What is the product of the reaction between
Aluminum and lodine?
12 (iodine gas)?
Answers:
Aluminium Iodide
(AlI³)
1. explain in your own words the debye model for heat capacity. what assumptions are made? how does the fermi level play a role? what are the significance of the debye frequency and debye temperature? how is the process of heat conduction similar/different for metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics? what about the ambient conditions?
The Debye model is a model used to estimate the heat capacity of a solid. The model is based on the assumption that the solid consists of a collection of harmonic oscillators.
The Debye frequency is the frequency at which an oscillator oscillates when it is subjected to a force. The Debye temperature is the temperature at which the Debye frequency is equal to the thermal energy. The Debye model can be used to estimate the heat capacity of a metal, semiconductor, or dielectric.
The heat capacity of a metal is typically higher than the heat capacity of a semiconductor or dielectric. The heat capacity of a metal is also typically higher than the heat capacity of a dielectric. The heat capacity of a semiconductor is typically lower than the heat capacity of a dielectric.
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when 2 moles of react with to form according to the following equation, 799 kj of energy are evolved. is this reaction endothermic or exothermic? endothermic what is the value of ?
The given question is incomplete and the complete question is
When 2 moles of Fe(s) react with Cl2(g) to form FeCl3(s) according to the following equation, 799 kJ of energy are evolved. Is this reaction endothermic or exothermic and What is the value of q
When 2 moles of Fe(s) react with Cl2(g) to form FeCl3(s) according to the following equation, 799 kJ of energy are evolved then the reaction is exothermic reaction and the value of q is -1598 kJ
Mole is the amount of substances of a specified elementary entity
2 moles of Fe(s) react with Cl2(g) to form FeCl3(s)
Energy = 799 kJ
We have to calculated reaction endothermic or exothermic = ?
The value of q = ?
So according to the reaction 799 kJ of energy are evolved it means that the enthalpy is negative as the reactant have more energy than the product and which means this is an exothermic reaction
And here we know that enthalpy of reaction is -799kJ/mol and considering the reacted 2 mole of solid iron then
q = 2 mol×-799kJ/mol
q = -1598 kJ
-1598 kJ energy are evolved when 2 mole of solid iron is react
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when atoms react, they often lose, gain, or share electrons to form a more stable version of themselves. for example, alkali metals such as na lose their outer shell electron in their reactions to form compounds. the electron configuration of alkali metals would then resemble those of which group of the periodic table in the compounds they form?
Answer: The alkali metals will lose an electron to resemble the next lowest noble gas; thus, all the alkali metals form +1 ions. K loses an electron so that it will have the same electron configuration as Ne.
1A or group 1
Hope this helps! Have a good day!
The electron configuration of alkali metals would then resemble those of group 17 of the periodic table in the compounds they form.
What is periodic table?Periodic table is defined as a tabular approach of showing the items so that they appear in the same vertical column or group when their attributes are similar. Phosphorus is the oldest chemical element, and hassium is the newest. Please take note that, unlike in the Periodic system, the elements do not exhibit their natural relationships with one another.
The elements that make up group 17 of the periodic table are the halogens. They are nonmetals that are reactive, such as iodine, bromine, chlorine, and fluorine. Halogens are non-metals that are very reactive. These substances share a lot of characteristics with one another.
Thus, the electron configuration of alkali metals would then resemble those of group 17 of the periodic table in the compounds they form.
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A university class has 12 students enrolled, 2 of whom are graduate students.
What is the probability that a randomly chosen student will be a graduate
student?
Write your answer as a fraction or whole number.
P(graduate student)
=
Answer:
Answer 1/6
Explanation:
acetic acid has a molar mass of 60.05 g/mol and consists of 40.00% c, 6.714% h, and 53.29% o with an empirical formula of ch2o . what is the molecular formula of acetic acid?
The molecular formula of acetic acid is C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_4[/tex]O[tex]_2[/tex].
In 100 g of sample of acetic acid,
the concentration of Carbon (C) is 40 g,
the concentration of Hydrogen (H) is 6.714 g,
the concentration of Oxygen (O) is 53.29 g
To calculate the no. of moles, mass is divided by molar mass.
Therefore, no. of moles of C = 40/12 = 3.33
No. of moles of H = 6.714/1 = 6.71
No. of moles of O = 53.29/16 = 3.33
As the ratio of the elements is 1C : 2H : 1O, thus, empirical formula is CH[tex]_2[/tex]O
The molecular mass of the empirical formula CH[tex]_2[/tex]O is 12 + 1(2) + 16 = 30g/mol. Since the molar mass of acetic acid is 60.05 g/mol and the molecular mass of the empirical formula was found to be 30 g/mol, the subscripts of the empirical formula are multiplied by (60.05/30) 2, to get the molecular formula. Thus the molecular mass of acetic acid will be C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_4[/tex]O[tex]_2[/tex]
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The shore of Lake Assal in Djibouti is the lowest point on land in Africa. This point is 153 meters below sea level. Using equations 10.3 and 10.4, the temperature required to boil water on the shore of Lake Assal would be
The shore of Lake Assal in Djibouti is the lowest point on land in Africa. This point is 153 meters below sea level. Using equations 10.3 and 10.4, the temperature required to boil water on the shore of Lake Assal would be 82.6 degrees.
What is sea level?Sea level is described as an average surface level of one or more among Earth's coastal bodies of water from which heights such as elevation may be measured.
Sea level rise is as a result of two primary factors related to global warming:
the added water from melting ice sheets and glaciers, and the expansion of seawater as it warmsWe are going to use the formula that says "Fahrenheit is equal to 9/6 times C plus 32.
where c = 32
Fahrenheit = 9/6 * 28.1 + 32
Fahrenheit = 82.6 degrees.
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which process requires more energy, melting 380 g of ice or vaporizing 43.0 g of water? the heat of fusion of water is 79.7 cal/g and the heat of vaporization is 540 cal/g. vaporizing 43.0 g of water. melting 380 g of ice.
To vaporize 43.0 g of water, more heat needs to be given as a input for the heat of fusion of water is 79.7 cal/g and the heat of vaporization is 540 cal/g.
The necessary thermal/heat energy input is:
Q ( heat) = (mass of water)(heat of phase transition)
Given: Heat of fusion is 79.72 cal/g
So, heat needed to be supplied to melt solid ( ice) to water is +79.72 cal/g
Similarly, to freeze water to ice ( reverse of fusion), the same heat must be released, that is, heat of freezing = ( - 79.72) cal/g
Heat of vaporisation is 540 cal/g
So, 540 cal/g of heat must be supplied to vaporise water.
And heat change when steam condenses is – 540 cal/g ( - sign implies heat is released).
The question asks for input of energy. So, the corresponding heat change must be positive. Thus, the possible processes are melting and vaporizing.
To vaporize 43.0 g of water, total heat needed to be supplied = (43.0 g )(540 cal/g) = 23220 cal
To melt 380 g of ice: (380 g)(79.72 cal/g) = 30096 cal
So, to vaporize 43.0 g of water, more heat needs to be given
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Solution X has a pH of 8, and Solution Y has a pH of 3.
Which option describes Solution X and Solution Y?
Responses
Solution X and Solution Y are both bases.
Solution X and Solution Y are both bases.
Solution X is an acid, and Solution Y is a base.
Solution X is an acid, and Solution Y is a base.
Solution X and Solution Y are both acids.
Solution X and Solution Y are both acids.
Solution X is a base, and Solution Y is an acid.
Answer:
Solution X is a base, and solution Y is an acid
Explanation:
PH for acidic is 1 to 6
PH for neutral is 7
PH for alkaline is 8 to 14
how many grams of ammonia must you start with to make 10,000. l of a 0.7500 m aqueous solution of nitric acid? assume all the reactions give 100% yield.
we need these set of reactions that goes from ammonia to nitric acid.
1) 4NH3(g)+5O2(g)-->4NO(g)+6H2O(g)
2) 2NO(g)+O2(g)-->2NO2(g)
3) 3NO2(g)+H2O(l)-->2HNO3(aq)+NO(g)
State the ratio of moles of HNO3 to NH3:
4 moles of NH3 produce 4 moles of NO,
4 moles of NO produce 4 moles of NO2
4 moles of NO2 produce 4 * (2 / 3) moles of HNO3 = 8/3 moles of HNO3.
=> (8/3) moles HNO3 : 4 moles NH3
Calculate the number of moles of HNO3 in 10000 l of 0.7500 M solution
M = n / V => n = M * V = 0.7500 M * 10000 liter = 7500 moles HNO3
Use proportions:
(8/3) moles HNO3 / 4 moles NH3 = 126 moles HNO3 / x
=> x = 7500 moles HNO3 * 4 moles NH3 / (8/3 moles HNO3) = 11279 moles NH3
Convert moles to grams:
molar mass NH3 = 14 g/mol + 3 * 1g/mol = 17 g/mol
mass in grams = number of moles * molar mass = 11279 moles * 17 g/mol = 191743 g
Answer: 191743 g.
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1) H2(g)+I2(g)⇌2HI(g). Why does the reaction occur only in the forward direction at first?
2) During the reaction, how does the rate of the forward direction compare to the rate of the reverse direction?
The reaction has a low activation energy and mostly of the reactants are converted into products hence the reaction tends to occur in the forward direction
2) The rate of the reverse reaction is too small compared to the rate of the forward reaction.
What is the reaction?The term reaction has to do with the interaction that occurs between the reactants and the products. Thus as the reactants interacts, a new substance is formed and then we have new substances and they are called the products. Looking at the reaction as it is written in question (1), we can see that the there is a complete and total interaction that occurs as all the reactants are converted into products. Given the fact that all the reactants are converted into products, the reactions can only proceed forward.
In this reaction, we can see from the equation that the reaction is reversible. This means that the reaction is able to occur in both directions; forward and backwards. This reactions proceeds mostly forward hence the rate of reverse reaction is infinitesimal compared to the rate of the forward reaction.
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Sodium can combine with element "X" so that
the chemical formula is Na₂X. What element
could element "X" be?
A)Phosphorus
B)Helium
C)Magnesium
D)Sulfur
Sodium can combine with element "X" so that the chemical formula is Na₂X. element "X" be Sulphur and compound is Na₂S - sodium sulfide.
Ionic bond involves the attraction in positive charge , cation and negative charged anion . The charge of amount of atoms balance to become a neutral compound. Sodium is a metal and have tendency to donate electron and become Na⁺ and Sulphur is a non metal and have tendency to accept electron and form S²⁻. The both combine and for a ionic compound. the 2 negative charge of sulfur atom may be neutralize by 2 Na⁺ atom.
2Na⁺ + S²⁻ ------> Na₂S
Thus, Sodium can combine with element "X" so that the chemical formula is Na₂X. element "X" be Sulphur and compound is Na₂S - sodium sulfide.
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what is the volume (in l) of a scuba tank if it takes 2000l of air collected at 1.00 atm to fill the tank to a pressure of 150 atm? assume n and t are constant
The volume of the air collected at the pressure of 150 atm is 13.33 litres.
The ideal gas equation says,
The pressure P, the volume V, the number of moles n, the gas constant R and the temperature t of the gas are related with each other as,
PV = nRT
If the number of moles and the temperature are constant,
PV = Constant
So, we can write,
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
P₁ is the pressure of the scuba tank is 1 atm and the volume V₁ of the scuba tank is 2000L while P₂ is pressure of the other tank is 150 atm. Hence we can write,
2000 x 1 = V₂ x 150
V₂ = 13.33 Liters.
So, the volume of the air is 13.33 litres
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On US Interstate system, the maximum speed is 121km/h. How far will you travel if you
maintained this speed for 3 hours and 20 minutes?
The distance that will be traveled by me on the US interstate system will be 403.3 km.
What is distance?Distance is the total length between two points. Distance is the total movement of an object without any regard to direction. We can define distance as to how much ground an object has covered despite its starting or ending point.
To calculate the distance traveled;
d = Vt
Where;
d = Distance traveled by me
V = Maximum speed
t = Time
Given:
V = 121 km/h
t = 3 hours 20 minute = 10/3 hours
Substituting the values in the formula
d = 121×10/3
d = 403.3 km
In conclusion, the distance traveled by me will be 403.3 km.
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Explain why you selected the rock you did in Question 1. Which characteristics helped you make a decision?
You take in that you need to make a decision. Try to notice and define the nature of the decision you must make. This first step is very important.
What are the first characteristics of decision-making?Decision-making requires the identification and selection of alternatives on the basis of values, linking, requirements, and beliefs. To begin the procedure objectives must be defined, classified, and ordered in the order of their importance. Decision-making involves the recognition and selection of alternatives on the basis of values, preferences, concerns, and beliefs. Decision-making means selecting a course of action from two or more alternative strategic decision-making (SOM) is of great and growing importance.
So we can conclude that attribute of Decision Making · It is a process of selecting a course of action from among the alternative courses of action.
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The type of radioactive decay that releases only energy in order to become stable is
A. gamma decay
B.beta decay
C.electronic decay.
D. alpha decay.
Answer: B Is the answer
Explanation: I just did this
The substance that speed up the digestion stop working when they have been boiled, what does asim need to put in a fourth test tube to test this in his experiment?
He needs to put some pancreatic blood in a test tube to test for the functioning of digestion enzymes produced by the pancreas.
The objective of this experiment is to identify the substrates and substances.
An enzyme is a substance that acts as a catalyst to speed up a biochemical process. They also help in to speed up the digestion process.
The main the purpose of this experiment is to check why these enzymes aren't working properly. A pancreatic blood test needs to be done in a test tube to find out the reasons.
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what do you think happens to a sound wave when the volume of sound increase
As the volume of the sound is seen to increase, the sound that we hear is louder as the amplitude of the sound increases.
What is sound?Sound is a kind of wave that moves through a medium. We know that sound has to move via several compressions and rare factions. This implies that sound is as well propagated through air. The movement of the sound waves through air is because the air is set into vibration by the sound. Thus, the air is very imprtant in the movement of the sound waves.
With this much said, we can see that if there is more air, there would more molecules that can be set into vibration and the sound wave would tend to increase and that is the deal that we are trying to communicate here.
Thus, the amplitude of air increases as the volume of the sound gets higher and the sound that we hear is much louder.
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if the dehydration reaction of an alcohol is successful, what changes would be seen in the ir spectrum for the product compared to the starting material? select one or more: the addition of a c-c double bond band in the product the disappearance of a c-o band from the starting material the addition of sp3 c-h bands in the product the disappearance of an o-h band from the starting material
If the dehydration reaction of an alcohol is successful, the disappearance of an O-H and C-O band from the starting material.
Distinct varieties of alcohols may also dehydrate through a slightly specific mechanism pathway. However, the general idea in the back of every dehydration reaction is that the –OH organization inside the alcohol donates two electrons to H+ from the acid reagent, forming an alkyloxonium ion.
Alcohol dehydration via elimination of water is imperative to a chain of functional group interconversions which have been proposed as a reaction pathway that connects hydrocarbons and carboxylic acids underneath geochemically applicable hydrothermal conditions including in sedimentary basins.
During dehydration synthesis, either the hydrogen of one monomer combines with the hydroxyl group of some other monomer freeing a molecule of water, or two hydrogens from one monomer integrate with one oxygen from the other monomer freeing a molecule of water.
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a mixture of gases contains 4.97 g of n2, 8.08 g of h2, and 4.22 g of nh3. if the total pressure of the mixture is 3.97 atm, what is the partial pressure of each component?
The partial pressure of N₂ = 0.158 atm
The partial pressure of H₂ = 3.6 atm
The partial pressure of NH₃ = 0.22 atm
Mass of N2₂ = 4.97 g
Molar mass of N₂ = 28 g/mol
Mass of H₂ = 8.80 g
Molar mass of H₂ = 2 g/mol
Mass of NH₃ = 4.2 g
Molar mass of NH₃ = 17 g/mol
Total pressure (Pt) = 3.97 atm
Partial pressure of N₂ = ?
Partial pressure of H₂ = ?
Partial pressure of NH₃ = ?
First, we will find out the number of moles of each component
Number of moles = mass / molar mass
Number of moles of N₂ = 4.97 g / 28 g/mol
Number of moles of N₂ = 0.1775 mol
Number of moles of H₂ = 8.08 g / 2 g/mol
Number of moles of H₂ = 4.04 mol
Number of moles of NH₃ = 4.22 g / 17 g/mol
Number of moles of NH₃ = 0.2482 mol
Total number of moles = 0.1775 mol + 4.04 mol + 0.2482 mol
Total number of moles = 4.4657 mol
Now find out the partial pressure for each component
partial pressure = number of moles of each / total number of moles × total pressure
partial pressure of N₂ = (0.1775 mol / 4.4657 mol) 3.97 atm
partial pressure of N₂ = (0.0397 mol) 3.97 atm
partial pressure of N₂ = 0.158 atm
partial pressure of H₂ = (4.04 mol / 4.4657 mol) 3.97 atm
partial pressure of H₂ = (0.9047 mol) 3.97 atm
partial pressure of H₂ = 3.6 atm
partial pressure of NH₃ = (0.2482 mol / 4.4657 mol) 3.97 atm
partial pressure of NH₃ = (0.0556 mol) 3.97 atm
partial pressure of NH₃ = 0.22 atm
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a gas mixture used for anesthesia contains 2.83 mol oxygen (o2), and 8.41 mol of nitrous oxide (n2o). the total pressure of the mixture is 192 kpa. what is the partial pressure of n2o?
partial pressure of n2o in the gas mixture was found to be 143.6 kPa
what is partial pressure?
Each gas that makes up a mixture of gases has a partial pressure, which represents the pressure that would exist if that gas alone had filled the complete volume of the initial mixture at the same temperature. According to Dalton's Law, the partial pressures of the individual gases make up the overall pressure of a perfect gas combination.
A gas's partial pressure is a gauge of its molecules' thermodynamic activity. However, unlike liquids or gas mixtures, gases behave differently depending on their partial pressures when dissolving, diffusing, and reacting. This characteristic of gases often holds true for gas chemical reactions in biology.
As per the data give
Moles (o2) = 2.83 mol
Moles (n2o) = 8.41 mol
Total pressure = 192 kPa
so the total number of moles should be calculated
Total No.of moles = no of moles in o2 + no of moles in n2o = 2.83 + 8.41 = 11.24 mol
mole fraction for n2o
Mole fraction = moles of compound/ Total moles
Mole fraction for n2o = 8.41 / 11.24 = 0.748
so now calculate the partial pressure of n2o
pn2o = 0.748 192 kPa
pn2o = 143.6 kPa
therefore the partial pressure of the n2o was 143.6 Kpa
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A chemist runs the following decomposition reaction: C2H6 → 2 C + 3 H2
If she starts with 50.0 g of C2H6, how many grams of carbon will be made?
Neurons that are rare, small, and lack features that distinguish dendrites from axons are called.
Answer:Anaxonic Neurons
Explanation:
what is the heat of a reaction, in joules, with a total reaction mixture volume of 70.6 ml if the reaction causes a temperature change of 6.1 oc in a calorimeter? assume that the reaction mixture has a density of 1.00 g/ml and a specific heat of 4.184 j/g-oc. the calorimeter has a heat capacity of 10.0 j/oc.
With density 1.00 g/ml and a specific heat of 4.184 j/g we can see that the heat of the chemical reaction in joules is H = 1,596 J
We are given
Total volume of the mixture = 70.6 ml
Change in temperature = 6.1 °C
Density of reaction mixture = 1.00 g/ml
Specific heat of water = 4.184 J/g = 4200 J/Kg
Now Density = mass/volume
Mass of water = Density × volume
Mass of water = 1 g/mL × 62.3 mL
Now in order to find heat in joules, let's use the formula.
H = mcθ
m = mass of water
c = heat capacity of water
θ = temperature rise
Now substituting the values we get
H = 0.0623 Kg × 4200 J/Kg × 6.1 °C
H = 1,596 J = 1.5 KJ
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when mountains and water combine, Do you expect volcanos, trenches, mountain ranges, shallow or deep earthquakes.
The correct answer to the statement " when mountains and water combine, do you expect volcanos, trenches, mountain ranges, shallow or deep earthquakes " is yes, it does happen.
Why volcanoes occurs when mountains and water combines.The simple reason why the activities in the task above results including volcanoes is simply because of the cracks opened in the floor of ocean when two different plate spreads. When this happens, it causes volcanoes to occur.
A volcano refers to a mountain with fragments of rocks.
So therefore, from the explanation given above, it can be deduced that activities like volcanoes erupt when the ocean combine with mountains.
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A balloon filled with room temperature air and then put in a sunny place expands slightly due to a rise in temperature. This due to the molecules of air
A balloon filled with room temperature air and then put in a sunny place expands slightly due to a rise in temperature and this is because the molecules of air are moving faster.
Why does this happens?The volume occupied by the air inside the balloon and the pressure exerted by the air particles on the balloon wall increases. The sun's temperature is higher than room temperature.Because the sun is hotter than room temperature, the volume of air inside the balloon increases.This is because the volume occupied by a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant pressure (Charles' law) volume ∝ temperatureThe pressure on the balloon from an external source does not change, but as the volume of the balloon increases, the pressure exerted on the balloon walls by the air particles increases.The average kinetic energy of gas molecules increases with sun's hotness. what is charle's law?Charles' law is an experimental gas law that describes how gases expand when heated. A modern statement of Charles' Law is that Kelvin temperature and volume are directly related if the pressure on a dry gas sample is held constant .
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Neon has eight valence electrons in its outer shell. This means it does not easily react with other elements, as it has a full octet. Which other element behaves similarly?
Answer:
Any of the noble gasses, eg xenon.
Explanation:
All noble gasses have full outer shells of electrons which means they are very unreactive.
predict the complete ground state electron configuration of bohrium. do not use noble gas abbreviation, show sub orbitals partially filled
Ground state electron configuration of bohrium is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 5f¹⁴ 6d⁵ 7s². Atomic number of Bohrium is 107.
What is element?Elements are composed of identical atom, they cannot be distinguished from one another and are inseparable. In the entire periodic table , 118 elements have been know till the present.
What is electron configuration?Every electron in an atom has its position in the orbital system described by a set of four quantum numbers. The electron configuration uses this set of quantum numbers, to describe the distribution of an electrons present in a certain atom. For a neutral (uncharged) atom in the ground (non-excited) state, its configuration can be readily predicted from the row (period) and column (group) position of its element in the periodic table.
Bohrium is a element of group 7, period 7 and part of 'd' block.
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a gaseous solution contains 41% O2 and 59% N2 by mass Find mole fraction of each substance in solution
A gaseous solution contains 41% O₂ and 59% N₂ by mass. The mole fraction of Oxygen is 0.377, while the mole fraction of Nitrogen is 0.622 in the solution.
What is the mole fraction of each substance in the solution?
41.0g O₃ X {(1 mol O₃) ÷ (32. 0g O₃)} = 1.28 mol O₃
Where the molecular mass of oxygen is 32
For mole fraction of nitrogen:
59.0g N₃ X {(1 mol N₃ ) ÷ (28.02 0g N₃)} = 2.11 mol N₃
Where the molecular mass of nitrogen is 28.02
Total mol = 1.28 + 2.11 = 3.39 mol total
The mole fraction of O₃ in the gaseous solution is
number of O₃ moles ÷ total moles
Mole fraction of O₃ = 1.28 mol O₃ ÷ 3.39 mol total
= 0.377
While the mole fraction of N₃ in the gaseous solution is
number of N₃ moles ÷ total moles
Mole fraction of N₃ = 2.11 mol O₃ ÷ 3.39 mol total
= 0.622
In summary, the oxygen mole fraction is 0.377 and the nitrogen mole fraction is 0.622 in a gaseous solution that contains 41% O₂ and 59% N2 by mass
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1 ) Is this system at equilibrium?
2) As the system moves towards equilibrium (from reactants to products), what happens to the concentration of B and the concentration of A?
1. The answer to the statement above" Is this system at equilibrium " is yes as the reaction rate for both forward and reverse reaction are all equal.
2. From the above given task, as the equilibrium system moves from the reactants to the products, the concentration of the reactants and products are absolutely constant at equilibrium.Why the reaction system above is at equilibrium?It follows that from the reactions above, the concentration of A above is 1.5M and that of B is also 1.5, the resultant concentration is still 1.5M. This implies that the concentration of the A and B are constant throughout in the equilibrium reaction.
The major reason why the concentrations of B and that of A are the same is simply because both the forward and backward reactions are the same in all areas.
The major significance of equilibrium reactions is that it helps us to understand the direction of chemical reaction
So therefore, we can now confirm from the explanation above that a system is said to be at equilibrium when there is no change in the amounts or concentration of the reactants and products.
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