The amount of Bad Debt Expense zap industries reported in 2021 was $15,200 if company has recorded no write-offs or recoveries.
How to calculate Bad Debt Expense ?When a receivable is no longer recoverable as a result of a customer's inability to pay an outstanding debt owing to bankruptcy or other financial issues, a bad debt expense is recorded.
Bad debt expenses equation can be recognized using two methods:
Direct Method With this approach, the business directly records the cost of bad debt. Since this procedure does not adhere to the matching concept specified in the "generally accepted accounting principle," the business does not typically employ it.Allowance Method According to this method, bad debts are recognised as a portion of sales made or outstanding debtors based on their ageing and are transferred to a different account known as Allowance for Doubtful Debts.The opening balance of the allowance account = $71,800
The closing balance of the allowance account = $87,000
The amount of bad debt expense = $87,000- $71,800
= $15,200
The amount of bad debt expense reported in 2021 is $15,200.
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you can obtain a loan of $100,000 at a rate of 10 percent for two years. you have a choice of (i) paying the interest (10 percent) each year and the total principal at the end of the second year or (ii) amortizing the loan, that is, paying interest (10 percent) and principal in equal payments each year. the loan is priced at par. what is the duration of the loan under both methods of payment? explain the difference in the two results.
the duration of the loan under both methods of payment:
(i) D = 1.9091
(ii) D = 1.4762
the difference between the two outcomes:
When a portion of the principal is repaid at the end of year one, the duration decreases dramatically. The duration of an asset is its weighted-average maturity. When early payments are given more weight, the effective maturity of the asset is reduced.
Loan for two years: Interest at the end of the first year; Principal and interest at the end of the second year
Par value = $100,000
Coupon rate = 10%
Annual payments
R = 10%
Maturity = 2 years
Two-year loan: Amortized over two years
Par value = $100,000
Coupon rate = 10%
Annual amortized payments = $57,619.05
R = 10%
Maturity = 2 years
Annual amortized payments is calculated as
× 1−(1+10%)−2 / 10% =100,000, PMT = 57,619.05
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you plan to fund your individual retirement account (ira) with the maximum contribution of $2,000 at the end of each year for the next 10 years. if you can earn 10 percent on your contributions, how much will you have at the end of the tenth year?
The annuity payment has a cumulative value of $31,874 at the end of the tenth year
In order to answer this issue, we must determine how much money I would have at the conclusion of the 10th year if the contributor contributed a maximum of $2,000 at the end of each of the next ten years and earned a 10% return on his investment.
The annuity formula can be used to resolve this type of issue. In other words, the accumulated value at the conclusion of the tenth year can be determined using the annuity formula.
A set of payments that are made at regular intervals is known as an annuity.
The formula for annuity future value is:
Payment for an annuity * [(1 + r)n - 1]/r
where n is the number of years and r is the discount rate.
We have determined the following to be utilized in this query:
in the equation.
The annual maximum payable contribution for an annuity is $2000.
Years equals 10 years.
The discount rate is 10 percent (10/100) or 0.1.
These numbers are entered into the formula:
Future accumulated value is equal to 2000 times [(1+0.1)101]/0.1, or 2000 times [(1+0.1)101].
/0.1
= 2,000 * (2.5937-1)/0.1 = 2,000 * (1.5937)/0.1 = 2,000 * 15.937
= $31,874
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A retirement or abandonment of an asset is different from a sale of an asset because?.
A retirement or abandonment of an asset is different from a sale of an asset since a loss must be recognized for the remaining book value.
When a durable asset stops being used, it is regarded as having been disposed of. A retired or abandoned asset loses value by the carrying amount that applied at the time of retirement or abandonment. The asset's carrying value is then reduced by the resulting loss. An asset's retirement or abandonment differs from its sale in that no money is exchanged.
The remaining book value requires a loss to be recorded. When an asset is permanently withdrawn from service, it is counted as retired. Asset retirement might happen via procedures like a sale to a different party or disposal because of obsolescence.
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silicon is used for the manufacturing of semiconductor chips. at the end of last year a large new source of silicon has been discovered this year and the price of silicon has decreased by 15%. semiconductor chips are used in devices, cell phones, gaming systems, and this year many new devices are now using chips. if you were drawing a supply and demand graph to illustrate the changes to the semiconductor market since last year, what would you say has happened to the supply and demand curves and the equilibrium price and quantity this year?
It is a tetravalent metalloid and semiconductor that has a blue-grey metallic sheen and is a hard, brittle crystalline solid.
Chemical element silicon has the chemical symbol Si (silicon) and atomic number 14. It is a tetravalent metalloid and semiconductor that has a blue-grey metallic sheen and is a hard, brittle crystalline solid. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table, which is above carbon and below germanium, tin, lead, and flerovium. It doesn't react all that much.
It wasn't until 1823 that Jon's Jakob Berzelius was able to prepare and analyze it in pure form due to its strong chemical affinity for oxygen. Its oxides belong to the silicate family of anions. Only boron has higher melting and boiling points than its respective values of 1414 °C and 3265 °C among all metalloids and nonmetals.
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true or false: a taxpayer will use the luxury automobile limitations for depreciation in the year the car is purchased, then the regular macrs depreciation percentages will be applied for the remaining recovery periods.
The statement is False. A taxpayer will use the luxury automobile limitations for depreciation in the year the car is purchased, then the regular macros depreciation percentages will be applied for the remaining recovery periods.
Depreciation journal access is the journal access exceeded to record the discount in the price of the fixed assets because of ordinary put on and tear, regular usage or technological changes, and so on., wherein the depreciation account could be debited, and the respective constant asset account could be credited.
Depreciation is the systematic discount of the recorded price of a set asset. Examples of fixed assets that can be depreciated are buildings, fixtures, and workplace systems. The handiest exception is land, which is not depreciated (considering land isn't depleted through the years, excluding herbal resources).
The depreciation rate appears at the earnings assertion, even as amassed depreciation seems at the balance sheet. The balance in the depreciation expense account is a debit, even as the balance within the amassed depreciation account is a credit score.
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in the phase, the organization performs changes, corrections, additions, and upgrades to ensure the system continues to meet business goals. multiple choice question.
In the maintenance phase, the organization performs changes, corrections, additions, and upgrades to ensure the system continues to meet business goals. It is because in the maintenance phase, there are several maintenance through the organization to make a better function in there.
Based on SDLC or known as System Development Life Cycle, there are several phases, such as planning, analysis, design, development, testing, implementation, and maintenance.
The maintenance phase in the business or an organization happens after the project team deploys the software. Maintenance phase has several activities such as monitors the software to ensure it continues to operate by customer according to the coding specifications.
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kinsey corporation issues $100,000 of 8% bonds, due in 25 years, when the market rate of interest is 9%. interest is paid semiannually on june 30 and december 31. the issue price of the bonds is:
The $100,000 8% bonds from Kinsey Corporation have a 25-year maturity and a 9% market interest rate. Interest is paid twice a year on June 30 and December 31. The issue price of the bond is $90,119.
What does the term "bond issuance" mean?Governments and businesses issue bonds when they need to raise capital. In essence, you are making a loan to the issuer when you buy a bond. In return, they agree to repay you the full amount of the loan on a specific date and to pay you interest on a regular basis (typically twice a year).
In the given question,
Face value= $100,000
Interest rate= 8%
Since interest is paid semi-annually, its value is
Interest= 100000 X [tex]\frac{8}{100}[/tex] X [tex]\frac{6}{12}[/tex] = 4000
Market interest rate = 9%
Time = 25 years
Annuity factor's current value= [tex]\frac{1- (1+r)^{-n} }{r}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{1- (1+0.045)^{-50} }{0.045}[/tex]
=19.7620089
Present value factor= [tex]\frac{1}{(1+r)^{n} }[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{1}{(1+0.045)^{50} }[/tex]
= 0.11070965
Bond value is calculated as follows:
= (Present annuity factor value X interest payment) + (present value factor × face value)
= (19.7620089 X 4000) + (0.11070965 X 100000)
= 90,119 (approx)
The bonds have a $90,119 issue price.
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You follow the suggestion of your cousin on which computer to buy. What category of influence is this?
50 Points/Please give a real answer only else will have to report the account.
Thank you.
the employment interview asks all applicants a set of standardized questions; this produces data that can be compared and provides a basis for evaluating the applicants. group of answer choices true
In a structured interview, the interviewer uses a prearranged list of questions to ask the candidate.
Which interview style employs pre-formulated questions?A structured interview is a sort of interview that uses a predetermined list of standard questions to collect data. In contrast, an unstructured interview is a sort of interview that does not rely on a predetermined set of questions to collect data. Before conducting a more in-depth interview, you can acquire some basic qualification information about candidates during a pre-screening interview, often known as a pre-employment screening. After the pre-screening interview, you can get in touch with the company for a hiring update if you haven't heard anything after a week. If you're uncertain about your status after the prescreening interview, send the hiring manager a brief follow-up email.
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ray has a great idea for a dating app, but he doesn't have the funds to develop and launch it. his brother offers to help him develop it for free, in exchange for a percentage of future profits. what type of financing resource is ray using? a.) factoring b.) peer-to-peer lending c.) trade credit d.) sweat equity
Peer-to-peer networks protect your personal and financial information just as a typical bank or online lender would, in terms of security.
Peer-to-peer lending: how does it operate?P2P lending uses online channels to establish direct communication between those looking to lend money and those looking to borrow money. As a result, you obtain financing from private investors who have registered on a P2P lending platform rather than a bank or credit union. Peer-to-peer networks protect your personal and financial information just as a typical bank or online lender would, in terms of security. They can be made to a person, business, or organization. Student loans, commercial and real estate loans, payday loans, secured company loans, leasing, and factoring are some more types of peer-to-peer lending.
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in a single-stage decision tree problem, you make first and then all you wait to see a(n) .
In a single-stage decision tree problem, all decisions are made first and then all uncertainty is resolved.
Every path from a root to a leaf in a decision tree corresponds to a state in a state-based representation. However, it is frequently easier and more effective to express and think in terms of certain properties, which are referred to as variables.
All decisions in a single-stage design model must be made at the start of the planning horizon. Particularly, a single-stage formulation results in the identification of a system design that can address the entire spectrum of production issues, both present and future.
This refers to making a single choice in response to the input scenario tree, where the choice is represented by a striped circle at the decision node. The FFMS design approach's two-stage stochastic formulation enables the modeling of the manufacturing system's reconfiguration at a later time stage.
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Correct question:
In a single-stage decision tree problem, all ----- are made first and then all ------ is (are) resolved.
assume disposable income increased by $2,500 and consumption spending increased by $2,000. what is the marginal propensity to consume (mpc)?
The marginal propensity to consume (MPC) was 0.2 .
The marginal propensity to save (MPS) is an economic measure of how savings change as income changes. It is simple to calculate by dividing the change in savings by the change in income. A higher MPS suggests that small changes in income result in large changes in savings, and vice versa.
The Master Production Schedule (MPS) is a comprehensive timetable of our future production. It specifies what product will be manufactured, when it will be manufactured, and in what quantity.
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What was the name of the series of letters written to convince the states that ratifying the constitution was the right decision?.
The Federalists Papers were written and published to urge New Yorkers to ratify the proposed United States Constitution.
The Federalist, often known as the Federalist Papers, is a collection of 85 essays published between October 1787 and May 1788 by James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton. The pieces were printed under the alias "Publius" in a number of publications in the state of New York at the time.
The Federalist Papers are still widely regarded as the most reliable source for identifying the original intent of the US Constitution's authors and are one of the most important American contributions to political philosophy and theory.
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true or false: in the second stage of activity based costing, the costs in the activity cost pools are allocated to products using a variety of cost drivers.
The statement is True. In the second stage of activity-based costing, the costs in the activity cost pools are allocated to products using a variety of cost drivers.
Examples of value drivers are direct labor hours labored, the variety of purchaser contacts made, the range of engineering change orders issued, the number of machine hours used, and the number of product returns from clients.
A cost driver simplifies the allocation of producing overhead. An appropriate allocation of manufacturing overhead is essential to determine the proper cost of a product. Inner control makes use of the price of a product to decide the fees for the goods they produce.
A hobby cost driving force refers to movements that motivate variable prices to boom or decrease for a commercial enterprise. Consequently, figuring out what product/provider is causing unique charges can assist the enterprise to grow to be extra worthwhile by higher expertise in the precise activities that are using the prices.
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at one time, as a condition of employment, the employer could make the employee sign a statement prohibiting the worker from joining a union. what was this called?
Previously, the employer might require the worker to sign a declaration saying they are not allowed to join a union as a condition of employment. National Education Association, if that's what it was (NEA).
The largest union in the country is the National Education Association (NEA). It is made up of teachers and other support staff from public schools, academic staff from colleges and universities, retired educators, and college students majoring in education.
National Education Association (NEA), an American voluntary organization of educators working in colleges, institutions, and elementary and secondary schools. It is the biggest professional association in the world. Washington, D.C. serves as its administrative center.
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a professionally managed portfolio of assets intended to provide income to retirees is called: multiple choice a mutual fund. a stock. a derivative. investing by proxy.
Mutual fund to provide income to retirees
An individual or organization in charge of managing a mutual fund, hedge fund, or other assets in a portfolio is known as a portfolio manager.
A portfolio is a collection of financial investments, such as commodities, securities, stocks, and bonds. The portfolio manager is an expert who manages the resources of their clients to achieve the specified investment goals.
The selection of the securities that go into a portfolio and control of its daily trading are the main responsibilities of a portfolio manager.
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if a balance sheet shows $4 million in current assets, $7 million in long-term assets, $2 million in current liabilities and $6 million in long-term liabilities, what is the company's net working capital? $2 million $3 million $1 million $4 million
The current assets mentioned are $4 million while the current liabilities are $2 million in current liabilities, therefore company net working capital is $2 million.
Hence, option A is correct.
What is net working capital?
Net Working capital can be defined as the difference between a company current assets which can be in the form of cash, accounts , unpaid bills , inventories and its current liabilities which can be account payable and debts. It helps in measuring short term liquidity, management of company and to utilize resources efficiently.
Net working capital = Current assets - Current liabilities
= $4 million - $2 million
= $2 million
Hence, the company net working capital is $2 million.
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1. what are the differences between bottom-up and top-down approaches to security valuation? what are the advantages of a top-down approach?
The top-down approach analyzes risk by aggregating the impact of internal operational failures while the bottom-up approach analyzes the risks in an individual process using models.
The top-down management strategy is one in which decisions are made at the highest level and then communicated to the remainder of the team. This approach may be employed at the project, team, or even business level, and can be tailored to the demands of the specific group.
The Martha Stewart Living company, for example, is owned and managed by lifestyle expert Martha Stewart. As a result, Stewart makes the decisions, holds the most equity in the company, and drives brand awareness due to her worldwide popularity.
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you just saw a video advertisement that shows an interview with a celebrity who says her life changed for the better when she started using a specific face cream, but to receive the product at the half price, you must call now. what technique has the advertising company used to persuade you to buy the face cream?
Urgency has the advertising company used to persuade you to buy the face cream
What is the Urgency technique?
In order to convince their audience and potential consumers to buy your product or obtain it at the best price, professionals in the field of sales utilize the tactic of urgency. Making clients feel pressured into making a purchase immediately rather than later can assist.
The audience's fear of missing out on something worthwhile, or FOMO, is frequently the target of urgent advertising. Typically, two factors must be combined in order to successfully appeal to this fear of missing out. The adverts often start out by explaining why the product is appealing. Second, they restrict the number of products offered, provide a sale price for a brief period of time, or combine these two standards.
What are the advantages of increasing sales urgency?
Your organization can profit in a number of ways from instilling a sense of urgency in sales. The following are a few of the most typical advantages of building urgency in sales:
assisting clients in taking quick decisions
Increasing sales and the perceived worth of your goods
Increasing consumer interest in your products
providing quick feedback on the effectiveness of sales strategies
simplifying the purchasing process for your clients
lowering the likelihood that buyers will make different choices
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the primary insurer has a 40% quota share treaty with a reinsurer as shown below: the risk premium is decided as 0.002 of the risk amount (sum insured) the sum insured by the primary insurer is 1,000,000. according to the treaty, the primary insurer retain 60% of the sum insured and the reinsurer accept the 40% of the sum insured. at the end of the insurance period, the amount of losses is reported as 800,000. how much does the reinsurer accept the risk, which is the value of x in the table?
The value of (X) reinsurer accepts is 400000. the value of (Z) reinsurer accepts is 320000. the value of (Y) reinsurer accepts is 800.
The primary insurer retains = Sum Assured x% of primary retains = 1,000,000 x 60% = 600,000.
Reinsurer accepts = Sum Assured x% of Reinsurer Quota Share = 1000000 x 40% = 400000
The reinsurer accepts a premium of x% of the reinsurer quota share, which is 2000 multiplied by 40% to equal 800.
The losses the reinsurer accepts = losses x% of reinsurer quota share = 800000 x 40% = 320000
The value of (Z) that the reinsurer accepts is 320000.
The standard regular conjugation is used after "accepts": I accept, you accept, he or she accepts (singular); we accept, you accept, they accept (plural). A company that offers financial security to insurance companies is referred to as a reinsurer. Reinsurers manage risks that are too big for insurance companies to manage on their own and enable insurers to attract more business than they otherwise would.
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All year-end tax reporting forms for the preceding calendar year must be delivered to the employees by ______________.
Fill the blank with "31st of January of the following year." Thus, to complete the sentence, it will be "All year-end tax reporting forms for the preceding calendar year must be delivered to the employees by 31st of January of the following year."
By January 31 of the year after the tax year, both employees and non-employees must receive annual payroll tax forms. The IRS has a deadline for receiving tax reporting forms pertaining to the Social Security Administration on the last day of January.
The end of the year (month of December) is really an ideal time to be reminded to review your records to verify that the information is still valid if you are an employee because you can always make changes to your tax forms.
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impossible corporation just paid a dividend of $1.93 per share. the dividends are expected to grow at 24 percent for the next eight years and then level off to a growth rate of 3.5 percent indefinitely. if the required return is 12 percent, what is the price of the stock today? (do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Consequently, the share price is $78.09
The dividend growth model establishes the connection between a stock's intrinsic value and dividend payments. The stock's value is based on the present value of all dividends discounted at the required rate of return, and it assumes that dividend growth is constant.
The stock price after eight years is as follows:
D0 = $1.93 The growth rate over the next eight years is 12 percent; D8 = D0 * (1 + 0.16)8 = $4.26 The growth rate after that is g = 0.05; D9 = D8 * (1 + 0.05) = $4.475 Let the price be P8 after eight years. The required return is 11 percent = 0.11.
What differentiates growth from growth rate?The factor by which a quantity multiplies itself over time is called the growth factor. The sum by which a quantity grows or shrinks over time is known as its growth rate.
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what does you have reached the purchase limit for this item on amazon mean if you haven't bought it before??
It means that for a month you can't buy the same category of product from the same account.
Why does this happens?
In order to ensure that maximum customers benefit from their selection and prices, sometimes they limit their quantities for certain of their products. The limits vary from 999 units of that items to their cart.
The product limit can vary accordingly to the situation needs. Therefore the product limit can vary according to the availability of product, supply chain mechanism and the user.
The company limits in order to avoid bulk orders by company, gives chances to other companies.
Hence, It means that for a month you can't buy the same category of product from the same account.
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the optimistic regional sales manager wondered what the selling price of the soda would need to be in order to achieve a 20% increase in the contribution per unit?
The selling price of a good or service is the final cost to the seller, or what the buyer actually pays. A commodity or service in a specific amount, weight, or measurement can be exchanged. It is one of the most crucial things for a business to decide.
The price a buyer pays to purchase a good or service is known as the selling price. A portion of the profit is also included in the price, which is higher than the cost price.
($0.28 * 1.2) + $0.48 = $0.82
Variable cost plus (Contribution margin * 1.2) Equals new selling price
It is significant since it determines whether or not it will survive. Sales of a product are directly impacted by its price. Because it heavily influences how many units of a product are sold, determining the selling price is a very delicate subject. The selling price can be determined using a variety of methods and formulas.
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true or false: the appropriate investment plan depends only on the total amount of money he intends to save, not on the investment objective. true false continue without saving
False; the investment strategy that is best for him depends only on how much money he intends to save overall, not on his investment goals. false Continue without saving if true.
An asset or object purchased with the intention of generating income or appreciation is referred to as an investment. The term "appreciation" investment describes a rise in an asset's worth over time. When a person buys a product as an investment, they don't intend to utilize it money right away; instead, they plan to use it to make money later on.
An investment is usually the use of a resource today—time, effort, investment money, or an asset—in the anticipation of receiving a larger return than what was first invested. A financial asset, for instance, might money be bought by an investor now with the hope that it would provide income later on or be sold for more money.
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georga's restaurants has 5,000 bonds outstanding with a face value of $1,000 each and a coupon rate of 8.25 percent. the interest is paid semiannually. what is the amount of the annual interest tax shield if the tax rate is 37 percent?
The amount of the annual interest tax shield if the tax rate is 37 percent is 152625.00.
How much is the yearly interest tax shield?
=5000*1000*8.25%*37%
=152625.00
In scenarios described in its various provisions, the Interest Tax Act of 1974 regulates the tax procedure related to the imposition and collection of Interest Tax.
All Scheduled Banks that must pay tax on the chargeable interest amounts they have on their deposits are covered by the Act.
The rate at which this interest tax must be applied is 7% (seven percent) of the total amount of chargeable interest. For interest accrued after 31 March 1983, the rate was changed to 3.5% (Three and a half percent), 3% (Three percent) subject to specific restrictions after 31 March 1992, 2% (Two percent) after 31 March 1997, and there was no interest tax accruing or arising after 31 March 2000. Government taxation is 15.5% overall in India.
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marriott builds a hotel for $34 million and sells it to a banking firm for $52 million. marriott charges the banking firm 2-4% of gross revenues to operate the hotel. this business transaction is knows as
Marriott constructs a hotel for $34 million and sells it for $52 million to a banking group. To operate the hotel, Marriott charges the banking company 2-4% of gross revenue. A management contract is a name given to this form of business transaction.
What is a management contract?A management contract is an agreement in which operational control of an enterprise is delegated to a separate enterprise that performs the essential managerial responsibilities in exchange for a fee. Management contracts entail not just selling a technique of doing things but also performing them. A management contract can include a wide variety of responsibilities, including technical operation and administration of a manufacturing plant, personnel management, accounting, marketing services, and training.
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which of the following statements is correct? question 27 options: a) a change in demand is a movement along the demand curve, and a change in quantity demanded is a shift of the demand curve. b) both a change in quantity demanded and a change in demand are movements along the demand curve, only in different directions. c) a change in quantity demanded is a movement along the demand curve, and a change in demand is a shift of the demand curve. d) both a change in quantity demanded and a change in demand are shifts of the demand curve, only in different directions.
Statement C is correct: A change in quantity demanded is a movement along the demand curve, and a change in demand is a shift of the demand curve.
A demand curve in economics is a graph that shows the relationship between a commodity's price (on the y-axis) and how much of it is demanded at that price (on the x-axis). Demand curves can be used to analyze the price-quantity connection for either a single consumer (an individual demand curve) or for all consumers in a specific market (a market demand curve).
Demand curves are often thought to slope downward, as the figure to the right illustrates. This is due to the rule of demand, which states that for most things, the quantity required decreases as the price increases. This rule does not apply in some peculiar circumstances.
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monopolies use their market power to group of answer choices increase the quantity sold as they increase price. charge a price that is higher than marginal cost. dump excess supplies of their product on the market. charge prices that equal minimum average total cost.
If a competitive firm increases price, it loses all customers: they have perfect substitutes available from numerous other firms. Monopoly power, also called market power, is the ability to set price.
Firms with market power face a downward sloping demand curve. A monopolist is considered to be a price maker and can set the price of the product that it sells. However, the monopolist is constrained by consumer willingness and ability to purchase the good, also called demand. Once a monopolist determines how much to produce, the price of its output is determined by the maximum amount that consumers are willing to pay for the good. A monopolist produces a quantity such that marginal revenue equals marginal cost. The price is determined by the demand curve.
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a business process can be thought of as a series of events that bring together three elements in ways that create valuable outcomes. two of those elements are people and technology. what is the third element?
The third element is Information.
a business process can be thought of as a series of events that bring together three elements (people, technology, and information) in ways that create valuable outcomes
A business process is a set of tasks or activities carried out by a group of stakeholders in order to achieve an organizational goal. People or systems carry out processes in a structured manner to achieve a predefined goal. Efficient and streamlined business process execution directly contributes to the success and growth of business operations.
The work is done by the people. This work is more efficient with accurate information. Technology enables people to complete their tasks while also monitoring and controlling information. Thus, businesses can achieve organizational efficiency by balancing the three and optimizing the relationships between people, information, and technology, businesses can achieve organizational efficiency.
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