At the end of a quiet inspiration, an additional volume of air can be inhaled. What is this additional amount of air called

Halo stars formed before disk stars and the protogalatic cloud(s) contained essentially no elements besides hydrogen and helium.

The hierarchical growth of huge galaxies like the Milky Way results in the natural by-product of extended star haloes. Our galaxy's star halo should contain traces of past merger events if this process is a significant contributor to the galaxy's expansion. However, it is difficult to reliably identify real halo stars. Aims. We have entered a new phase of galactic astronomy with the launch of the Gaia space telescope. Over two million stars the majority of which are in the solar neighbourhood have their locations, parallaxes, and proper motions listed in the initial Gaia data release. This sample will be expanded to include more than 1.5 billion stars in the second Gaia data release, of which 5 million will be fully phase-space characterized stars.

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The height of the plane delivering a food package to people stranded on an island is 722.2 m.

The time taken for the food package to hit the ground level is calculated as follows;

X = vt

where;

t = X/v

t = 789/65

t = 12.14 seconds

h = ¹/₂gt²

where;

h = (0.5)(9.8)(12.14²)

h = 722.2 m

Thus, the height of the plane delivering a food package to people stranded on an island is 722.2 m.

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Answer:

722.2

Explanation:

The velocity of the wood board which is resting on very smooth ice in the middle of a frozen lake relative to this ice is 0.905 m/s

It states the amount of momentum remains constant

Momentum of a moving body is the product of mass times velocity.

Formula for momentum:

When the two objects collides, then the initial collision of the two body is equal to the final collision of two bodies by the law of conservation of momentum.

here,

mass of wood, m=58.5 kg

mass of boy, M=41.7 kg

velocity of the boy V=1.27 m/s

Thus,

The conservation of momentum,

m*v = M*V

substituting the value,

(58.5*v) = 1.27* 41.7

v = 52.95 / 58.5

v = 0.905 m/s

Thus, the velocity of the wood board which is resting on very smooth ice in the middle of a frozen lake relative to this ice is 0.905 m/s.

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The enantiomeric excess of (r)-mandelic acid in the mixture IS 80%.

The optical rotation of the mandelic acid was measured on a Perkin rotation of the optically active mandelic acid. Ethanol isn't always a suitable solvent for resolution due to the fact the salts are very soluble in it.

Enantiomers excess = (mixture/pure) × 100

                                 ⇒   excess enantiomers  = +120/+150 ×  100

                                 ⇒  excess enantiomers = 80%

A Racemic aggregate Is An equal aggregate Of two Enantiomers And Has a specific Rotation of 0° (Optically Inactive) the 2 components of “racemic acid” are (2S,3S)-tartaric acid, that is levorotatory, or (–); and (2R, 3R) tartaric acid, that is dextrorotatory.

Mandelic acid loosens the bonds that adhere the dead or antique pores and skin cells to the pores and skin surface. This allows the shedding of antiques.

The angle of rotation in ranges of the plane of polarization of a ray of monochromatic light that passes via a tube lengthy containing the substance.

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Answer:

Here! Try this Website!: www.britannica.com › science › physical-science physical science | Definition, History, & Topics | Britannica. So you will learn a lot more about science, history, and topics about it!

Answer:i have no idea

Explanation:

The path of a charged particle moving parallel to a uniform magnetic field will be straight line

Force on a charged particle moving in a magnetic field can be calculated by = q.(v*B )

q = charge of the particle

v = velocity of the particle

B = magnetic field

theta = angle between v and B

q . (v B sin (theta) )

Since,  particle is parallel to the magnetic field

hence , theta = 0°

so sin(theta) = sin 0° = 0

hence , force = 0

since , there is no force acting on the particle it will remain in that motion in hat it was when it initially came in the magnetic field . Hence It will be moving along a straight line path because the magnetic force on the charged particle is zero.

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Answer:

St. Elmo's Fire - well known to old time sailors

The work done on the box is 350 Joule.

Work is done on an object when the displacement of the object is not perpendicular to the direction of the applied force. The unit of Work is Joule (J)

Given that 70N force pulls a box straight up 5 m above the ground.

Work is the product of force F and the distance S. That is,

W = F x S

Where

Substitute the two parameters into the formula above

W = 70 x 5

W = 350 J

Therefore, the work done on the box is 350 Joule.

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Comparison of the range:

If a second projectile is launched with half of the initial velocity of the first projectile. The range of the second projectile is one-fourth of the first one.

Calculation:

Step-1:

It is given that the first particle has an initial velocity of [tex]v_0[/tex], and the second particle has an initial velocity of [tex]\frac{v_0}{2}[/tex]. It is required to compare the range of the second projectile with the first one.

It is known that the range of a projectile is calculated as,

[tex]R=\frac{u^{2} \sin 2 \theta}{g}[/tex]

Where u is the initial speed, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and [tex]\theta[/tex] is the angle at which the particle is thrown.

This problem [tex]\theta[/tex] is the same in both cases.

Step-2:

Therefore the range of the first projectile is,

[tex]R_1=\frac{v_0^{2} \sin 2 \theta}{g}[/tex]

The range of the second projectile is,

[tex]$$\begin{aligned}R_2&=\frac{(\frac{v_0}{2})^{2} \sin 2 \theta}{g}\\&=\frac{v_0^2\sin 2 \theta}{4g}\\\end{aligned}$$[/tex]

Therefore,

[tex]$$\begin{aligned}\\\frac{R_2}{R_1}&=\frac{1}{4}\\\Rightarrow R_2&=\frac{1}{4}R_1\\\end{aligned}\\$$[/tex]

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The initial temperature of the metal was 94.24⁰C.

The initial temperature of the metal is calculated as follows;

Q = mcΔθ

where;

Δθ = Q/mc

Δθ = (3,300) / (0.854 x 150)

Δθ = 25.76⁰C

Δθ = T₂ - T₁

T₁ = T₂ - Δθ

T₁ = 120 - 25.76

T₁ = 94.24⁰C

Thus, the initial temperature of the metal was 94.24⁰C.

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The velocity of pluck 1 is 12 m/s west.

The principle of the conservation of the linear momentum states that momentum before collision is equal to momentum after collision.

Now given that;

m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2

(0.1 * 15) - (0.1 * 12) = 0.1* v + (0.1 * 15)

1.5 - 1.2 = 0.1v + 1.5

0.3 - 1.5 = 0.1v

v = -1.2/0.1

v = - 12 m/s

Hence, the velocity of pluck 1 is 12 m/s west.

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Excess Carbon Monoxide(CO) attributed to increases in the planet's temperature over the past few decades

While carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is the world's most common cause of poisoning death, correlations between CO poisoning and weather are yet unknown.

The incidence risk of acute CO poisoning is influenced by temperature changes, however, the effects vary in Taiwan depending on the season and the person. Our research quantifies the effects of environmental variables and offers essential support for healthcare professionals to create preventive measures to lower the incidence of acute CO poisoning.

An earlier study conducted in Beijing found a negative correlation between temperature and the frequency of acute Carbon Monoxide poisoning. While the impact of other significant weather variables (such as relative humidity and wind speed) on this issue is still unknown, prior research has mostly focused on the relationship between temperature variations and CO poisoning.

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The reasons  for the discrepancy in the experimental density of the unknown liquid agree with the true value can be instrument not having same levels , Temperature Effects , Kind of scales used and  Shape of objects used for measure .

According to the question

Discrepancy:

The state or quality of being discrepant or in disagreement, as by displaying an unexpected or unacceptable difference; inconsistency.

Density:

Density is mass per unit volume, so when measuring density, you find the mass of the object and divide it by its measured volume.

All measurements include some uncertainty, however, and certain kinds of errors can increase the uncertainty in your calculation.

The reason of discrepancy in the experimental density of the unknown liquid agree with the true value can be:

1. Use of instrument not having same levels

2. Temperature Effects as Density varies with temperature .

3. Kind of scales used for measures

4. Shape of objects used for measure .

Hence, the reasons  for the discrepancy is instrument not having same levels , Temperature Effects , Kind of scales used and  Shape of objects used for measure .

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The voltage across the charged plates is  228.5 V.

V = Fd/q

V = (mgd)/q

where;

V = (2.7 x 10⁻¹⁵ x 9.8 x 8.3 x 10⁻³) / (9.612 x 10⁻¹⁹)

V = 228.5 V

Thus, the voltage across the charged plates is  228.5 V.

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You can change the wavelength into scientific notation and the electromagnetic spectrum will then tell you where it falls.

In physics, the wavelength is the spatial period of a periodic wave—the space over which the wave's shape repeats. It's miles the distance among consecutive corresponding points of the same section on the wave, together with two adjacent crests, troughs, or zero crossings, and is a function of each traveling wave and status wave, in addition to other spatial wave styles.

The inverse of the wavelength is referred to as the spatial frequency. Wavelength is normally designated through the Greek letter lambda (λ). The time period wavelength is also every now and then implemented to modulated waves, and to the sinusoidal envelopes of modulated waves or waves formed via interference of numerous sinusoids.

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The distance between the first and second-order dark fringe is 0.441 m.

Diffraction of a single slit:

When the light wave passes through a single slit of width which is comparable to the wavelength of the light, then the light wave bends at the edges of the slit. This is called diffraction.

Note: It is assumed that the slit is 3*10^(-3) mm wide. 1 nm = 10^(-9) m and 1mm = 10^(-3) m.

The dark fringes are obtained at the position which satisfies the equation,

d*sinθ = mλ

where d is the slit width, λ is the wavelength of the wave, θ is the angle of diffraction and m denotes the order of the dark fringe.

For first order fringe (m=1), the angle of diffraction θ₁ is,

d*sinθ₁ = λ

sinθ₁ =λ/d

Substitute λ=590 nm, d=3*10^(-3) mm, and solve it.

sinθ₁ =(590 nm)/(3*10^(-3) mm)

sinθ₁ =(590*10^(-9))/ (3*10^(-3)*10^(-3) m)

sinθ₁ =0.196

θ₁ =11.03 degree

Similarly, for second-order fringe (m=2), the angle of diffraction θ₂ is,

d*sinθ₂= 2λ

sinθ₂ =2λ/d

Substitute λ=590 nm, d=3*10^(-3) mm, and solve it.

sinθ₂ =(2*590 nm)/(3*10^(-3) mm)

sinθ₂ =(2*590*10^(-9))/ (3*10^(-3)*10^(-3) m)

sinθ₂ =0.393

θ₂ =23.14 degree

From geometry, the positions x₁ and x₂ of the first and second-order dark fringe from the center of the screen are x₁=Dtanθ₁ and x₂= Dtanθ₂ where D is the distance of the screen from the slit. The distance s between the first-order and second-order dark fringe is then given by,

s=D(tanθ₂-tanθ₁)

Substitute D=1.90 m, θ₁=11.03 degree, and θ₂=23.14 degree in this equation and solve it.

s=1.90*(tan(23.14)-tan(11.03))

s=1.90*(0.427-0.195)

s=0.441 m

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The change in the gravitational potential energy of the boy is 838 J.

So the correct choice is 838 J.

What is gravitational potential energy?

The energy possessed by an object due to its position from the chosen reference point when gravity is acting on that object is called gravitational potential energy.

The formula to calculate the difference in the potential energy is given by the formula,

U=m*g*h

where U is the difference in the potential energy, m is the mass, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height difference between the initial height and the final height.

The height difference is given by the formula,

h=h2-h1

where h2 is the final height and h1 is the initial height.

Given that the initial height is 1.30 m and the final height is 3.20 m, substitute h1=1.30 m and h2=3.20 m in the formula of height to calculate the height difference.

h=3.20-1.30

h=1.90 m

The mass of the boy is 45 kg and the value of g is 9.8 m/s^2. Substitute m=45 kg, g=9.8 m/s^2, and h=1.90 m in the formula of the gravitational potential energy to calculate the difference in the gravitational potential energy.

U=45*9.8*1.90

U=837.9 J

U≈838

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The magnitude of the resultant force acting on the driver, who weighs 0.80 kN

The total amount of force acting on the object or body along with the direction of the body.

The formula for the resultant force vector is given by Newton's Second law.  F=ma.

here

speed, v = 25 m/s

radius, r = 0.15 km = 150 m

weight, w = 0.80 kN = 800 N

we know that,

W = m*g

800 = m * 9.8

m = 800 / 9.8

m = 81.63 kg

magnitude of the resultant force:

F = m*v^2 / r

F = 81.63 * 25^2 / 150

F = 340.13 N

F = 0.34 kN

hence,

The magnitude of the resultant force acting on the driver, who weighs 0.80 kN

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If the density of water does not vary and the vents range in depth from about 1500 m to 3200 m below the surface, then the gauge pressure at a 2452-m deep vent is 224.268 atm.

Calculation:

Step-1:

It is given that the vents range in depth from about 1500 m to 3200 m below the surface. If we are assuming that the density of water does not vary. Then it is required to calculate the gauge pressure at a 2452-m deep vent.

The gauge pressure at a particular depth of ocean water is calculated as:

[tex]$$P=\rho g h$$[/tex]

Here [tex]\rho[/tex] is the density of water, P is the required pressure, h is the depth of water, and g is the gravitational acceleration.

Step-2:

Now we are substituting the values to calculate the pressure at the depth of 2452-m.

[tex]$$\\\begin{aligned}\\P&=\rho gh\\&=1030 (\text{ kg/m}^3)\times 9.8 (\text{ m/s}^2)\times 2452 \text{ m}\\&=24.75\times 10^6 \text{ Pa}\times\frac{1 \text{ atm}}{10.1325 \times10^4 \text{ Pa}}\\&=224.268 \text{ atm}\\\end{aligned}\\$$[/tex]

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Answer: An ideal ammeter would have zero resistance, because to ensure that, there is no voltage drop due to the internal resistance. Similarly, an ideal voltmeter would have infinite resistance, because to ensure that there is no current is drawn by the voltmeter.

Explanation: To find the answer, we need to know about the Ammeter and Voltmeter.

Thus, we can conclude that, an ideal ammeter would have zero resistance, because to ensure that, there is no voltage drop due to the internal resistance. Similarly, an ideal voltmeter would have infinite resistance, because to ensure that there is no current is drawn by the voltmeter.

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Answer:q

Explanation:

When the absolute value of the price elasticity of demand falls in the range 0 to 1, demand is said to be inelastic.

A good or service that has an income elasticity of demand between zero and 1 is considered a normal good and income inelastic. If a good or service has an income elasticity of demand below zero, it is considered an inferior good and has negative income elasticity.

Inelastic is an economic term referring to the static quantity of a good or service when its price changes. Inelastic means that when the price goes up, consumers' buying habits stay about the same, and when the price goes down, consumers' buying habits also remain unchanged.

Price elasticity of demand is a measurement of the change in consumption of a product in relation to a change in its price. A good is elastic if a price change causes a substantial change in demand or supply.

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The induced electric field inside the cylindrical region is directly proportional to r

What is the electric field?

An electric field is the physical field that surrounds electrically charged particles and exerts a force on all other charged particles in the field.

Here. a magnetic field with magnitude linearly varies with time.

Radial distance  = r

Area of this region, A = π*r^2

Let the induced electric field be E.

Magnetic flux:

∅(B) = B*A

Let the magnetic field be kt,

where k is some constant and t is time.

(B) = kt * (πr^2)

Using Maxwell's equation of electromagnetism,

[tex]\int\limits^a_b {E} \, dr = -\frac{d∅}{dt}[/tex]

[tex]E* 2\pi r = - \frac{d}{dr}(\pi k tr^{2} )[/tex]

[tex]E*2\pi r = -\pi kr^{2}[/tex]

[tex]E = - \frac{kr}{2}[/tex]

Hence

E ∝ r

The induced electric field is directly proportional to r

So, option 2 is correct.

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Answer:

1. 571.43m/s

2. 142.9m and 342.9m

Explanation:

1.Take the difference in time.

1.2-0.7=0.7 seconds

Take the distance between them and divide with differnce in time.

400÷0.7=571.43 seconds.

2.Take the time of the two men and divide by two.

0.5÷2= 0.25 secs

1.2÷2= 0.6 secs

multiply each with the velocity.

0.25×571.43=142.9m

0.6×571.43=342.9m

Force constant = k = 6811 N/m

Given:

mass = m = 69.5 kg

L(initial) = ideal spring length = 12 cm= 0.120 m

L(final) = final spring length = 13 cm= 0.130 m

Two forces acting on the object is k*x and mg

so,

kx-mg=0

kx = mg

k = mg/x

We know that x= displacement = L(final)- L(initial)

0.130-0.120=0.10

k= 69.5×9.8/0.10

k =6811 N/m

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Normal is the  other half of an action-reaction pair

If a person is sitting on a chair , there must be a gravitation force acting in downward direction which is equal to the weight of that person . That means the person is exerting a force on the chair equal to its weight . But the person is not falling down the chair , because of newtons third law of motion .

There must be a counter force which is equal and opposite to the force exerted by the person on the chair , in order to make net force equal to zero and to make that man in stationary state ( no movement )  .That force is called Normal force which is been acted by the chair on the person .This implies Normal is the  other half of an action-reaction pair

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The mechanical energy of the given flying object is 10,340 MJ. So the correct choice is 10,340 MJ.

Mechanical energy: The mechanical energy of an object is the sum of its potential energy and kinetic energy.

The formula for the mechanical energy E is:

E=K+U

where K is the kinetic energy and U is the potential energy.

Kinetic energy: The energy possessed by an object due to the motion.

The kinetic energy is given by the formula,

K=(1/2)*(mv^2)

where m is the mass of the object and v is the velocity of the object.

Potential energy: The energy possessed by an object due to its relative position from a given point.

The potential energy is given by the formula,

U=m*g*h

where g is the acceleration due to gravity and h is the height of the object from the ground.

Substitute K=(1/2)*(mv^2) and U=m*g*h in the formula of the mechanical energy to get the following formula,

E=(1/2)*(mv^2)+m*g*h

Given that m=80000 kg, h=10 km, and v=900 km/h, and the value of g is 9.8 m/s^(-2), the value of the total mechanical energy is,

E=(1/2)*(80,000 kg)(900 km/h )^2+(80,000 kg)*(9.8 m/s^(-2))*(10 km)

Note: 1 km= 1000 m and 1 km/h = 5/18 m/s. 1 MJ = 10^(6) J

E=(1/2)*(80,000 kg)*(900*(5/18) m/s )^2+(80000 kg)*(9.8 m/s^(-2))*(10000 m)

E=(1/2)*(80,000 kg)*(250 m/s)^2+7840*10^(6) J

E=2500*10^(6) J+7840*10^(6) J

E=10340*10^(6) J

E=10340 MJ

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The correct alternative is (a) use low beam headlights when driving in fog.

Use of low beam headlights is better than high beam headlights when driving in fog because high beams are aimed higher to maximize the seeing distance and their bright light doesn't provide the clear visibility through the fog. The high beam light bounces back and just reflect back into the eyes of driver resulting in a sharp glare making it difficult for the driver to see through the fog. Low beams are only directed sideward or downward which ensure that the light doesn't reflect back into the eyes while driving through fog. The low beam lights doesn't obscure the vision and prevent collisions by providing clear visibility through the fog.

Hence, it is a good idea to use only low beam headlights while driving through the fog to ensure the correct visibility.

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The work done by the force is 140 J.

Calculation:

It is given that, an 80-N crate is pushed a distance of 5.0 m upward along a smooth incline that makes an angle of [tex]30^\circ[/tex] with the horizontal. The force pushing the crate is parallel to the slope and the acceleration is 1.5 [tex]\text{ m/s}^2[/tex].

It is required to find the work done by the force.

The free-body diagram is shown below,

Here, W=80 N, a=-1.5 [tex]\text{ m/s}^2[/tex]

We can write the net force equation as,

[tex]\begin{gathered}F-W \sin 30^{\circ}=m a \\F-m g \sin 30^{\circ}=\left(\frac{W}{g}\right) a\end{gathered}[/tex]

Here W is the weight of the object, m is the mass of the body, and F is the applied force.

Thus,

[tex]\begin{aligned}F-(80 \mathrm{~N}) \sin 30^{\circ} &=\left(\frac{80 \mathrm{~N}}{9.8 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}}\right)\left(-1.5 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\right) \\F &=27.755 \mathrm{~N}\end{aligned}[/tex]

It is known that the work done by the force is calculated as the multiplication of the applied force and the displacement.

Thus the work one is,

[tex]\begin{aligned}W &=(27.755 \mathrm{~N})(5 \mathrm{~m}) \\& \approx 140 \mathrm{~J}\end{aligned}[/tex]

Thus the last option is the correct one.

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