All cnidarians have two tissue layers. The outer layer is called the epidermis, whereas the inner layer is called the gastrodermis and lines the digestive cavity. Between these two layers is a non-living, jelly-like mesoglea
Cnidarias have an internal sac for digestion which is called the gastrovascular cavity. The gastrovascular cavity has only one opening, a mouth, through which the animal takes in food and releases waste. Tentacles radiate outward from the rim of the mouth.
The body wall of a cnidarian consists of three layers, an outer layer known as the epidermis, a middle layer called the mesoglea, and an inner layer referred to as the gastrodermis. The epidermis contains a collection of different types of cells. These include epitheliomuscular cells which contract and enable movement, interstitial cells that give rise to many other cell types such as egg and sperm, cnidocytes which are specialized cells unique to cnidarians which in some cnidarians contain stinging structures, mucus-secreting cells which glandular cells that secrete mucus, and receptor and nerve cells which collect and transmit sensory information.
The inner layer, the endoderm , has cells that produce digestive enzymes and break up food particles. The jellylike material between the two layers is called the mesoglea. All of these body layers surround a central cavity called the gastrovascular cavity, which extends into the hollow tentacles.
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3. List the main phases of mitosis in order from start to finish. *
The main phases of mitosis in order from start to finish are as follows:
ProphasePrometaphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophase.What is Mitosis?Mitosis may be defined as a type of cell division through which a parental cell is successfully divided into two daughter cells. These daughter cells are genetically identical to the parental cells and generally diploid in nature.
Prophase is the longest phase of karyokinesis. In this phase, the nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear. In metaphase, the chromosomes are usually lined up in one plane by attaching to the spindle through the centromere.
Anaphase is the smallest phase of mitotic cell division. In this phase, the centromere splits, and chromosomes move to opposite poles. In telophase, the two sets of daughter chromosomes reached opposite poles and are converted into chromatin thread.
Therefore, the main phases of mitosis order from start to finish are well described above.
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Question 7
A Split-brain operation cuts the
O Hippocampus; insomnia
O Glia; seizures
O Glia; insomnia
O Corpus callosum; seizures
to prevent
Answer:
A Hippocampus; insomnia
A student is setting up an experiment. The student has 20 identical young plants and will try to answer this question how does the amount of water give it to these plants each day affect how tall the plants grow? 1.State an appropriate hypothesis for this experiment.2. Identify one condition other than identical young plants that should be held constant during the experiment. 3. Identify one measurement tool needed for this experiment and describe the type of data measured by this tool. Measurement tool:
Type of data measured by tool
1) Hypothesis: If the plant receives the same amount of water every day, it will grow taller than plants that receive different daily amounts of water. 2) Controlled variable: Light exposure. 3) Measurement tool: Millimeter ruler.
What is a hypothesis and controlled variables?
A hypothesis is a scientific conjecture, not verified, that requires corroboration. It is a claim of how it works a relationship between two or more variables.
The researcher hypothesizes to predict what is going on or what is expected to occur.
A hypothesis
• must be clear and comprehensive.
• must express the direct relationship between the involved variables.
• must be objective.
• must be testeable and falsifiable
Controlled variables are those that need to be kept constant during the experiment to avoid their effect on the results. These variables are the same in the control and all the experimental groups, so they can not influence the results.
In the exposed example,
Question ⇒ how does the amount of water given to these plants each day affect how tall the plants grow?
1) Hypothesis ⇒ If the plant receives the same amount of water every day, it will grow taller than plants that receive different daily amounts of water.
2) Controlled variables ⇒ soil pH, temperature, light exposure
3) Measurement tool ⇒ millimeter ruler
This tool is useful to measure the change in tall plants daily. Being millimetric helps the researcher get a more accurate measure of the plant changes in height during the whole experiment.
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HELP PLEASE
Does protein for fur have more energy than collagen?
If so come up with a hypothesis as to why it takes more energy to form some proteins than others.
Yes, Does protein for fur have more energy than collagen. The hypothesis as to why it takes more energy to form some proteins than others is that doing more work requires more energy from your body, that results in increased calorie burn.
How much energy does whey protein provide?One of the most often utilized proteins is whey protein, which is ideal for daily use. It is easily digestible and includes all nine necessary amino acids. It can lower stress levels and increase energy.
Note that Fur proteins are widespread transcriptional controllers that were once thought to be solely responsible for maintaining iron homeostasis in most prokaryotes. They utilize ferrous iron as a co-regulator by binding to specific sequences (Fur boxes) found in the upstream promoter region of the iron sensitive genes (Fillat 2014).
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13. The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter cannot be created or destroyed
but transferred. This law was proven by the scientist Antoine Lavoisier, who heated
various substances and documented quantitative relationships. His observations proved
that the mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the product in a chemical reaction.
Justify (give good reason) why Lavoisier's conclusions were considered a law instead of a
theory,
A. Lavoisier attempted to explain the results of his experiments.
B. Lavoisier provided sufficient empirical evidence to support his claim..
Lavoisier provided an explanation of an observed phenomena in nature.
D. Lavoisier applied the results of one experiment to explain a wide variety of
circumstances.
Lavoisier's conclusions were considered a law instead of a theory, because Lavoisier provided sufficient empirical evidence to support his claim
What is Lavoisier law ?In his tests, Lavoisier tried to show that his theory according to which matter is never generated nor destroyed in chemical reactions was true.
The knowledge of finance, biology, chemistry, and economics that Antoine Lavoisier possessed was well known. He recognised oxygen and articulated the law of conservation of mass in 1778. He detected hydrogen, developed the metric system, and changed element nomenclature in 1783.He rightly inferred that water wasn't an element but rather a combination of oxygen and combustible air, or hydrogen as it is today known. Lavoisier used the breakdown of water into oxygen and combustible air to prove his point.Learn more about Lavoisier law here:
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MItosis:
Takes one cell and replicates it into two genetically identical cells.
Takes one cell and replicates it into two genetically unique cells.
Takes two cells, one from each parent, and replicate it into four genetically unique cells.
Takes one cell and replicates it into four cells, each with half of the original cell's genetic information.
Answer: hope this helps have a wonderful day
the answers are adcdbcbcacdbc
Explanation: written questions
1. Raul has scraped his knee and noticed that after a week it had almost completely healed. Raul wondered how the skin was able to repair itself while looking exactly the same as his non-injured skin. In 3-5 sentences explain how mitosis plays a role in healing skin after injury and is able to maintain the look of the existing, non-injured skin
Injured skin produces C-rays that allow for skin to knit itself back together. These C-rays are always present in cells, but are only activated during mitosis by injured skin. This is why there is sometimes scarring left after injury, as the C-rays are not activated as much as healing occurs.
2. In three to five sentences, explain the advantage of keeping some DNA needed by mitochondria in the cell’s nucleus and some in the mitochondria itself.
Mitochondrial DNA is the small circular chromosome present inside the cell organelle called mitochondria used for energy production. This type of DNA passes from the mother to the offspring. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has several advantages over nuclear DNA (nDNA):for species identification purposes including a higher copy number a lack of sequence ambiguities from heterozygous genotypes .a faster rate of mutation
3. In 3–5 sentences, construct a summary of the process of gene expression, starting with DNA and ending with proteins
The process of gene expression starts with the transcription of the genetic information in the DNA into genetic codes in the form of messenger RNA.
The messenger RNA then undergoes some processing such as modification of tails and removal of non-coding sequence before the genetic codes are translated to their respective amino acids in a process known as translation.
The amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds and the resulting primary protein structure is folded in specific ways depending on their functions.
Mitosis takes one cell and replicates it into two genetically identical cells. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
What is Mitosis?Mitosis may be defined as a type of cell division through which each parental cell is typically divided into two daughter cells. These daughter cells are genetically identical to the parental cell and are mostly diploid in nature.
On contrary, meiosis is another type of cell division in which each parental cell is divided into four daughter cells which are genetically unique to the parental cell. These daughter cells are haploid in nature. This type of division is known as reductional division. It occurs in the germ cells of organisms.
Therefore, mitosis takes one cell and replicates it into two genetically identical cells. Thus, the correct option for this question is A.
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What 3 organelles are involved in energy capture?
Explanation:
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Golgi bodies
Answer:
Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" of the cell, breaking down fuel molecules and capturing energy in cellular respiration. Chloroplasts are found in plants and algae.
Explanation:
Gavin has just woken up with a sudden fever that has spiked and has developed a rash in the last 24
hours that has turned into blisters that burst easily when touched. A sample was taken and sent off for
microbiological studies and grew a gram positive cocci, catalase positive, coagulase positive. What is the
name of this disease? What is the causative agent?
Gram-positive cocci, catalase positive, and coagulase positive is due to Staphylococcus aureus, which is the bacterium that causes bacterial tracheitis.
What is bacterial tracheitis?Bacterial tracheitis is a bacterial disease associated with pneumonia which is caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and it has as its main symptom a high fever as well as difficulty for breathing, thereby it should be immediately treated in clinical settings.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that bacterial tracheitis is a life treating disease caused by the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and it is associated with high fever symptoms.
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A. vascular tissue
B. ground tissue
C. nervous tissue
D. dermal tissue
Which of the
following is NOT a
tissue you would
find in a plant?
C
Nervous tissue is not found in plant instead they have some different system to respond to stimuli.
Biologists are aware that there are additional ways to process information in addition to our neurological systems and those of other animals, including fish. Plants can react to stimuli despite not having neural systems. For instance, when an aphid bites a leaf, the plant responds by sending an electrical signal from leaf to leaf instructing it to begin defending itself.
However, it's crucial to remember that a plant does not necessarily feel pain when it reacts to injury.
Plants lack nociceptors, the particular receptor types that are hardwired to respond to pain, in contrast to humans and other animals. They naturally lack the brains essential to convert such sensations into actual experiences since they also lack brains.
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A giant redwood tree captures sunlight with its leaves and uses that energy to create sugars to fuel cellular p Which characteristic of life does this trait best represent? O metabolism O response O growth and development O cellular organiz
Answer:
photosynthesis
explain the role of every organization and media in contagion movie ?
Users commonly expressed unpleasant sentiments on social media platforms and shared those emotions.
What are social networking sites used for?The term "social media" refers to online platforms that enable people to share, create, and/or exchange knowledge and ideas with one another. In charge of managing is the Office of Communications und Marketing.
What is the function of social media?Social media is used by billions of people to communicate and exchange information on a global scale. Social media allows you to connect with loved ones, learn new things, pursue your interests, and find enjoyment for yourself.
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Describe two ways that reproduction is different between mosses and conifers. Discuss the process and the product.
Which of the following was most likely responsible for the fact that organic molecules no longer spontaneously form on Earth?
The amount of UV radiation increased.
The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere increased.
Water accumulated in the oceans.
Earth's surface temperature warmed.
Answer: The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere increased.
41) Which of the following processes happens
during meiosis I?
A) Homologous chromosomes of a pair are
separated from each other.
B) The chromosome number per cell is conserved.
C) Sister chromatids are separated.
D) Four daughter cells are formed.
In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other. Option A.
What is meiosis?Meiosis is otherwise known as the division of sex cells or reductional division. It is a division in which diploid cells divide to produce haploid cells.
Meiosis occurs in 2 main stages:
Meiosis IMeiosis IIMeiosis I consists of prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, and telophase I. Meiosis II, on the other hand, consists of prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II.
At the prophase I stage of meiosis I, chromatin materials thicken to form threads and homologous chromosomes pair up to form a tetrad. Non-sister chromatids then go ahead to exchange chromosomal segments in a process known as crossing over.
At metaphase I, paired homologous chromosomes line up at the center of the cell to form a metaphase plate. Spindle fibers engage each tetrad.
At anaphase I, homologous chromosomes of a pair are pulled apart by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Their journey to the poles is completed at telophase I. This effectively ends the journey of meiosis I before the cell proceeds to meiosis II.
In other words, the separation of homologous chromosomes of a pair happens during meiosis I.
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Calculate allele frequencies in 5th generation. Record in Lab Data
Calculate genotype frequencies and number of moths in 5th generation. Record in Lab Data
Allelic frequencies ⇒ q = 0.9, p = 0.1. Genotypic frequencies ⇒ q² = 0.81, 2pq = 0.18, p² = 0.01. Number of individuals with each genotype ⇒ homozygous recessive = 850.5 individuals. Heterozygous = 189 individuals. Homozygous dominant = 10.5 individuals.
To answer this question, we will assume this moth population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
What is the Hardy-Weinber equilibrium?
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a theory that proposes that when populations are in equilibrium they are not evolving. And if populations are not evolving, their allelic and genotypic frequencies remain the same generation after generation.
Assuming diallelic genes code for a particular feature,
Allelic frequency
f(X) ⇒ p ⇒ frequency of the dominant allelef(x) ⇒ q ⇒ frequency of the recessive alleleGenotypic frequencies
F(XX) ⇒ p² ⇒ homozygous dominant frequencyF(Xx) ⇒ 2pq ⇒ heterozygous frequencyF(xx) ⇒ q² ⇒ homozygous recessive frequencyIn populations that are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the addition of allelic and genotypic frequencies will always equal 1.
p + q = 1p² + 2pq + q² = 1Now, we will use this framework to get the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the 5th generation.
We know that,
1000 moths were released in a forest (N = 1000). 250 were white (Typica), and 750 were black (Carbonaria).A diallelic gene codes for color. The dominant allele -D- codes for black (carbonaria), and the recessive allele -d- codes for white (Typica).Once released, these individuals produced five new generations, G1, G2, G3, G4, G5.G5 is composed of 851 white individuals (typica) and 199 dark individuals (carbonaria). The total number of individuals is 199 + 851 = 1050.1) Phenotype frequencies
Now that we have the number of individuals expressing each color and the total number of individuals, we can get the phenotypic frequencies.
To calculate them we just need to divide the number of individuals with each phenotype by the total number of individuals in this generation. So,
Total number of individuals in G5 → 1050White = Typica = 851 individualsBlack = Carbonaria = 199 individuals⇒ F(Typica) = 851 / 1050 = 0.81
⇒ F(Carbonaria) = 199 / 1050 = 0.189 ≅ 0.19
Notice that these frequencies were already given in the Phenotype Frequency table.
2) Allelic Frequencies
Now, we will use the phenotypic frequencies to get the allelic frequencies.
Carbonaria (black) is the dominant phenotype, so it includes homozygous dominant individuals (DD) and heterozygous individuals (Dd). We can not get the allelic frequencies from this data.
So, to get the allelic frequencies we will use the recessive phenotypic frequency because it only includes homozygous recessive individuals, dd.
Homozygous recessive Gentoypic frequency = Recessive Phenotypic frequencyGenotypic frequency → F(dd) → Represented as q²F(Typica) = F(dd) = q² = 0.81Recessive allele → dRecessive allelic frequency → f(d) → Represented as qf(d) = q = ??
q² = 0.81
q = √ 0.81
q = 0.9
0.9 is the recessive allelic frequency.
With this data we will calculate the dominant allelic frequency. To do this, we will clear the following formula,
p + q = 1
p + 0.9 = 1
p = 1 - 0.9
p = 0.1
So, now we also know that
⇒ f(D) = p = 0.1
⇒ f(d) = q = 0.9
3) Genotypic Frequencies
Now, we need to get the genotypic frequencies, F(xx)
⇒ F(DD) = p² = 0.1² = 0.01
⇒ F(Dd) = 2pq = 2 x 0.9 x 0.1 = 0.18
⇒ F(dd) = q² = 0.9² = 0.81
4) Number of individuals
Finally, we need to tell the number of individuals with each genotype. We just need to multiply each frequency by the total number of individuals in G5.
F(DD) = p² = 0.01F(Dd) = 2pq = 0.18F(dd) = q² = 0.81Total number of individuals = 1050
⇒ DD Black -Carbonaria- individuals → 0.01 x 1050 = 10.5
⇒ Dd Black -Carbonaria- individuals → 0.18 x 1050 = 189
⇒ dd White -Typica- individuals → 0.81 x 1050 = 850.5
From this results, we can conclude that the moths population is not in H-W equilibrium, because their allelic and genotypic frequencies changed through generations.
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can someone please help my plant i have no idea what’s wrong with it
Plants can help you figure out what the problem is. Get the correct diagnosis and come up with a treatment plan to cure the plant. Light Meter Find plants that fit in every corner of your home! Some prefer shade others like the sun on their leaves. There are many reasons for sudden plant death, including gopher damage, microscopic nematodes that attack plant roots, and over-fertilization.
In most cases, the cause is simply too much or too little water. You've spent more money than it's worth on a normal plant. It's too late in the season for the withered plant to recover. Plants have no sentimental value or can be exchanged. You can use it to identify camera images and get detailed information about landmarks places plants, animals products, and other objects. You can also scan the text and have it automatically translated.
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Explain how viruses, over time and evolution, have actually made cells stronger and better.
Viruses have actually made cells stronger and better because of "internal arms race" it forces the cell to adapt and change to first the virus.
Viruses in all likelihood play a minor position withinside the switch of mobile genes among lineages. Novel viral genes constantly arose in replicating viral genomes withinside the virocell. Integration of viral genes lets in mobile organisms to discover new evolutionary paths.
They do now no longer comprise any cellular organelle like mitochondria, ribosome etc. Viruses are alive best till they're interior their host cellular.
They are taken into consideration to act useless while out of doors the host cellular. Hence, Viruses are an exception to cellular theory.
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How do the digestive tracts of the Nematode and Earthworm differ?
Answer:
Unlike the flatworms in which food and waste enter and exit from the same opening, nematodes have a complete digestive system. An animal with a complete digestive system has a mouth at one end, a long tube with specialized parts in the middle, and an anus at the other end.
Explanation:
In the lungs of birds, where does gas exchange occur?
A. Across thin parenchymal cells in the alveoli
B. In the alveolar sacs
C. Across a thin network of bronchioles and blood vessels
D. Inside of the air sacs
Habitat fragmentation is
caused by...
A.
overpopulation.
B. moving a species of animal to a different habitat.
C, oil spill from a boat in the ocean.
D. pieces of a habitat being divided.
Habitat fragmentation is caused by moving a species of animal to a different habitat. Option B.
Fragmentation occurs when part of a habitat is destroyed leaving a small unconnected area. It can occur naturally as a result of fires or volcanic eruptions but is usually due to human activity. A simple example is building a road through a forest.
Habitat fragmentation is defined as the process by which large habitats are transformed into a series of small patches of smaller total area separated by a habitat matrix distinct from the original habitat. Forest fragmentation can be caused by natural causes, such as lava flows and other natural disasters, or by anthropogenic causes, such as the conversion of forests to agricultural land or the development of infrastructure in protected areas.
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Answer:
b) moving a species of animal to a different habitat.
Explanation:
Habitat fragmentation is caused by moving a species of animal to a different habitat. Hence, the option (b) is correct.
what happens when you smell chlorine with bleach explain
Answer: Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath.
Explanation: Bleach and chlorine are dangerous chemicals and they also smell bad. When you inhale both of them at the same time it can knock you out. With all the chemicals the human body cannot control that and as a result your body doesn't know what to do. This can lead to you getting temporary/permanently injured.
The main characteristic of the first stage of photosynthesis is
A the production of hydrogen and energy
B the production of hydrogen and glucose
C the release of oxygen and carbon dioxide
D the storage of glucose in the plant's cells
Answer:
The answer to the following would be A the production of hydrogen and energy.
Have a nice day!^^
Explanation:
Which of these is a form of CHEMICAL
energy produced during the light
reaction of photosynthesis?
A. ATP this answer
B. DNA
C. RNA
ATP is a form of CHEMICAL energy produced during the light reaction of photosynthesis.
The correct option is A.
Briefing:All told, these processes convert solar energy into chemical energy, which is represented by ATP and NADPH. ATP and NADPH from of the light-dependent activities are used in the Calvin cycle, the final stage of photosynthesis, to make sugars.
What is photosynthesis ?Photosynthesis is the process through which plants turn carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into oxygen and sugar-based energy.
What makes photosynthesis so important?Sunlight is converted into chemical energy by photosynthesis, which is then conserved for later use. The biological systems on the planet largely receive energy from this method.
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Which of the following is at the root cause for all cancers?
A.) Obesity
B.) A breakdown of the cell division process
C.) antibiotic resistance
D.) The normal cell division process
Answer:
B
Explanation:
if the cell cycle during meiosis is impaired, it will rapidly produce cells(w cell division) that cannot be controlled anddddd it'll soon become cancer
The diagram shows the structure of an organic molecule. A student
identifies the molecule as DNA. Does the student identify the
molecule correctly?
-phosphorus
-pentose
sugar
nucleoside
G
U
C
_nitrogenous
base
OYes. It is a single stranded molecule.
O No. It contains a five-carbon sugar.
No. It contains the nitrogenous base uracil.
OYes. It has a sugar-phosphate backbone.
Answer: No. It contains the nitrogenous base uracil
Explanation:
DNA does not contain Uracil. Uracil is used by RNA in place of Thymine.
tRNA has an _____ at one end that compliments the mRNA codon and an _____ at the other end.
Answer:
tRNA has an anticodon at one end that compliments the mRNA codon and an attachment site to a specific amino acid that corresponds to the anticodon sequence at the other end.
From a+b-2c take 3a+2b-4c
The value of the equation illustrated as a+b-2c take 3a+2b-4c is 2c - b.
What is an equation?An equation is the statement that illustrates the variables given. In this case, two or more components are taken into consideration to describe the scenario. It is vital to note that an equation is a mathematical statement which is made up of two expressions that are connected by an equal sign.
Based on the information, from a+b-2c we are to take away a+2b-4c.
This will be illustrated this:
(a + b - 2c) - (a+2b-4c)
Collect like terms
a + b - 2c - a - 2b + 4c
a - a + b - 2b - 2c + 4c
-b + 2c
= 2c - b
The value is 2c - b.
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Complete question
From a+b-2c take away a+2b-4c
What is the name of the
root-like structure that
bryophytes use to absorb
water and nutrients?
A. branches
B. root hairs
C. tubers
D. rhizoids this
Answer:
D. rhizoids
Explanation:
Content Questions
1 According to the story, an
electrical circult is also called
A a circle
Ba wire
C a conductor
D a loop
Answer: It is a wire
Explanation:
Based on its anatomy, infer which animal requires more energy: an Earthworm or a Salamander? Justify your answer.
Based on its anatomy, the animal that requires more energy is the Salamander. This is because it has a more complex anatomy and physiological structure.
Why do living organisms require energy?Living organisms require energy because they have to perform metabolic activities for proper and ideal survival of organisms. Such organisms use numerous strategies in order to accomplish the task.
An earthworm delivers energy from the environment more easily than compared to salamanders. This is because they extract food energy from decaying organic matter like plants and animals that have died.
On the other hand, Salamanders deliver energy by consuming small insects and other tiny living entities. It uses a mechanism more similar to human beings.
Therefore, the animal that requires more energy is the Salamander. This is because it has a more complex anatomy and physiological structure.
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