Answer:
Conjoined twins are two babies who are born physically connected to each other. Conjoined twins develop when an early embryo only partially separates to form two individuals. Although two fetuses will develop from this embryo, they will remain physically connected — most often at the chest, abdomen or pelvis.
Following antigenic stimulation, phosphorylation of _________ relieves inhibition of the transcription factor
Answer: zap70, ITAM.
Explanation:
An antigen is any substance that is capable of stimulating an immune response by activating lymphocytes, which are the body’s infection-fighting white blood cells. Examples of antigens could be proteins that are part of bacteria or viruses or components of serum and red blood cells from other individuals, all of them are foreign antigens originated outside the body. However, there can also be autoantigens (which are self-antigens), originated within the body. In normal conditions, the body is able to distinguish self from nonself. And the antigens that represent a danger induces an immune response by stimulating the lymphocytes to produce antibody or to attack the antigen directly. This is called an antigenic stimulation of the immune system.
ZAP-70 (Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70) is a protein that is part of the T cell receptor, thereby it plays a critical role in T-cell signaling. When the TCR (receptor of T cells) is activated by the presentation of the specific antigen through the MHC, a protein called Lck acts to phosphorylate the intracellular CD3 chains and the ζ chains of the TCR complex, allowing the binding of the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, ZAP-70. Lck then phosphorylates and activates ZAP-70, which in turn phosphorylates another molecule in the signaling cascade called LAT (short for Linker of Activated T cells), a transmembrane protein that serves as an anchor site for several other proteins. The tyrosine phosphorylation cascade initiated by the Lck culminates in the intracellular mobilization of calcium ion (Ca2+) and the activation of important signaling cascades within the lymphocytes. These include the Ras-MEK-ERK pathway, which is based on activating certain transcription factors such as NFAT, NFκB and AP-1. These transcription factors regulate the production of of certain gene products, most notably cytokines such as interleukin-2 that promote the long-term proliferation and differentiation of activated lymphocytes.
The ITAM motifs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif) are sequences of four amino acids present in the intracellular tails of certain proteins that serve as receptors within the immune system. Thus, some receptors such as the TCR have ITAM sequences that, when activated, trigger an intracellular reaction based on consecutive phosphorylations. Kinases are recruited for this purpose.
So, ZAP-70 is a protein tyrosine kinase with a role in T-cell receptor signal transduction. During T-cell activation, ZAP-70 binds to ITAM and becomes tyrosine phosphorylated. The binding of ZAP-70 to the phosphorylated ITAM is able to activate its kinase activity, and relieves the inhibition of the transcription factor which regulates genes that are involved in the immune reaction.
Explain why it is necessary to include only one chain-terminating/synthesis-terminating nucleotide in each well of the electrophoresis instrument.
Answer:
Explanation:
Generally for the formation of phosphosdiester bond between two nucleotide molecules 3'-OH group is needed between the sugar molecule of one nucleotide and the OH group of the sugar present in the other nucleotide above it. However,in the single chain terminating molecule The 3'-OH is lacking.
Hence,DNA polymerace enzyme(which catalysis DNA replication) will not be able to elongate the DNA molecules, through replications with the addition of di-deoxynucleotidetriphosphates (ddNTP). Thus inhibiting replication and therefore chain terminations,
Categorize each enzyme based on its specific function in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, or both pathways.a. Triose phosphate isomerase b. Glucose 6-phosphatase c. Hexokinase d. Fructose I ,6-bisphosphatase e. Phosphofructokinase f. Pyruvate kinase
Answer:
a. Triose phosphate isomerase glycolysis
b. Glucose 6-phosphatase gluconeogenesis
c. Hexokinase glycolysis & gluconeogenesis
d. Fructose I ,6-bisphosphatase gluconeogenesis
e. Phosphofructokinase glycolysis
f. Pyruvate kinase glycolysis
Explanation:
Triose phosphate isomerase is a protein that functions as an enzyme, and takes part in glycolysis, in the interconversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Glucose 6-phosphatase is also a protein that works as an enzyme, it hydrolyzes glucose 6-phosphate given glucose free as a result. Hexokinase is a protein too, and is part of a wider group of enzymes. It forms hexose phosphate by phosphorylating hexoses (six-carbon sugars). Fructose I ,6-bisphosphatase is an enzyme too, and it tranforms fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into fructose 6-phosphate. Phosphofructokinase is an enzyme too, that works in changing a phosphoryl group from ATP to fructose-6-phosphate (F6P). Pyruvate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ADP tp ATP and phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate.
Which of the following statements is true of soluble fibers? a. They are not viscous. b. They retain their tough texture after being cooked. c. They impart gel-like characteristics to foods. d. They always resist fermentation. e. They are tough and stringy.
Answer:
The answer is "Option C".
Explanation:
The soluble fiber was fiber and in the diet which is prescribed to increase metabolism, reduce cardiovascular problems, cure constipation, and is ideal for patient diabetes.
This consumes food water and provides support with gel-like characteristics, which are rich in fiber in foods like rice, fruits, and bovines. They all are essential for fitness, digestion, and preventive medicine. It draws in liquid(water) while absorption and transforms into a gel. It slows it down the digestive cycle.Explain the relationship between a thriving civilization and it’s agriculture system? In a paragraph
Answer:
They use advance technologies in agriculture.
Explanation:
There is a direct relationship between thriving civilization and it’s agriculture system because they use advance methods and technologies in agriculture instead of traditional practices. They use heavy machinery for tillage in order to save the time, use high yielding varieties, use proper dose of fertilizers, use of pesticides and weedicides in order to protect the crop. They harvest the crop by using thresher in order to avoid post harvest losses. In short, they use all technologies available to make a higher yield in order to earn more profit.
A cytoskeleton is:_______.
a. a structure that aids in the process of cell division.
b. found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
c. a system of tracks used for transport.
d. composed of microtubules and microfilaments.
e. All answers are correct.
Answer: e
Explanation: Cytoskeleton is a microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules that provide support and movement for eukaryotic cytoplasm.
1. Prokaryotic cytoplasm lacks certain features of eukaryotic cytoplasm, such as cytoskeleton and cytoplasmic streaming.
2. The cytoskeleton provides support and shape to cell.
3. It help in transporting substances through cell.
4. It help in phagocytosis.
5. It help in cytoplasmic streaming that is movement of eukaryotic cytoplasm from one part of cell to another which help distribute nutrients and move the cell over the surface.
6. The study of the numerous interaction between microbes and host cell cytoskeleton is a very intense area of investigation on virulence mechanism.
All answers are correct. Therefore, option (E) is correct.
What is cytoskeleton?The cytoskeleton is a complex network of protein filaments that extends throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. It plays a number of important roles in the cell, including providing structural support, helping cells maintain their shape, and assisting in the movement of organelles and other cellular components. The cytoskeleton is also involved in the process of cell division, or mitosis, which is the process by which a single cell divides into two daughter cells.
The cytoskeleton is composed of three types of protein filaments: microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. Microtubules are long, thin protein fibers that form a kind of scaffolding within the cell. Microfilaments, which are made of actin proteins, are thinner than microtubules and are involved in muscle contraction and cell movement. Intermediate filaments are thicker than microfilaments and provide structural support to the cell. Together, these three types of protein filaments form a system of tracks that can be used for transport within the cell.
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The photoelectric effect describes when light shines on a piece of metal, and the metal releases electrons. Which model of light
behavior best helps explain this effect?
Particle model
Wave model
Electromagnetic model
Frequency model
Answer:
The answer is PARTICLE MODEL The person above ^^^ got the answer wrong, the correct answer really is Particle Model...
Thanks...
Answer:
Particle model
Explanation:
I am taking the test rnn
Flvs
why does mosquito net easily form lather with hard water
Answer:
Hard water is defined as the type of water that does not readily give a good lather with soap.
Mosquito net do not form easily lather with hard water because hard water is made up of magnesium and calcium ions which precipitate the soap and unable to form lather.
I want to know full answer about ecoregion vs. ecosystem.
Answer:
An ecoregion (ecological region) or ecozone (ecological zone) is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion, which in turn is smaller than a biogeographic realm. Ecoregions cover relatively large areas of land or water, and contain characteristic, geographically distinct assemblages of natural communities and species. The biodiversity of flora, fauna and ecosystems that characterise an ecoregion tends to be distinct from that of other ecoregions. In theory, biodiversity or conservation ecoregions are relatively large areas of land or water where the probability of encountering different species and communities at any given point remains relatively constant, within an acceptable range of variation (largely undefined at this point).

A map of the Amazon rainforest ecoregions. The yellow line encloses the ecoregions per the World Wide Fund for Nature.

A map of North America's bioregions
Three caveats are appropriate for all bio-geographic mapping approaches. Firstly, no single bio-geographic framework is optimal for all taxa. Ecoregions reflect the best compromise for as many taxa as possible. Secondly, ecoregion boundaries rarely form abrupt edges; rather, ecotones and mosaic habitats bound them. Thirdly, most ecoregions contain habitats that differ from their assigned biome. Biogeographic provinces may originate due to various barriers, including physical (plate tectonics, topographic highs), climatic (latitudinal variation, seasonal range) and ocean chemical related (salinity, oxygen levels).
PLEASE HELP !!
100 POINTS !!
WRONG ANSWERS WILL GET REPORTED.
WHAT IS THE ECCENTRICITY OF A COMPLETELY FLAT ELLIPSE ?
-EXPLAIN IN YOUR OWN WORDS.
Answer:
The eccentricity of an ellipse is between 0 and 1 because the distance from the fixed point on the plane has a constant ratio which is less than the distance from the fixed line in the plane.
Explanation:
in other words ,The eccentricity of an ellipse is defined as the ratio of the distance between its two foci and the length of the major axis
hope i hepled
When chyme enters the duodenum, ____ is released and stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonates. A. gastrin B. secretin C. insulin D. cholecystokinin E. glucagon
Answer: B. secretin
Secretin is secreted in response to acid in the duodenum, which occurs when acid-laden chyme from the stomach flows through the pylorus. The effect of secretin on the pancreas is to stimulate duct cells to secrete water and bicarbonate.
If the sequence of bases on the mRNA codon is AUU, what would be the sequence of bases on the opposite strand assembled by the tRNA?
A. UUA
B. TAA
C. ATT
D. UAA
Answer: I know that some people need this so here you go! these are all 100% correct
If the sequence of bases on the mRNA codon is AUU, what would be the sequence of bases on the opposite strand assembled by the tRNA?Answer: UAA
Which of the following correctly shows the sequence of organelles a protein would take if it were being exported from the cell?Answer: Ribosome → Rough ER → Vesicle → Golgi Apparatus → Vesicle → Cell Membrane
The endomembrane system is a collection of membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells that handles the production and processing of proteins that will be used in organelles or exported to the outside of the cell. These functions are __________, respectively.Answer: protein making, protein packaging, and lipid production
In which part of the cell do ribosomes perform protein synthesis?Answer: cytoplasm
What would happen to a cell that lacked smooth endoplasmic reticulum?Answer: It would not be able to make lipids.
The sequence of bases on the opposite strand assembled by the tRNA would be UAA.
TRANSFER RNA (tRNA):
Transfer RNA or commonly known as tRNA is a form of RNA that perform two major functions during the process of translation in the ribosome.Attaching to and reading mRNA sequence using its anticodons. Carrying of corresponding amino acid to the polypeptide chain. The tRNA posseses a group of three nucleotide sequence called ANTICODON. These anticodons are complementary to the mRNA codon sequence. tRNA uses its anticodon to bind and read the mRNA sequence. In the RNA; Adenine binds to Uracil (U) while Cytosine (C) binds to Guanine (G). Hence, if the sequence of bases on the mRNA codon is AUU, the sequence of bases that would be on the anticodon of the tRNA is UAA.Learn more: https://brainly.com/question/21312423?referrer=searchResults
Myristoyl-CoA is a saturated fatty acid with 14 carbons attached to coenzyme A. How many molecules of ATP would be generated from the complete oxidation of a single molecule of myristoyl-CoA
Answer:
Total ATP molecules produced = 94 molecules of ATP
Explanation:
Myristoyl-CoA, is a saturated fatty acid with 14 carbons which has been activated for oxidation by attachment to coenzyme A. When it has undergone complete oxidation, it will yield 7 acetyl-CoA molecules and 6 FADH₂ and 6 NADH molecules each.
Each of the 7 acetyl-CoA molecules obtained from its initial oxidation enters into the citric acid cycle and is completely oxidized to yield further ATP and FADH₂ and NADH molecules.
The overall yield of ATP from the various enzymatic steps is shown below:
Acyl-CoA dehydrodenase = 6 FADH₂
β-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase = 6 NADH
Isocitrate dehydrogenase = 7 NADH
α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase = 7 NADH
Succinyl-CoA synthase = 7 ATP (from substrate-level phosphorylation)
Succinate dehydrogenase = 7 FADH₂
Malate dehydrogenase = 7 NADH
Note: 1 FADH2 molecule yields 1.5 ATP; 1 NADH molecule yields 2.5 ATP molecules. Therefore,
Total ATP from FADH₂ molecules = 13 * 1.5 = 19.5
Total NADH molecules = 27 * 2.5 = 67.5
Total ATP molecules produced = 19.5 + 67.5 + 7 = 94
Total ATP molecules produced = 94 molecules of ATP
Soil moisture that plants are capable of accessing and using is called Group of answer choices capillary water.
Answer:
Explanation:hv
blood consists of which fluid medium
a.lymph
b.platelets
c.plasma
d.all of these
Answer:
C. Plasma
Explanation:
Blood consists of a fluid medium called Plasma.
Volcanic eruptions are events that take place inside Earth’s . When they occur on land, they spew tremendous amounts of gas, releasing matter into the . The hot, flowing lava also disrupts the by destroying any vegetation and animals in its path.
Answer:
Volcanic eruptions are events that take place inside Earth’s GEOSPHERE. When they occur on land, they spew tremendous amounts of gas, releasing matter into the ATMOSPHERE. The hot, flowing lava also disrupts the BIOSPHERE by destroying any vegetation and animals in its path.
Explanation: I was taking the test and got it right so I thought I could help anyone who needs it
The lemming is a small mammals with a very high daily energy expenditure for its size. Based on what you learned in the panda case study, what would you predict about the lemming
Answer is give below
Explanation:
In the panda case study, we know that here lemming is a small mammal with the very high daily energy expenditure for its size so as per this predict about the lemming that there would not be an affect since the human body does not need any fat and the small intestine would not be able to absorb fats.
what are 3 major functions of the femur?
Answer:
The femur is the longest bone in the human skeleton. It functions in supporting the weight of the body and allowing motion of the leg. The femur articulates proximally with the acetabulum of the pelvis forming the hip joint, and distally with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint.
Explanation:
Holding the body weight once standing and moving. People are being stabilized as they move. Connecting the hips and knees' muscles, tendons, and ligaments to the rest of your body. These are three functions of femur.
What is femur?The femur is the bone in the thigh. It is person's body's longest and strongest bone. It is an essential component of the ability to stand and move.
There can be many functions of this bone, some are listed below:
Hold the body weight.Stabilize the body while moving.Connecting hip and knees.Thus, above mentioned are three functions of femur.
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PLz answer my scientific question
Answer:
the independent variable is time.the independent variable is time in the second graph because time is the only independent variable.Explanation:
hope this will help :)
Answer:
I would have to say D but I might be wrong.
Explanation:
Function of mitosis in plant growth and development
Answer:
The mitosis cell division helps in vegetative growth in plants. It also helps in healing of wounds
Very small changes in the solute concentrations in the various fluid compartments cause water to move from one compartment to another, which alters blood composition and blood pressure. How do the following physiological changes affect blood pressure?
a. Decrease water reabsorption
b. Decrease peripheral resistance
c. Vasodilation
d. Decrease salt intake
e. Decrease blood volume
f. Vasoconstriction
g. Increase peripheral resistance
h. Increase salt intake
i. Increase blood volume
j. Increase water reabsorption
Answer:
a. Decrease water reabsorption : decrease blood pressure.
b. Decrease peripheral resistance : decrease blood pressure
c. Vasodilation : decrease blood pressure
d. Decrease salt intake : decrease blood pressure
e. Decrease blood volume : decrease blood pressure
f. Vasoconstriction : increase blood pressure
g. Increase peripheral resistance: increase blood pressure
h. Increase salt intake: increase blood pressure
i. Increase blood volume : increase blood pressure
j. Increase water reabsorption: increase blood pressure
Explanation:
Total peripheral resistance: This term refers to the resistance offered by the vascular system to the blood flow. This resistance is a result of the friction between the blood and the vessel's walls. In other words, it is the opposition of the vessels to blood flow. The total peripheral resistance is the summary of all the bloody circuit resistances in the body. Those mechanisms that induce vasoconstriction conduce to an increase in total peripheral resistance, while mechanisms that induce vasodilation provoke a decrease in total peripheral resistance. Blood pressure: This term refers to the strength applied by the blood against the vessel walls as it flows. This pressure is determined by the bombed blood strength and the volume as well as by the vessel size and flexibility. Blood pressure changes continuously according to the activity, temperature, diet, emotional state, among others. Salt ingestion causes an increase in plasmatic osmolarity, stimulates thirst, and hence, water ingestion. Sodium retains water, expanding the blood volume and causing an increase in vessel pressure. The antidiuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin hormone, is released by changes in serum osmolarity or blood volume. Its function is to keep homeostasis and make kidneys conserve or keep water by concentrating urine and by reducing its volume. By these actions, the antidiuretic hormone stimulates water reabsorption, according to the organism´s needs. Kidneys control blood pressure in many ways. If the pressure is elevated, kidneys produce the loss of salt and water, normalizing arterial pressure. But if pressure is low, kidneys conserve water.To study the fate of carbon during glycolysis under aerobic conditions, cultured cells are fed with 14C-glucose labeled in various positions. You use a radiolabeled form of glucose where the radioactive 14C occupies position 1. Which of the following is correct?a. The carboxyl group of acetyl-CoA and CO2 become radiolabeledb. The methyl group of acetyl CoA and CO2 become radiolabeledc. The carbonyl group of acetyl-CoA becomes radiolabeledd. The methyl group of acetyl CoA becomes radiolabelede. CO2 becomes radiolabeledf. I don’t have enough information to conclude
Answer:
D. The methyl group of acetyl CoA becomes radio-labeled
Explanation:
During the steps in glycolysis, the carbon at position 1, becomes C-1 in dihydroxyacetone phosphate during the cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. Subsequently on isomerization of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, C-1 of dihydroxyacetone phosphate becomes C-3 of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
Furthermore, in pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, C-3 is converted to a methyl group which then becomes the methyl group in the acetyl-CoA molecule produced from the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate.
Since the radioactive 14-C of radio-labeled glucose occupies position 1, it will become the methyl group of acetyl-CoA.
During inhalation, air
travels from____
atmospheric
pressure to_____
intrapulmonary
pressure.
A. High; Low
B. Low; High
C. Not enough information to determine
Answer:
during inhalation, air travels from high atmospheric pressure to low intra pulmonary pressure
Transposons need to __________________ in order to limit their negative impact on the genome of the host cell. A. control their nucleotide length B. regulate their copy number C. control their target-site choice D. avoid transposing into their own genome
Answer:
The correct answer is B
Explanation:
Transposons need to regulate their copy number to avoid errors with chromosomal pairing during meiosis and mitosis such as unequal crossover.
A typical example of this error is called the Alu Sequence or Elements. Alu elements contain more than one million copies found everywhere in the genome of human beings.
Many inherited human diseases such as cancer are related to Alu insertions.
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What is a function of the integumentary system?
1 forms blood clots
2 grows new tissue
3 absorbs water
4 break down chemical bonds in food
Answer:
absorbs water is a function of the integumentary system. hope it help you.
A function of the integumentary system is to grow new tissues. Thus, the correct option B.
What is the Integumentary system?The integumentary system may be defined as a unique type of system that primarily consists of the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands. It is the set of organs that construct an outermost layer of an animal or human body.
The integumentary system plays a significant role in the growth of new tissues within the body. The cells of the skin generally hold the mechanism of renewal or replacement of injured or damaged cells which are present on the epidermis part of a specific organ.
The integumentary system also protects the body from infections, and injuries provide defense against pathogens, etc.
Therefore, a function of the integumentary system is to grow new tissues. Thus, the correct option B.
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PLS HELP ME OUT WITH THIS ANSWER........ WHAT IS DINOFLAGELLATES ?
Answer:
These are single-celled MESOKARYOTES constituting the phylum DINOFLAGELLATA
Explanation:
Their populations are distributed depending on sea surface temperature,e.t.c.
Hope it helps.
• They are basically unicellular, motile, biflagellate and photosynthetic protists. Predominate colour is golden brown but yellow, green, red and even blue also exists.Some Dinoflagellates like Gymnodinium and Gonyaulax grow in large number in the sea and make the water look red and cause the so called “red tide”.
A response to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs naturally without learning is known as a(n) __________ response.
A. neutral
B. conditioned
C. reconditioned
D. unconditioned
Answer:
it is going o be B. conditioned
Answer:
D
Explanation:
edge
How does pollution affect biodiversity
Answer:
All forms of pollution pose a serious threat to biodiversity, but in particular nutrient loading, primarily of nitrogen and phosphorus, which is a major and increasing cause of biodiversity loss and ecosystem dysfunction. ... In addition, nitrogen compounds can lead to eutrophication of ecosystems.
What cell feature is used by scientists to classify an unknown cell as prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Answer:
Like a prokaryotic cell, a eukaryotic cell has a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes, but a eukaryotic cell is typically larger than a prokaryotic cell, has a true nucleus (meaning its DNA is surrounded by a membrane), and has other membrane-bound organelles that allow for compartmentalization of functions.
Explanation:
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You will be the expert: Imagine you are teaching a class on controlling microbial growth in the environment. To test your students, you will present them with a scenario including a site and some probably microbes present. They must design a strategy to eliminate harmful microbes from the area.
1A. Come up with a scenario/situation including a site and some probable microbes present.
1B. Come up with possible solution/analysis to that scenario/situation in order to eleminate harmful microbes.
Answer:
A possible scenario would be many rusty pipes with abundant soil in an abandoned area or house.
The probable microorganism would be clostritium tetani, which causes tetanus disease.
This clostridium is eliminated once the oxidized surfaces are exterilized, eliminated and cleaned with disinfectants.
In addition, it could be sprayed with disinfectant on the ground to kill the presence of possible spores of this bacterium.
Explanation:
Clostridium tetani is a bacterium that affects the central and peripheral nervous systems of humans.
Today there is a vaccine for this bacterium, which is called tetanus and is administered against a possible accident, surgical act or risk of having been inoculated with the bacteria.
The current tetanus vaccine has a longevity of 10 years in the human organism, once this period has passed, the booster should be given.
This bacterium coexists with other microorganisms in this environment with accumulations of soil and rust, which the most dangerous would be fungi (they trigger deep mycosis). An example of these fungi is: histoplasma capsulatum, responsible for generating histoplasmosis.
The scenario or situation including a site and some probable microbes present would be a controlled Laboratory.
The possible solution or analysis to that scenario in order to eliminate harmful microbes is fumigation.
Identification of microbes is critical in determining which microbial removal strategies will be used in a site.
The scenario or situation including a site and some probable microbes present would be a controlled Laboratory where microbes are isolated from the site via cultured methods. When carrying out microbial culture, the culture plates usually support the growth of a wide range of microorganisms. As a result, biochemical approaches may be used to distinguish one microbial population species from another. They may exist in various species of fungi, viruses, bacteria, protozoa, etc.
The elimination of microbes is dependant on the size of the area being analyzed. This is done by the application of formaldehyde to the area. Other methods include alcohol sterilization and heat sterilization for cleaning and sanitizing surfaces of the laboratory and equipment respectively.
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