bacitracin is made naturally by the bacterium bacillus subtilis and is primarily only used to target skin infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. this type of chemotherapeutic drug would best be characterized as a narrow-spectrum antibiotic.
What is narrow-spectrum antibiotic?Antibiotics with a narrow spectrum are effective against a certain subset of bacterial species. They are only able to affect gramme +ve or gramme -ve, not both.
When the etiological organism is identified, special narrow-spectrum antibiotics are administered. They won't eradicate as many common microorganisms as broad-spectrum antibiotics do. They prevent the spread of illnesses with medication resistance because they only affect a small number of extremely particular bacteria.
antibiotics that are particular to one type of bacteria, such as those that only kill gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria.
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some predators are also opportunistic feeders. what does this mean? responses they are herbivores rather than carnivores. they are herbivores rather than carnivores. they might be prey for a species on a higher trophic level. they might be prey for a species on a higher trophic level. they eat only one kind of prey. they eat only one kind of prey. they scavenge at times as well as hunt.
Some predators are also opportunistic feeders. This mean that they scavenge at times as well as hunt.
What are predators?
They are organisms that hunt and kill other organisms for food. The organisms that are consumed by predators are known as the prey. Predators can be carnivores and omnivores. Lions, tigers, sharks all are predators.What are scavenger?
It is defined as an animal that feeds on the remains of other animals or eats decomposing plant or animal matter. This means that scavenger can be both herbivores and omnivores.Predators are opportunistic feeders. They look for easiest way to a meal. Thus they scavenge at time as well
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the large influx of mononuclear cells into the lungs plays a role in the formation of infection sites called
The development of structured structures known as tubercles is tuberculosis.
Which four forms of infections are there?Infections frequently occur. We've probably all experienced at atleast one at some point, from COVID-19 to ear infections and also the flu. Sepsis can be brought on by bacterial, fungal, viral, or parasitic illnesses.
What brings about an infection?Whenever bacteria taken into the body, multiply, & trigger a response in the body, an illness results. An infect needs to happen in three different ways: Source: Ecologies of infectious (germ) pathogens A individual who's really susceptible but who has a point of entry for germs.
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all plant life cycles consist of an alternation of generations. what is the haploid stage of a plant life cycle called?
The multicellular haploid gametophyte (from the Greek phyton, "plant") produces gametes. A multicellular diploid sporophyte is created through fertilization, and through meiosis, it creates haploid spores. A haplodiplontic life cycle is the name given to this sort of life cycle.
As a result of the alternation of generations, plants alternate between two distinct life stages, or generations, throughout their life cycle: the haploid gametophyte stage and the diploid sporophyte stage. The terms haploid and diploid describe how many chromosomes each cell has.
The haploid (n) stage of the alternation of generations life cycle is known as the gametophyte stage. Because it will produce gametes, or sex cells, the gametophyte stage can also be viewed as the sexual stage. There is only one set on this stage of chromosome.
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The activity you choose to improve your cardiovascular endurance does not have to be strenuous?.
To increase cardiovascular endurance does not have to be strenuous. We can start with aerobics, yoga, jogging, cycling, or swimming.
About cardioCardio is an exercise that aims to pump blood from the heart and lungs so that the heart rate increases to the point where the burning of fat and calories occurs optimally.
For a beginner, start doing cardio slowly. Take a five-minute walk in the morning and five minutes in the evening. Gradually add a few minutes to each session and increase the pace a bit.
After this exercise is done regularly, increase the speed up to 30 minutes a day. Also consider hiking, biking, jogging, rowing, or any activity that increases breathing and heart rate.
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accessing the insertion of serratus anterior by curling your fingers around the medial border of the scapula, your fingers will inherently have to work through the bellies of
Accessing the insertion of the serratus anterior by finger curling around the medial border of the scapula, your fingers will inherently have to work through the bellies of the trapezius and rhomboids
The middle trapezius and the rhomboids are the two main scapular retractor muscles, but the activities of these two muscles differ in some ways. The rhomboids operate to both retract and rotate the scapula in order to depress the glenoid fossa, in contrast to the middle fibers of the trapezius, which only serve as pure scapular retractor muscles.
The serratus anterior and the upper, middle, and lower trapezius muscles cause the scapula to rotate upward. These muscles play a significant role in the typical scapular motions that occur during arm-raising. Therefore, research has examined how to train these muscles. In order to maintain the scapula's upward rotation, which permits overhead lifting, the serratus anterior collaborates with the upper and lower fibers of the trapezius muscle.
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portion of an rna molecule that dose not contain information for making a protein and is removed prior to the rna molecule leaving the nucleus
Explanation:
exons.
exons are the uncoding part of RNA which is removed to form mature RNA.
how many tubes of nutrient broth will be inoculated with clostridium sporogenes for the commensalism experiment?
For the commensalism experiment, two tubes of nutritive broth will be injected with Clostridium sporogenes.
Commensalism is a long-term biological relationship (symbiosis) in which individuals of one species profit, while those of the other species suffer neither advantages nor disadvantages. This contrasts with parasitism, where one is harmed and the other benefits, amensalism, where one is harmed while the other is unaffected, mutualism, where both organisms gain from each other, and parasitoidism, which is similar to parasitism except that the parasitoid has a free-living state and eventually kills its host.
The commensal species, which gains from the connection, may ingest nutrients from the host species, which is largely unaffected, or get refuge from it, sustain it, or use it for mobility. A bigger host and a smaller commensal are frequently in a commensal relationship; the host organism is unaltered, whilst the commensal species may exhibit significant structural adaptations commensurate with its habits, as in the case of remoras that travel attached to sharks and other fishes. Pilot fish eat the leftovers from their hosts' meals, whilst remoras consume their hosts' feces. Many birds perch atop the bodies of large herbivorous mammals or feed on the insects that grazing mammals kick up.
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the period is the length of time pathogens need to grow and multiply in food or the digestive tract before they can cause illness.
The incubation period is the length of time pathogens need to grow and multiply in food or the digestive tract before they can cause illness.
The time it takes for an illness to manifest after a person has been exposed to a disease-causing organism is known as the incubation period (such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi). When the disease's initial signs or symptoms manifest, the incubation period is over. Knowing an infectious disease's incubation period—the amount of time between exposure to the pathogen and the onset of symptoms—can be helpful in predicting an outbreak's timing, especially when infected people would be symptomatic and most likely to spread the disease.
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Marine science
Crest is to high, as trough is to
a. low
b. fast
c. time
d. shallow
The option (A) is correct. Crest is to high, as trough is to low.
What do you mean by crest and trough?The highest surface part of a wave is called the crest, and the lowest part is the trough. The vertical distance between the crest and the trough is the wave height.
Moreover, a crest is a point on the wave where the displacement of the medium is at a maximum. A point on the wave is a trough if the displacement of the medium at that point is at a minimum.
Therefore, while a transverse wave has an alternating pattern of crests and troughs, a longitudinal wave has an alternating pattern of compressions and rarefactions. As discussed above, the wavelength of a wave is the length of one complete cycle of a wave.
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you have an rna molecule that contains introns. you wish to carry out an in vitro splicing reaction with this rna and cellular extracts. you want to determine if splicing is occuring via self-splicing or through the spliceosome. what enzyme could you add to the reaction to make this determination?
The enzyme could you add to the reaction to make this determination is Protease.
Splicing via the spliceosome requires a protein whereas self-splicing does not, so adding a protease to the reaction that degrades the protein ensures that the RNA is either spliced via self-splicing or spliced via the spliceosome. You can see if it has been spliced. The main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNA is that prokaryotic mRNA is polycistronic whereas eukaryotic mRNA is monocistronic.
In addition, multiple structural genes of an operon are transcribed into a single mRNA whereas eukaryotic mRNA contains a single gene that is transcribed into one mRNA molecule. A type of RNA called transfer RNA assembles amino acids of proteins amino acid by amino acid. Protein assembly continues until the ribosome encounters a stop codon a three-nucleotide sequence that does not code for an amino acid.
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Climate change affects the ocean by (1 point)
Climate change affects the ocean has absorbed the heat released by fuel and growing emissions.
How ocean affected by climate change?Currently, the ocean has absorbed around 90% of the heat caused by growing emissions. As the surplus heat and energy warm the water.
The temperature shift causes unprecedented cascade consequences like ice melting, sea-level rise, marine, and ocean acidification.
As greenhouse gases capture more solar energy, the seas absorb more heat, resulting in higher sea surface temperatures and increasing sea levels.
Therefore absorbing heat from the ocean from emission climate change affects it.
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think of a population outside the serengeti that you are familiar with, maybe one that lives near you. what factors do you think limit the size and growth of the population you chose? why
The factors that limit the size and growth of a population in Serengeti is the food supply and predation.
Population in Serengeti have suffered from competition in resource availability. Other density-dependent variables may have placed restrictions on these populations. These could be top-down elements excluding predation or bottom-up factors like food, water, or habitat. Similar to wildebeest, non-migratory zebra populations may be constrained by predators, and migratory populations may be constrained by food.
Wildebeest populations in the Serengeti increased from 770,000 in one year to 4 million in just four years, barely more than one generation. Any element (variable) in the environment that has the potential to restrict a process, such as the expansion, abundance, or distribution of a population of species in an ecosystem, is referred to as a limiting factor. Both density-dependent and density-independent limiting variables are possible.
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an aabbccddeeff individual is crossed with an individual with the genotype aabbccddeeff. what is the probability that their offspring will have the genotype aabbccddeeff?
The probability that the offspring will have the genotype aabbccddeeff is 1.
To obtain probability of these individuals we have perform punnet or probability for each individual gene
1) aaxaa the probability of getting the gene aa is 1
2) bb x bb the probability of getting the gene bb is 1
3)cc x cc the probability of getting the gene cc is 1
4) dd x dd the probability of getting the gene dd is 1
5)ee x ee the probability of getting the gene ee is 1
6) ff x ff the probability of getting the gene ff is 1.
Now, mutiply probability of all genes in order to get the probability of the offspring
1x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 = 1.
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you are conducting various cranial nerve tests in the lab. you ask your lab partner to clench her jaw. this test is examining the function of what cranial nerve?
Answer:
cranial nerve IX
Explanation:
Despite government protection, human activities are impacting Okefenokee. In addition to acid rain, precipitation deposits mercury, emitted by coal-burning power plants and waste incinerators, to the swamp. How might this effect animal life in the swamp?
A) mercury levels cause death to all species in the swamp ecosystem
B) mercury in the swamp water is passed back to humans in their drinking water
C) biomagnification of mercury results in toxic levels of mercury high in the food chains
D) air pollution from local-burning planta results in an increase in acid rain which causes death to aquatic species
biomagnification of mercury results in toxic levels of mercury high in the food chains this effect animal life in the swamp.
Biomagnification chemical can accumulate in an organism from exposure to both food and water, leading to a concentration that is higher than what would have happened with just water exposure and, consequently, higher than what equilibrium would predict. This process is known as biomagnification. When contaminated phytoplankton is consumed by slightly larger creatures known as zooplankton, the POPs that are absorbed into their tissues at a higher concentration are biomagnified. A zooplankton will consume more polluted phytoplankton and accumulate more pollutants as a result. Synthetic toxicants produced through artificial means are not considered toxin because a toxin is a poisonous substance produced within living cells or organisms.
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what happens to the number of atp in aerobic glucose catabolism if pyruvate could not become oxidated?
The number of ATP in aerobic glucose catabolism if pyruvate could not become oxidated is converted produce heat.
Approximately 40% of the glucose's available energy is converted into ATP via aerobic respiration. Your comparatively high body temperature is produced by the remaining 60% of your body, which is wasted as heat. Although 40% efficiency may appear low, the top car engines are several times more efficient.
The vast majority of life on Earth uses aerobic cell respiration because it is superior to anaerobic respiration. However, using oxygen includes some expenses. Cellular processes can change oxygen into toxic forms that harm biological molecules. Because of this, you would perish within a few days if forced to breathe 100% oxygen instead of the 21% of our current atmosphere.
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What is the main difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist?
A. A psychiatrist can write prescriptions, but a psychologist cannot.
B. A psychiatrist does not complete a medical degree, but a psychologist does.
C. A psychiatrist works with children and adolescents as clients, and a psychologist works with adults and the elderly as clients.
D. A psychiatrist can only work at a college teaching, and a psychologist can only work at a hospital providing therapy.
The main difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist is that a psychiatrist can write prescriptions for the patients, but a psychologist cannot. So, the correct answer will be option (a).
The major and most reasonable difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist is their educational background. A psychiatrist is certified as a medical doctor while a psychologist does not hold the title of a doctor. Although they study and research on the same topic of mental health, they just have different approaches to the topic. A psychiatrist has the freedom of prescribing medications for the patients but a psychologist prefers to focus on the patient's recovery through therapy.
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the drug is absorbed or taken into the blood- stream by the capillaries from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. this process of diffusion is a
The drug is absorbed or taken into the bloodstream by the capillaries from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. this process of diffusion is a Passive transport.
A type of membrane transport called passive transport moves materials across cell membranes without the use of energy. Active transport uses cellular energy to transfer materials across cell membranes, whereas passive transport uses the second law of thermodynamics.
Passive transport is a phenomena that happens naturally and doesn't require the cell to use energy to move. Diffusion is the process by which chemicals travel passively from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
The rate of diffusion is influenced by the gradient in concentration, the size of the diffusing particles, and the system temperature.
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what organelles constitute the endombrane system? how vesicles of the endomenbrane system get transported (by which cytoskeleton)? what are the motor proteins involved?
The plasma membrane, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and vacuoles.
How does the endomembrane system move its vesicles?Vesicles pinch out from the ER, Golgi, and other membranous organelles, bringing with them any soluble molecules present in the fluid contained as well as any molecules present in that particular region of the membrane.
Microtubules are vesicles carried by?There are two different ways that vesicles are moved along microtubules.
Membrane vesicles are then used to transport the majority of proteins to the Golgi apparatus. Mechanochemical cycles of filament binding, conformational change, filament release, conformation reversal, and filament rebinding are used by motor proteins to move along the cytoskeleton.
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The structure of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, differ in that
a
DNA contains a nucleotide with thymine, while RNA contains a nucleotide with uracil.
b
DNA's nucleotide sequence is single stranded, while RNA's nucleotide sequence is double stranded.
c
RNA's backbone is made up of phosphates, while DNA's backbone is made up of nitrates.
d
RNA contains only three different nucleotides, while DNA contains four different nucleotides.
Answer:
The answers are A and B and that's how DNA and RNA differ
test your knowledge of kidney and urinary system anatomy by selecting the terms to complete each sentence.
Renin production from JG cells is increased by low blood pressure in the kidneys. Angiotensin II activation promotes extensive vasoconstriction, posterior pituitary production of ADH, and
What time of day does blood pressure peak?Blood pressure has a daily pattern. Usually, a few hours before awakening, a person's blood pressure starts to rise. It continues to rise throughout the day, peaking about midday. Blood pressure often drops in the middle of the day and in the early evening.
What causes high blood pressure primarily?High blood pressure typically develops gradually. Unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as failing to get enough regular exercise, can be a factor. One's chance of developing high blood pressure may be increased by obesity or certain medical conditions like diabetes.
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Researchers performing __________ insert a weak electric current into the brain to stimulate it.
Researchers performing EBS insert a weak electric current into the brain to stimulate it.
Electrical brain stimulation (EBS), also known as focal brain stimulation (FBS), is a type of electrotherapy used as a technique in clinical and neurobiological research, in which the brain is stimulated by direct or indirect electrical excitation of cell membranes. or neural networks within it. It is currently used for research or therapeutic purposes.
Electrical brain stimulation (ESB) is a relatively new technique used to treat the chronic pain and tremors associated with Parkinson's disease. ESB is administered by passing an electric current through electrodes implanted in the brain.
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Why would heavy grazing by elk along streams lead to food webs breaking down? Include specific examples.
Phytoplankton has been eaten by zooplankton, followed by consumed by fish or grasses, which are later eaten mostly by rabbits, who are then eaten by foxes. A deer consumes the little plants or grass, while a lion later consumes the deer.
These organisms, which are typically bacteria as well as fungi, eat organic material before recycling it back into the biotic portion of the ecosystem. The majority of grazing food chains have such a detrital food web addition to them since all ecosystems need a way to recycle resources from deceased species.
Energy and nutrients start moving through the food web in a grazing ecosystem from plants to the herbivores that eat them as well as then to the meat eaters or omnivores that eat the herbivores.
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Originally, the term "psychology" was defined as which one of the following definitions?
A. the study of the mind or soul
B. the study of the human brain
C. the study of animal behavior
D. the study of genetics and heritability
The ______ functional division of the nervous system transmits information from the viscera to the central nervous system.
The visceral functional division of the nervous system transmits information from the viscera to the central nervous system.
The afferent or sensory department transmits impulses from peripheral organs to the CNS. The efferent or motor department transmits impulses from the CNS out to the peripheral organs to purpose an impact or action.
The 2d principal department of the frightened system, the peripheral frightened system, consists of messages to and from the imperative frightened system. It includes all the nerve cells that aren't withinside the mind or spinal column. It is constituted of parts: the somatic and the autonomic frightened systems.
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Describe the law of dominance inshort with a chart
The law of dominance, given by Mendel states that the cross between pure bred parents with contrasting traits gives offspring in F1 generation having only one trait which has dominant phenotype.
Traits are the certain characteristics of an individual. Traits are factors influenced by genes or environmental factors or both. A trait is something that can be visibly seen by an individual. They can be qualitative like eye color or quantitative like height.
Dominance is the phenomenon where one allele masks up the effect of another allele. In genetics, dominance of any character is generally represented by capital letters. Dominant allele can show its effect in heterozygous condition as well.
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Using the graphs below, determine which water drop rate leads to the highest seed growth.(Note, the vertical axis represents the number of seeds, the blue lines represent the seeds and the green represents the sprouts)
a.
90 drops/hr
b.
72 drops/hr
c.
50 drops/hr
d.
12 drops/hr
Answer: 50 drops/hr
Explanation:
the caspase activator released during the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway primarily functions in which cellular process? a proton pumping b heme biosynthesis c calcium signaling d electron transport
The caspase activator released during the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway primarily functions in the electron transport cellular process.
What are the mitochondria?Mitochondriа lie аt the crux of cellulаr viаbility аnd аlterаtions to function аre often to the detriment of the cell/orgаnism. Mitochondriа hаve evolved to control а diverse number of processes including cellulаr energy production, cаlcium signаlling аnd аpoptosis. Under аerobic conditions, mitochondriа produce energy in the form of АTP аnd mаintаin аn electrochemicаl membrаne grаdient. Reduction in proton pumping аcross the membrаne cаn result in decreаsed cell viаbility аnd induction of the intrinsic аpoptotic pаthwаy. Cytochrome c releаsed from mitochondriа is the point of no return in terms of cell survivаl аs this triggers аctivаtion of аpoptosis.
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Study the illustration.
Which statement best describes the genetic material that is being separated in the illustration?
Answer:
Homologous chromatids
Homologous pair: two chromosmes, each inherited from a different parent, and identical in appearance and length.
Chromatids: two halves of a chromosome that have been replicated during cell division.
Marine science The exosphere is about halfway to the moon, true or false