:
the answer is B. Antigenic drift
The cichlid is a colorful fish found in freshwater lakes. There are over a thousand species of cichlid fish today. If a species of cichlid became extinct, the niche the fish filled within the ecosystem would be left open. Explain how an available niche after extinction can lead to speciation.
The niche available after extinction can lead to speciation because there would be an imbalance, making resources formerly occupied by extinct fishes vacant, providing the emergence of new species to take the place of the extinct species.
When does speciation occur?Speciation can be understood as processes that lead to the formation of new species. They occur due to differences in the genome of different populations of the same species that caused reproductive isolation and, consequently, the appearance of two different species.
With this information, we can conclude that Speciation is the process of formation of new species from lineage separation events from preexisting species.
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Question 10
Sensitive to the amount of light in our environment and releases melatonin.
O Pineal body
O Cerebellum
O Hypothalmus
O Corpus callosum
O Hippocampus
Answer: A. The Pineal body
Explanation: The pineal gland is responsible for releasing melatonin in response to a dark environment.
B. The cerebellum is largely responsible for motor functions such as walking and balance.
C. The hypothalamus is largely responsible for maintaining homeostasis within the body through the control of the autonomic nervous system and various hormones.
D. The corpus callosum is the "bridge" that helps the two hemispheres of the brain communicate with one another.
E. The hippocampus is largely responsible for learning and memory.
The measure of how stretched out an ellipse is, is referred to as ____.
A. Gravity
B. Weight
C. Mass
D. Eccentricity
D. The measure of how stretched out an ellipse is, is referred to as eccentricity.
What is eccentricity of ellipse?
Eccentricity for an ellipse is the ratio of the length of the semimajor axis (a) to the distance (c )between the ellipse's center and each focus.
e = c/a
The greatest ellipse has the smallest eccentricity, whereas the perfect circle has the maximum eccentricity. The eccentricity of an ellipse e, which ranges from 0 (the limiting case of a circle) to 1 (the length of the ellipse), is used to determine how long it is (the limiting case of infinite elongation, no longer an ellipse but a parabola). Because the distance from the fixed point on the plane has a constant ratio that is less than the distance from the fixed line on the plane, the eccentricity of an ellipse ranges from 0 to 1.
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Two fully heterozygous fruit flies are crossed. Complete the Punnett square and provide the probabilities for the genotype and phenotype for the offspring.
B= brown body
b= black body
E= red eyes
e= brown eyes
Please provide the probability in percentages
Fill in the blanks using the show your work tools
Answer:
Blanks in the boxes (left to right, top to bottom, as you would read)
BbEE
BbEE
BbEe
bbee
Genotypes (top to bottom blanks):
12.5%
6.25%
6.25%
Phenotype (top to bottom blanks):
56.25%
18.75%
18.75%
What process has increased pollutants and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? geothermal heat
production hydroelectric
power production
using biomass fuels
burning fossil fuels
Burning fossil fuels has increased pollutants and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
What consequences do fossil fuel burning have on the environment?
Carbon dioxide, water, and energy are produced when fossil fuels are burned; this process is referred to as "combustion".
Burning fossil fuels like coal and oil has increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere during the past century (CO2). This rise is brought on by the burning of coal or oil, which produces CO2 when airborne carbon and oxygen mix. When fossil fuels are burned, nitrogen oxides are released into the atmosphere and help to create smog and acid rain. Nitrogen oxides are the collective name for the most prevalent nitrogen-related substances released into the atmosphere as a result of human activity.
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What is the Linnaean system of classification? Why do scientists classify animals?
Answer:
-Linnaean Classification System: Classification of the Human Species.
-Biological scientists have worked to classify earth's organisms in a manner that would help us understand how both the present and the extinct species relate to each other.
Which curve indicates the most toxic substance?
dose-response curve. A steep dose-response curve is indicative of a chemical that is rapidly and extensively absorbed and slowly detoxified: therefore, the chemical is more toxic.
Complete the punnet square.
If we were to cross a heterozygous mouse with a homozygous recessive mouse, what would the probability of offspring genotypes be ?
Fill in the PERCENTAGE of the probability for EACH GENOTYPE on your show your work worksheet .
The probability of the offspring will be 50%, 50%, and 0% respectively.
Probability in geneticsIt seems the allele for the trait in question is F(f) from the image.
One parent is heterozygous while the other is homzygous.
Ff x FF
FF FF Ff Ff
Probability of FF = 2/4 or 50%
Probability of Ff = 2/4 or 50%
Probability of ff = 0
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The percentage of each genotype is;
Ff = 50%ff = 50%What is a cross?A cross is a system by which the genotype of an organism can be ascertained.
We are told that this cross is between a het--erozygous mouse with a hom--ozygous recessive mouse. Thus we have Ff and ff.
We now have the percentage of each genotype as;
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During the process of nerve conduction, a person experiences an increase in synaptic transmissions. Which of the following is a likely contributor to this?
An increase in alcohol consumption.
The body adjusting to a person taking a meditation class.
Doubling the amount of water a person drinks daily.
Drinking caffeinated beverages several times a day.
An increase in alcohol consumption
Alcohol can boost GABA activity in the brain in one of two ways: either by acting on the presynaptic cell, which increases GABA release, or. It can influence the postsynaptic (i.e., signal-receiving) neuron, promoting the GABAA receptor's activation.
The brain circuits that regulate motivational processes, such as arousal, reward, and stress, are altered by chronic alcohol consumption. These modifications impact systems that use dopamine, opioid peptides, -aminobutyric acid, glutamate, and serotonin as signaling molecules as well as systems that control the brain's stress response. Frequent episodes of intoxication, obsession with alcohol, use of alcohol in spite of negative effects, and a need to seek out and use alcohol are all signs of alcoholism developing.
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In this type of passive transport, materials may have their movements helped by membrane proteins.
Facilitated diffusion
Simple diffusion
Simple diffusion
Exocytosis
Place the steps of endochondral ossification in order, starting with the creation of a cartilage model and ending with the presence of epiphyseal plates between the diaphysis and epiphysis.
Answer bank:
1. The diaphysis center is vascularized, and osteoblasts deposit osteoid over calcified cartilage matrix.
2. Spongy bone and the medullary cavity form in the diaphysis.
3. Spongy bone forms in the epiphysis.
4. The epiphyseal center is vascularized, and osteoblasts deposit osteoid over calcified cartilage matrix.
5. A periosteal collar develops.
The correct steps of endochondral ossification is:
A periosteal bone collar develops.spongy bone and the medullary cavity form in the diaphysis.The diaphysis center is vascularized and osteoblasts deposit osteoid over calcified cartilage matrix.The epiphyseal center is vascularized and osteoblasts deposit osteoid over the calcified cartilage matrix.The spongy bone forms in epiphysis.Which bones grow by endochondral ossification?Long and short bones, such as the phalanges and femur, arise from a cartilage model formed by endochondral ossification. Distinguishing between these two types of osteogenesis does not imply the existence of multiple types of bone tissue.
Endochondral ossification mainly forms in two stages: modifications of the hyaline cartilage that ends with the death of chondrocytes and invasion of osteogenic cells and their differentiation into osteoblasts in the cavities previously occupied by chondrocytes for deposition.
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The questions are on the photo and they must be met
Answer:
it is not clear visible to answer it
NAD+ is a limiting factor in glycolysis. In the absence of ____________________ the conversion of (1) ____________________ to NAD+ via the ______________________________ is prevented from happening. In eukaryotes, the hydrogen atoms of the molecules mentioned in (1) are transferred to certain organic molecules in one of two methods: (2) ___________________________________ as can occur in yeast and ___________________________________ as can occur in human cells. In the process mentioned in (2), the hydrogen atoms are passed to ____________________, which is then converted to a molecule of ethanol. During this a molecule of ____________________ is oxidized to a molecule of ____________________, which allows glycolysis to continue on.
The correct options to fill in the gaps are:
ADP; NADH, and electron transport chainalcohol fermentation; lactic acid fermentation; acetaldehyde; NADH; and NAD+What is the role of NAD+ in glycolysis?NAD+ serves as an electron acceptor in glycolysis. It accepts two electrons to become reduced to NADH + H+.
NAD+ is a limiting factor in glycolysis. In the absence of ADP, the conversion of NADH to NAD+ via the electron transport chain is prevented from happening.
In eukaryotes, the hydrogen atoms of the molecules mentioned in are transferred to certain organic molecules in one of two methods: alcohol fermentation as can occur in yeast and lactic acid fermentation as can occur in human cells. In the process mentioned in, the hydrogen atoms are passed to acetaldehyde, which is then converted to a molecule of ethanol. During this a molecule of NADH is oxidized to a molecule of NAD+, which allows glycolysis to continue on.
In conclusion, NAD+ concentration is limiting to glycolysis.
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What is communal defense?
A. The group takes care of the old and young.
B. The group can defend each other and gang up on a predator when it comes to attack.
C. The group can leave behind those that harm the group.
D. The group shares food with each other.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The group can defend each other and gang up on a predator when it comes to attack
Answer: B. The group can defend each other and gang up on a predator when it comes to attack.
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Complete the sentence. Warming temperatures are increasing the occurrence of wildfires. After a fire, ______________ occurs as the habitat slowly redevelops with vegetation.
limiting phenomenon
peak phenomenon
primary succession
secondary succession
Warming temperatures are increasing the occurrence of wildfires. After a fire, primary succession occurs as the habitat slowly redevelops with vegetation
When a new piece of land is produced or is first exposed, primary succession occurs. This may occur, for instance, when lava solidifies and forms new rocks or when a glacier recedes and reveals bare rocks. In the primary succession, organisms have to start over.
The process through which plants and animals first populate a sterile area is known as primary succession. On a recently formed volcanic island, for instance, seeds carried by the wind may lodge in crevices when the rock cools.
The form of ecological succession known as primary succession occurs when organisms inhabit a region that is essentially lifeless.
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Answer:
c
Explanation:
how can a mutation in a gene lead to a new trait in organism?
Answer: The mutation gene codes for a protein that causes a new trait.
Explanation:
[OSS.01] The picture below shows the most widely accepted model of the solar system.
Earth
Sun
2010 FLVS
Which of these statements best describes a function of this model?
K
The function of this model is option A: that is it helps us to understand the details of scientific concept.
What are the 7 solar systems?There are known to be 7 planets and they all are known to revolve round the Sun, they are:
Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter SaturnUranusNeptune.Note that Scientific models are tools that are often used to explain and tell the behavior of real objects or systems and also they functions or they are used in a a lot of scientific disciplines, such as physics and chemistry, etc.
Therefore, The function of this model is option A: that is it helps us to understand the details of scientific concept.
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You are reviewing a skeleton with severe trauma to the left clavicle, left scapula, and left humerus. The skull is severely fragmented as well. You notice the clavicle is separated cleanly in half mid-diaphysis. Nearby, the anterior portion the scapula has a dramatic cleft that is straight margined on its left (lateral) margin and shows jagged fracture and wastage of bone on its right (medial) margin. It progresses a full inch and a half or more downward posteriorly. The Humerus has a deep lateral transverse incision with slight chipping, deeper in the posterior aspect than the anterior. The skull is highly fragmented and bears fractures radiating from straight margin sites of trauma. The causative wounds are medium in width (3.5 mm) but very long (one runs from the most superior aspect of the right parietal, through the entirety of the left parietal at a diagonal and exits the anterior/inferior left parietal with fragmentation/wastage there and a nearby notch on the superior left zygomatic. There are three blows to this side of the skull (left), the one described is clearly the largest. Its radiating fractures end in those of the others or in bone sutures of the vault creating large triangular or irregular fragments. These blows show some wastage, biased toward the anterior aspect of each, with no evidence of crushed margins, but instead coarse striations. Which two types of trauma are indicated? What does the nature of the wounds indicate might be a likely implement? What does the order of trauma indicate about the positioning of the perpetrator and victim in this context?
The type of trauma that are indicated are both complex and chronic traumas.
What is trauma?Trauma can be defined as the serious event that can negatively affect the emotional, physical and mental being of an individual.
From the excerpt given, the two types of trauma represented are:
Chronic trauma: This is the type of trauma that is severe or very serious. Example is the fragmented skull and separation of the clavicle neatly in half mid-diaphysis.Complex trauma: This occurs when there is exposure to numerous events that causes trauma.The nature of the wound indicates that the cause would be of direct force from blows.
The positioning of the perpetrator and the victim according to the order of the trauma is that both of them where involved in a fight.
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What does the biodiversity of genes refer to?
A. the variety between individuals, even within a species
B. the variety between species
C. the variety between identical twins and triplets
Answer:
B
Explanation:
genetic diversity is the biological variation that occur within species