a) ATP synthase is a molecular machine. This enzyme (protein) is in fee of making ATP and is utilized by prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The truth that the equal enzyme seems in each organizations creates a dating due to the fact the perfect manner this will show up is via way of means of eukaryotes obtaining this mechanisms from prokaryotes. It is assumed that during truth this befell thru a manner referred to as endosymbiosis, wherein prokaryotic cells engulf different cells setting up a symbiotic dating. After hundreds of thousands of years it in the end have become 1 organism.
b) Since ATP synthase is a kind of protein one may want to assume that the amino acid series that creates this enzyme ought to be comparable among prokaryotes and eukaryotes and helping the concept that eukaryotes advanced from prokaryotes.
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The activity you choose to improve your cardiovascular endurance does not have to be strenuous?.
To increase cardiovascular endurance does not have to be strenuous. We can start with aerobics, yoga, jogging, cycling, or swimming.
About cardioCardio is an exercise that aims to pump blood from the heart and lungs so that the heart rate increases to the point where the burning of fat and calories occurs optimally.
For a beginner, start doing cardio slowly. Take a five-minute walk in the morning and five minutes in the evening. Gradually add a few minutes to each session and increase the pace a bit.
After this exercise is done regularly, increase the speed up to 30 minutes a day. Also consider hiking, biking, jogging, rowing, or any activity that increases breathing and heart rate.
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The structure of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, differ in that
a
DNA contains a nucleotide with thymine, while RNA contains a nucleotide with uracil.
b
DNA's nucleotide sequence is single stranded, while RNA's nucleotide sequence is double stranded.
c
RNA's backbone is made up of phosphates, while DNA's backbone is made up of nitrates.
d
RNA contains only three different nucleotides, while DNA contains four different nucleotides.
Answer:
The answers are A and B and that's how DNA and RNA differ
some predators are also opportunistic feeders. what does this mean? responses they are herbivores rather than carnivores. they are herbivores rather than carnivores. they might be prey for a species on a higher trophic level. they might be prey for a species on a higher trophic level. they eat only one kind of prey. they eat only one kind of prey. they scavenge at times as well as hunt.
Some predators are also opportunistic feeders. This mean that they scavenge at times as well as hunt.
What are predators?
They are organisms that hunt and kill other organisms for food. The organisms that are consumed by predators are known as the prey. Predators can be carnivores and omnivores. Lions, tigers, sharks all are predators.What are scavenger?
It is defined as an animal that feeds on the remains of other animals or eats decomposing plant or animal matter. This means that scavenger can be both herbivores and omnivores.Predators are opportunistic feeders. They look for easiest way to a meal. Thus they scavenge at time as well
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Answer:
C
Explanation:
Answer:
c) Herbivores
Explanation:
The consumer that only eats producers is called as herbivores. Therefore, the option (c) is the correct answer.
the period is the length of time pathogens need to grow and multiply in food or the digestive tract before they can cause illness.
The incubation period is the length of time pathogens need to grow and multiply in food or the digestive tract before they can cause illness.
The time it takes for an illness to manifest after a person has been exposed to a disease-causing organism is known as the incubation period (such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi). When the disease's initial signs or symptoms manifest, the incubation period is over. Knowing an infectious disease's incubation period—the amount of time between exposure to the pathogen and the onset of symptoms—can be helpful in predicting an outbreak's timing, especially when infected people would be symptomatic and most likely to spread the disease.
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if plant cells have a cell wall, then they cannot exchange material through their plasma membrane. true or false. why?
The given statement is false because the plants mediate the exchange of materials through plasma membrane which then reach into a different cell through the spaces between cell wall called plasmodesmata.
Plasma membrane is a bilayer of lipid that is selectively permeable in nature. Apart from lipids the plasma membrane is composed of proteins, carbohydrates and also cholesterol/. The plasma membrane has a semi-fluid nature.
Plasmodesmata are the small space present in between the cell wall through which the exchange of materials, cytoplasm, etc. takes place. Thus, plasmodesmata mediate the communication in plant cells. The materials inside the plant cell first cross the selectively permeable membrane and then pass through the plasmodesmata.
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n lichen, the fungus symbiont serves as: (select all that apply) question 3 options: a reservoir for water a reservoir for minerals a host for the lichen to grow upon protection from intense sunlight
In lichens, the fungus symbiont serves as a host for the lichens to grow upon protection from intense sunlight
What are lichens?
A lichen's basic structure is made up of layers of fungus and algae.Lichens do not have vascular tissue like xylem and phloem to carry nutrients and water throughout their thalli like a plant does, nor do they have a waxy coating like plants do on their leaves. The structure of the lichen incorporates everything in its surroundings. Lichens obtain their water and nutrients from the air and rain that fall on them.What is the symbiotic association between algae and fungi?
Symbiotic association means two or more distinct organisms living together for the benefit of one or both.
Fungi lack chlorophyll, which is a green pigment necessary for photosynthesis. Fungi are unable to produce carbohydrates on their own and obtain light energy from the sun. Instead, they must look for other food sources. They take in organic foods, or chemicals containing carbon like proteins, lipids, or carbs.Algae and cyanobacteria, on the other hand, can carry out photosynthesis similarly to plants. In actuality, terrestrial plants' chloroplasts, where photosynthesis takes place, are modified cyanobacterial species.Therefore, fungus symbiont serves as a host for lichen to grow upon protection from intense sunlight.
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Answer: It's D hope this helps
Explanation:
Researchers performing __________ insert a weak electric current into the brain to stimulate it.
Researchers performing EBS insert a weak electric current into the brain to stimulate it.
Electrical brain stimulation (EBS), also known as focal brain stimulation (FBS), is a type of electrotherapy used as a technique in clinical and neurobiological research, in which the brain is stimulated by direct or indirect electrical excitation of cell membranes. or neural networks within it. It is currently used for research or therapeutic purposes.
Electrical brain stimulation (ESB) is a relatively new technique used to treat the chronic pain and tremors associated with Parkinson's disease. ESB is administered by passing an electric current through electrodes implanted in the brain.
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which of the following genetics terms is correctly matched with its definition? group of answer choices alleles: gene variants that arise by mutation and exist on relatively the same parts of homologous chromosomes genotype: the observable traits expressed by an organism phenotype: useful for determining genetic probabilities of fertilization events heterozygous: when a diploid organism gets two identical alleles of a gene
Match the genetic word to the associated trait: Homozygous. A gene with two identical alleles.
What types of qualities are examples?Character traits includes things like sincerity, loyalty, charity, and restlessness. These are only a few of the numerous character traits that could aid in your understanding of yourself or those around you.
What character feature is common?All port, any of a variety of per-sistent traits that chara-cterize or dictate a person's conduct in a range of circumstances, are shared by many people, and are displayed in a comparable man-ner.
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an entity with two identical or similar alleles for a certain trait. Heterozygous. a living thing with two distinct alleles for the same characteristic. Phenotype.
What in biology is an organism?An organism refers to just a living object with a organized structure, could react to stimuli, procreate, develop, adapt, etc maintain homeostasis. Therefore, every mammal, plant, fungus, protist, bacterial, or archaeon found on Earth would be considered an organism.
what organism it unicellular ?Living things with only one cell, which performs all the functions, are referred to as unicellular organisms. Amoeba, Unicellular, bacteria, and Cyanobacteria are a few examples.
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the hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) form bushy structures after making contact with the plasma membrane of a root cell. what is the function of these structures?
Answer:
hey INCREASE the surface area available for the transfer nutrients
Explanation:
portion of an rna molecule that dose not contain information for making a protein and is removed prior to the rna molecule leaving the nucleus
Explanation:
exons.
exons are the uncoding part of RNA which is removed to form mature RNA.
which of the following statements about the process of dna replication is false? choose one: a. uncorrected mistakes introduce mutations into the dna base sequence. b. most mistakes made in the copying process are not successfully corrected. c. many different enzymes are needed for the process to function properly. d. mistakes can be corrected at multiple steps in the process.
Option B. is incorrect as mistakes can be corrected in the process of DNA replication.
Option C. is incorrect as incorrect uncorrected mistakes tend to introduce a mutation into the DNA base sequence.
What are the functions of DNA?
DNA is accountable for sporting and transmitting hereditary substances or genetic commands from dad and mom to offspring. In addition to making sure that every one dwelling matters by skip on their genetic information, DNA is vital for the synthesis of proteins.
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the drug is absorbed or taken into the blood- stream by the capillaries from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. this process of diffusion is a
The drug is absorbed or taken into the bloodstream by the capillaries from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. this process of diffusion is a Passive transport.
A type of membrane transport called passive transport moves materials across cell membranes without the use of energy. Active transport uses cellular energy to transfer materials across cell membranes, whereas passive transport uses the second law of thermodynamics.
Passive transport is a phenomena that happens naturally and doesn't require the cell to use energy to move. Diffusion is the process by which chemicals travel passively from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
The rate of diffusion is influenced by the gradient in concentration, the size of the diffusing particles, and the system temperature.
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you are conducting various cranial nerve tests in the lab. you ask your lab partner to clench her jaw. this test is examining the function of what cranial nerve?
Answer:
cranial nerve IX
Explanation:
Marine science
Crest is to high, as trough is to
a. low
b. fast
c. time
d. shallow
The option (A) is correct. Crest is to high, as trough is to low.
What do you mean by crest and trough?The highest surface part of a wave is called the crest, and the lowest part is the trough. The vertical distance between the crest and the trough is the wave height.
Moreover, a crest is a point on the wave where the displacement of the medium is at a maximum. A point on the wave is a trough if the displacement of the medium at that point is at a minimum.
Therefore, while a transverse wave has an alternating pattern of crests and troughs, a longitudinal wave has an alternating pattern of compressions and rarefactions. As discussed above, the wavelength of a wave is the length of one complete cycle of a wave.
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How do human organ systems interact to provide for the needs of the human organism?
Answer:
The organ system works together to provide for the needs of the human organism. For example, the respiratory system and circulatory system work together to deliver oxygen to the cells and gets rid of the carbon dioxide that the cells produce
Explanation:
Human organ systems interact through complex physiological processes to provide for the needs of the human organism, such as obtaining oxygen, nutrients, and eliminating waste products.
The human body consists of multiple organ systems that work together to maintain homeostasis and meet the needs of the organism. These organ systems include the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, nervous, muscular, skeletal, endocrine, immune, urinary, and integumentary systems, among others.
The interaction between these organ systems is essential for the overall functioning of the human organism. For example:
The respiratory system exchanges gases, taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. The circulatory system, composed of the heart and blood vessels, transports oxygen-rich blood to tissues and carries waste products away.The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. The circulatory system then delivers these nutrients to cells throughout the body.The nervous system receives and processes information from the environment, coordinating responses. It works closely with the muscular system, allowing movement and maintaining posture.The endocrine system produces hormones that regulate various bodily functions. These hormones are transported through the circulatory system to target organs, influencing their activities.The urinary system filters waste products from the blood, maintaining fluid balance and regulating electrolyte levels. It works in conjunction with the circulatory system to remove waste products and maintain homeostasis.
The integration and coordination between these organ systems ensure the provision of oxygen, nutrients, and the elimination of waste products necessary for the survival and optimal functioning of the human organism. Each system has specialized functions that complement and support one another, forming a complex network that allows for the maintenance of health and the fulfillment of the body's needs.
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you have an rna molecule that contains introns. you wish to carry out an in vitro splicing reaction with this rna and cellular extracts. you want to determine if splicing is occuring via self-splicing or through the spliceosome. what enzyme could you add to the reaction to make this determination?
The enzyme could you add to the reaction to make this determination is Protease.
Splicing via the spliceosome requires a protein whereas self-splicing does not, so adding a protease to the reaction that degrades the protein ensures that the RNA is either spliced via self-splicing or spliced via the spliceosome. You can see if it has been spliced. The main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNA is that prokaryotic mRNA is polycistronic whereas eukaryotic mRNA is monocistronic.
In addition, multiple structural genes of an operon are transcribed into a single mRNA whereas eukaryotic mRNA contains a single gene that is transcribed into one mRNA molecule. A type of RNA called transfer RNA assembles amino acids of proteins amino acid by amino acid. Protein assembly continues until the ribosome encounters a stop codon a three-nucleotide sequence that does not code for an amino acid.
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Using the graphs below, determine which water drop rate leads to the highest seed growth.(Note, the vertical axis represents the number of seeds, the blue lines represent the seeds and the green represents the sprouts)
a.
90 drops/hr
b.
72 drops/hr
c.
50 drops/hr
d.
12 drops/hr
Answer: 50 drops/hr
Explanation:
if nirenberg and matthaei performed their cell-free translation experiment using an mrna composed of 60% c and 40% a, what radiolabeled amino acids would be incorporated into the precipitated polypeptides? (check all that apply.) check all that apply phenylalanine phenylalanine leucine leucine isoleucine isoleucine proline proline methionine methionine valine valine serine serine threonine threonine alanine alanine tyrosine tyrosine histidine histidine glutamine glutamine
Phenylalanine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Methionine, Valine, Serine, Alanine, Tyrosine, Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, Cysteine, Tryptophan, Arginine and Glycine are the radiolabeled amino acids would be incorporated into the precipitated polypeptides.
What is polypeptide and its function?
Polypeptides assist make up proteins via way of means of bonding several amino acids together. Proteins are created via way of means of the bonding of or greater polypeptides, that are then folded into a particular form for a specific protein.
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think of a population outside the serengeti that you are familiar with, maybe one that lives near you. what factors do you think limit the size and growth of the population you chose? why
The factors that limit the size and growth of a population in Serengeti is the food supply and predation.
Population in Serengeti have suffered from competition in resource availability. Other density-dependent variables may have placed restrictions on these populations. These could be top-down elements excluding predation or bottom-up factors like food, water, or habitat. Similar to wildebeest, non-migratory zebra populations may be constrained by predators, and migratory populations may be constrained by food.
Wildebeest populations in the Serengeti increased from 770,000 in one year to 4 million in just four years, barely more than one generation. Any element (variable) in the environment that has the potential to restrict a process, such as the expansion, abundance, or distribution of a population of species in an ecosystem, is referred to as a limiting factor. Both density-dependent and density-independent limiting variables are possible.
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foreign material that invades the body: a.granulocytes b.macrophages c.antigens d.antibodies e.neutrophils
Foreign material that invades the body is c. antigens.
In the field of science, an antigen can be described as a foreign material that infects the body of a person. In response to an antigen, the immune system gets activated to attack it.
Antibodies are those proteins that the body of a person makes in response to an antigen. An antigen can be any disease-causing microorganism such as a bacteria or virus.
Some antigens may be more infectious than others.
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What is a temperature inversion in the atmosphere?
Which layers of the atmosphere do the major temperature inversions occur?
What causes the major temperature inversions in the atmosphere?
The answers include the following:
Temperature inversion is referred to as a layer in the atmosphere in which air temperature increases with height. The stratosphere is the layers of the atmosphere in which the major temperature inversions occur.The major cause of temperature inversions in the atmosphere is when air associated with the shallow air mass is colder than the air aloft which creates an inversion.What is Atmosphere?This is referred to as an envelope of gases which surrounds the planet and examples of such gases include oxygen, carbon dioxide etc.
Temperature inversion occurs in the part of the atmosphere known as the stratosphere and it is caused when the air associated with the shallow air mass is colder than the air aloft which creates an inversion.
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the caspase activator released during the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway primarily functions in which cellular process? a proton pumping b heme biosynthesis c calcium signaling d electron transport
The caspase activator released during the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway primarily functions in the electron transport cellular process.
What are the mitochondria?Mitochondriа lie аt the crux of cellulаr viаbility аnd аlterаtions to function аre often to the detriment of the cell/orgаnism. Mitochondriа hаve evolved to control а diverse number of processes including cellulаr energy production, cаlcium signаlling аnd аpoptosis. Under аerobic conditions, mitochondriа produce energy in the form of АTP аnd mаintаin аn electrochemicаl membrаne grаdient. Reduction in proton pumping аcross the membrаne cаn result in decreаsed cell viаbility аnd induction of the intrinsic аpoptotic pаthwаy. Cytochrome c releаsed from mitochondriа is the point of no return in terms of cell survivаl аs this triggers аctivаtion of аpoptosis.
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what organelles constitute the endombrane system? how vesicles of the endomenbrane system get transported (by which cytoskeleton)? what are the motor proteins involved?
The plasma membrane, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and vacuoles.
How does the endomembrane system move its vesicles?Vesicles pinch out from the ER, Golgi, and other membranous organelles, bringing with them any soluble molecules present in the fluid contained as well as any molecules present in that particular region of the membrane.
Microtubules are vesicles carried by?There are two different ways that vesicles are moved along microtubules.
Membrane vesicles are then used to transport the majority of proteins to the Golgi apparatus. Mechanochemical cycles of filament binding, conformational change, filament release, conformation reversal, and filament rebinding are used by motor proteins to move along the cytoskeleton.
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what are the functions of the macula densa? check all that apply. synthesize and store contract when stimulated by stretch detect changes in the sodium chloride concentration within the signaling granular cells to release renin
Macula densa is responsible for monitoring the Nacl concentration inside the granular cells.
What are macula densa cells?
Macula densa cells are specialized epithelial cells found in distal convoluted tubule.
These cells are renal sensor elements that have the ability to find changes in distal tubular fluid compositions, after which they transmit signals to glomerular vascular elements. This mechanism plays a crucial role in regulating blood flow and glomerular filtration rate.
These macula densa cells take care of salt concentrations within the tubules which helps regulate renal blood flow through dilation and afferent arteriole constriction. These cells also contain rennin granules which help in sending out wider signals that control vascular resistance.
Hence, macula densa cells are mostly responsible for regulation of salt concentrations inside cells.
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Tell what you know about what comparative anatomy is and how this study provides evidence for change over time.
Marine science The exosphere is about halfway to the moon, true or false
the folowing statements are true about fermentation: a. all of the above are true b. net two molecules of atp are produced c. takes place in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. d. does not require o2.
All of the above statements are true about fermentation. In fermentation, net two molecules of ATP are produced. This process takes place in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, fermentation does not require oxygen.It is an anaerobic process.
Fermentation is a metabolic process that produces ATP through the breakdown of glucose. This process does not require oxygen and takes place in the absence of oxygen. In fermentation, glucose is converted into pyruvate, and then pyruvate is converted into ATP. The net production of two ATP molecules per glucose molecule is lower than that of aerobic respiration, but fermentation does not require oxygen, making it an important process in anaerobic conditions.
Fermentation is used by many organisms, including bacteria, yeast, and some plants. In bacteria, fermentation is used to produce lactic acid, which is then converted into ATP. In yeast, fermentation is used to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide. In plants, fermentation is used to produce lactic acid, ethanol, and carbon dioxide.
Fermentation is an important process in the food industry. It is used to produce bread, wine, beer, and cheese. It is also used to produce yogurt, sauerkraut, and other fermented foods.
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Despite government protection, human activities are impacting Okefenokee. In addition to acid rain, precipitation deposits mercury, emitted by coal-burning power plants and waste incinerators, to the swamp. How might this effect animal life in the swamp?
A) mercury levels cause death to all species in the swamp ecosystem
B) mercury in the swamp water is passed back to humans in their drinking water
C) biomagnification of mercury results in toxic levels of mercury high in the food chains
D) air pollution from local-burning planta results in an increase in acid rain which causes death to aquatic species
biomagnification of mercury results in toxic levels of mercury high in the food chains this effect animal life in the swamp.
Biomagnification chemical can accumulate in an organism from exposure to both food and water, leading to a concentration that is higher than what would have happened with just water exposure and, consequently, higher than what equilibrium would predict. This process is known as biomagnification. When contaminated phytoplankton is consumed by slightly larger creatures known as zooplankton, the POPs that are absorbed into their tissues at a higher concentration are biomagnified. A zooplankton will consume more polluted phytoplankton and accumulate more pollutants as a result. Synthetic toxicants produced through artificial means are not considered toxin because a toxin is a poisonous substance produced within living cells or organisms.
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