Evaluate the double integral ∬Ry2x2+y2dA, where R is the region that lies between the circles x2+y2=16 and x2+y2=121, by changing to polar coordinates.
Answers
Answer:
See answer and graph below
Step-by-step explanation:
∬Ry2x2+y2dA
=∫Ry.2x.2+y.2dA
=A(2y+4Ryx)+c
=∫Ry.2x.2+y.2dA
Integral of a constant ∫pdx=px
=(2x+2.2Ryx)A
=A(2y+4Ryx)
=A(2y+4Ryx)+c
The graph of y=A(2y+4Ryx)+c assuming A=1 and c=2
The evaluation of the double integral is [tex]\mathbf{ \dfrac{105}{2}\pi }[/tex]
The double integral [tex]\mathbf{\int \int _R\ \dfrac{y^2}{x^2+y^2} \ dA}[/tex], where R is the region that lies between
the circles [tex]\mathbf{x^2 +y^2 = 16 \ and \ x^2 + y^2 = 121}[/tex].
Let consider x = rcosθ and y = rsinθ because x² + y² = r²;
Now, the double integral can be written in polar coordinates as:
[tex]\mathbf{\implies \int \int _R\ \dfrac{y^2}{x^2+y^2} \ dxdy}[/tex]
[tex]\mathbf{\implies \int \int _R\ \dfrac{r^2 \ sin^2 \theta}{r^2} \ rdrd\theta}[/tex]
[tex]\mathbf{\implies \int \int _R\ \ sin^2 \theta \ r \ drd\theta}[/tex]
Thus, the integral becomes:
[tex]\mathbf{=\int^{2 \pi}_{0} sin^2 \theta d\theta \int ^{11}_{4} rdr }[/tex]
since 2sin² = 1 - cos2θ∴
[tex]\mathbf{=\int^{2 \pi}_{0} \dfrac{1-cos 2 \theta }{2} \ \theta \ d\theta\dfrac{r}{2} \Big|^{11}_{4}dr }[/tex]
[tex]\mathbf{\implies \dfrac{1}{2} \Big[\theta - \dfrac{sin \ 2 \theta}{2}\Big]^{2 \pi}_{0} \ \times\Big[ \dfrac{11^2-4^2}{2}\Big]}[/tex]
[tex]\mathbf{\implies \dfrac{\pi}{2} \times\Big[ 121-16\Big]}[/tex]
[tex]\mathbf{\implies \dfrac{105}{2}\pi }[/tex]
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Related Questions
The points (0,3) and (1,12) are solutions of an exponential function. What is the equation of the exponential function?
Answers
Answer:
[tex]f(x) =3\,*\,\,4^x[/tex]
Step-by-step explanation:
to find the equation of an exponential function, just points on the function's graph are needed.
Recall that the exponential function has a general expression given by:
[tex]f(x) = a \,e^{b\,x}[/tex]
so we impose the condition for the function going through the first point (0,3) as:
[tex]f(0) = a \,e^{b\,(0)}= 3\\a\,e^0=3\\a\,(1)=3\\a = 3[/tex]
Now,knowing the parameter a, we can find the parameter b using the other point:
[tex]f(1) = 3 \,e^{b\,x}= 12\\3\,e^{b\,(1)}=12\\e^b=12/3\\e^b=4\\b=ln(4)[/tex]
Therefore, the function can be written as:
[tex]f(x) = 3 \,e^{ln(4)\,x}=3\,\,\,4^x[/tex]
Answer:
C)
h(x) = 3(4)x
What is the area of the right triangle with sides 10,26 and 24
Answers
Area = 120
Step-by-step explanation:
Area = 1/2 bh
Area = 1/2 (10)(24)
Area = 1/2 (240)
Area = 120
The area of the right triangle is 120
Answer:
[tex]\boxed {\boxed {\sf 120 \ units^2}}[/tex]
Step-by-step explanation:
We are asked to find the area of a triangle. The formula for calculating this is:
[tex]a= \frac{1}{2} bh[/tex]
This is a right triangle, so the base and height are the legs of the triangle. The 2 smallest sides are the legs because the longest side is the hypotenuse. Since the side lengths are 10, 26, and 24, the base and height must be 10 units and 24 units.
b= 10 unitsh= 24 unitsSubstitute these values into the formula.
[tex]a= \frac{ 1}{2} ( 10 \ units)(24 \ units)[/tex]
Multiply the numbers in parentheses.
[tex]a= \frac{1}{2}(240 \ units^2)[/tex]
Multiply by 1/2 or divide by 2.
[tex]a= 120 \ units^2[/tex]
The area of the triangle is 120 units squared.
can someone help me answer this??
Answers
Answer:
hkkr
need school the long said
Answer:
That would indicate 20.0 ml
id appreciate a rating thanks XP
Two samples from the same population both have M = 84 and s2 = 20, but one sample has n = 10 and the other has n = 20 scores. Both samples are used to evaluate a hypothesis stating that μ = 80 and to compute Cohen’s d. How will the outcomes for the two samples compare?
Answers
Complete Question
Two samples from the same population both have M = 84 and s2 = 20, but one sample has n = 10 and the other has n = 20 scores. Both samples are used to evaluate a hypothesis stating that μ = 80 and to compute Cohen’s d. How will the outcomes for the two samples compare?
a.
The larger sample is more likely to reject the hypothesis and will produce a larger value for Cohen’s d.
b.
The larger sample is more likely to reject the hypothesis, but the two samples will have the same value for Cohen’s d.
c.
The larger sample is less likely to reject the hypothesis and will produce a larger value for Cohen’s d.
d.
The larger sample is less likely to reject the hypothesis, but the two samples will have the same value for Cohen’s d.
Answer:
The Cohen's d value is [tex]d = 0.895[/tex]
The correct option is b
Step-by-step explanation:
From the question we are told that
The sample mean of each population is [tex]M = 84[/tex]
The variance of each population is [tex]s^2 = 20[/tex]
The first sample size is [tex]n_1 = 10[/tex]
The second sample size is [tex]n_2 = 20[/tex]
The null hypothesis is [tex]H_o : \mu = 80[/tex]
Generally the standard deviation is mathematically evaluated as
[tex]s = \sqrt{20 }[/tex]
=> [tex]s = 4.47[/tex]
The first test statistics is evaluated as
[tex]t_1 = \frac{M - \mu }{ \frac{\sigma }{ \sqrt{n_1} } }[/tex]
=> [tex]t_1 = \frac{84 - 80 }{ \frac{4.47 }{ \sqrt{10} } }[/tex]
=> [tex]t_1 = 2.8298[/tex]
The second test statistics is evaluated as
[tex]t_2 = \frac{M - \mu }{ \frac{\sigma }{ \sqrt{n_2} } }[/tex]
=> [tex]t_2 = \frac{84 - 80 }{ \frac{4.47 }{ \sqrt{20} } }[/tex]
=> [tex]t_2 = 4.0[/tex]
The sample with the larger test statistics (sample size) will more likely reject the null hypothesis
Generally the Cohen's d value is mathematically evaluated as
[tex]d = \frac{M - \mu }{s }[/tex]
=> [tex]d = \frac{ 84 - 80 }{4.47 }[/tex]
=> [tex]d = 0.895[/tex]
Given that the the sample mean and sample size are the same for both sample the Cohen's d value will be the same
What are the zeros of the quadratic function represented by this graph?
У
A
6
2
X
-6
- 2
6
2-
-6-
A.
1 and 3
OB.
-3 and -1
C.
-3 and 1
D. -1 and 3
Answers
Look where the parabola crosses the x axis. This is where the x intercepts are located. The term "x intercept" is the same as "root" and also the term "zero".
Which of the following is the correct set notation for the set of perfect squares between 1 and 100 (including 1 and 100)?
Select the correct answer below:
{p2∣p∈ℤ and 1≤p≤10}
{p2∣p∈ℤ and 1
{p2∣p∈ℝ and 1≤p≤10}
{p2∣p∈ℤ and 1
Answers
Answer:
[tex]\{P^2: P\ E\ Z\ and\ 1\leq p\leq 10\}[/tex]
Step-by-step explanation:
Given
Range: = 1 to 100 (Inclusive)
Required
Determine the notation that represents the perfect square in the given range
Represent the range with P
P = 1 to 100
Such that the perfect squares will be P² and integers
In set notation, integers are represented with Z
The set notation becomes
[tex]\{P^2: P\ E\ Z\ and\ 1\leq p\leq 10\}[/tex]
The [tex]\leq[/tex] shows that 1 and 100 are inclusive of the set
Solve x/5 - 1/2 = x/6 (make sure to type the number only)
Answers
X/5 -1/2 = x/6
Find the least common denominator of the 3 denominators:5,2,6
The limited is 30
Multiply all 3 fractions by 30:
6x -15 = 5x
Subtract 6x from both sides:
-15 = -x
Multiply both sides by -1:
X = 15
4 + 1n(x-1)=3 solve for x
Answers
[tex]\\ \sf \longmapsto 4+10(x-1)=3[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf \longmapsto 4+10x-10=3[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf \longmapsto 10x-6=3[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf \longmapsto 10x=3+6[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf \longmapsto 10x=9[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf \longmapsto x=\dfrac{9}{10}[/tex]
For a certain casino slot machine, the odds in favor of a win are given as 17 to 83. Express the indicated degree of likelihood as a probability value between 0 and 1 inclusive.
Answers
Step-by-step explanation:
83P (E)=17-17P (E),
P (E)=17/100=0.17
The graph below shows the quadratic function f, and the table below shows the quadratic function g.
x -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
g(x) 13 8 5 4 5 8 13
Which statement is true?
A.
The functions f and g have the same axis of symmetry and the same y-intercept.
B.
The functions f and g have different axes of symmetry and different y-intercepts.
C.
The functions f and g have the same axis of symmetry, and the y-intercept of f is greater than the y-intercept of g.
D.
The functions f and g have the same axis of symmetry, and the y-intercept of f is less than the y-intercept of g.
Answers
Answer:
D
Step-by-step explanation:
The true statement is:
The functions f and g have the same axis of symmetry, and the y-intercept of f is greater than the y-intercept of g.
What is Function?A mathematical phrase, rule, or law that establishes the link between an independent variable and a dependent variable (the dependent variable). In mathematics, functions exist everywhere, and they are crucial for constructing physical links in the sciences.
As, per the graph and table is:
From the graph of f(x):
Axis of symmetry will be at x = 2
The maximum value of f(x) = 10
From the table of g(x):
Axis of symmetry will be at x = 2
The minimum value of g(x) = 4
thus, The functions f and g have the same axis of symmetry, and the y-intercept of f is greater than the y-intercept of g.
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A grocery store sells apples in bags. Each bag weighs 3/5 of a pound. Alberto's mother buys 6 pounds of apples to make applesauce. How many bags of apples does she buy?
Answers
Answer:
10
Step-by-step explanation:
these are small bags (just as comment), so in real life the cost of using bags would add significantly to the price of the apples.
anyway, so we need to find how many units of 3/5 pounds do we need to get 6 pounds ?
3/5 × x = 6
3 × x = 30
x = 10
she buys 10 bags to get 6 pounds.
What happens during a controlled experiment?
No observations are made.
A factor called a prediction is changed.
Many variables are changed at once.
The results of changing the independent variable are observed
Answers
Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
The answer is that 1 variable is allowed to change. The others are held at a constant.
An example would be the growth of a poinsettia. These Christmas plants are very touchy. They respond badly to too much water or not enough water. So you keep the amount of dirt, the amount of sunlight, the amount of support that each plant receives as a constant.
The amount of water is what you change in one of the plants. The one plant (or a few) will measure the growth of the plant.
So the last answer is the one you want.
Put 0.9,0.1038,0.10299,0.1037 in order from least to greatest
Answers
Answer: 0.10299,0.1037 ,0.1038 ,0.9
Step-by-step explanation:
In all the numbers we could see that 0.9 is the greatest because it has the greatest tenth value. The rest three have the same tenth value which is one and the same hundredth value which is 0 so we will compare the numbers using their thousandth values.
In the numbers 0.1038,0.10299, 0.1037 The first one has a thousandth value of 3, the second one has a thousandth value of 2, and the third one has a thousandth value of 3. Which means the first and the second have the same thousandths value so using their last numbers which is 8 and 7 , 8 is greater than 7 so 0.1038 is greater than 0.1037 and 0.10299. The same way 0.1037 is greater than 0.10299.
So to order them from least to greatest,
0.10299 will be first
0.1037 will be second
0.1038 will be the third
0.9 will be the last.
Peter saved up $20,000 in an account earning a nominal 5% per year compounded continuously. How much was in the account at the end of two years? Round the answer to nearest dollar.
Answers
Answer: 22,103
Step-by-step explanation:
Compound interest is the interest calculated on the initial principal and the accumulated interest.
The amount in the account at the end of two years is $22,050.
What is compound interest?Compound interest is the interest calculated on the initial principal and the accumulated interest.
We have,
Principal = $20,000
Rate = r = 5%
It is compounded yearly.
Time = t = 2 years.
The formula for the amount having compound interest:
A = P [tex]( 1 + \frac{r}{n} )^{nt}[/tex]
A = 20,000 [tex](1 + \frac{5}{100\times1})^{2\times1}[/tex]
A = 20,000 ( 1 + 5/100 )²
A = 20,000 ( 105/100 )²
A = (20,000 x 105 x 105) / (100 x 100)
A = 2 x 105 x 105
A = $22,050
Thus the amount in the account at the end of two years is $22,050.
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The diameter, D, of a sphere is 7.8mm. Calculate the sphere's volume, V.
Use the Value 3.15 for pie.
Answers
Answer:
249.14 mm³
Step-by-step explanation:
r = diameter/2
= 7.8 /2
volume = 4/3 π r³
= 4/3 * 3.15 * (7.8/2)³
= 249.14 mm³
Assume that blood pressure readings are normally distributed with a mean of 117and a standard deviation of 6.4.If 64people are randomly selected, find the probability that their mean blood pressure will be less than 119.Round to four decimal places.
Answers
Answer:
0.9938
Step-by-step explanation:
We can find this probability using a test statistic.
The test statistic to use is the z-scores
Mathematically;
z-score = (x-mean)/SD/√n
from the question, x = 119 , mean = 117 , SD = 6.4 and n = 64
Plugging these values in the z-score equation above, we have;
z-score = (119-117)/6.4/√64
z-score = 2/6.4/8
z-score = 2.5
The probability we want to find is;
P(z < 2.5)
we can get this value from the standard normal distribution table
Thus; P(z < 2.5) = 0.99379
Which to four decimal places = 0.9938
When conducting a hypothesis test concerning the population mean, and the population standard deviation is unknown, the value of the test statistic is calculated as __________.
Answers
Answer:
the value of the test statistic is calculated as "T - distribution" with the formula;
t = (x-bar - μ)/(s/√n)
Step-by-step explanation:
We are told that the standard deviation is unknown. But normally, we use a z-distribution if the standard deviation is known.
However, in a hypothesis test for a population mean where the population standard deviation is unknown is still conducted in the same way like we do when we know the population standard deviation. The only difference in this case is that we will use the t-distribution rather than the standard normal z-distribution.
The t-distribution formula used is;
t = (x-bar - μ)/(s/√n)
The height of the plant is given by the equation h = 0.5d + 4. Rewrite this as a function rule where f(x) is the height, in centimeters, and x is the time, in days. Use the rule to complete the table, and then use the drawing tools to create the graph representing this relationship.
Answers
Answer:
Here's what I get
Step-by-step explanation:
h = 0.5d + 4
A function rule tells you how to convert an input value (x) into an output value (y).
Your function rule is
ƒ(x) = 0.5x + 4
An easy way to represent your function is to make a graph.
The easiest way to make a graph is to make a table containing some inputs and their corresponding outputs.
Here's a typical table.
[tex]\begin{array}{cc}\textbf{x} &\textbf{y} \\0 & 4 \\2 & 5 \\4 & 6 \\6 & 7\\6 & 8 \\\end{array}[/tex]
The graph is like the one below.
Please answer this correctly without making mistakes
Answers
Answer:
2 13/15 miles
Step-by-step explanation:
Hey there!
Well first we need to find the distance between Lancaster and Hillsdale and Lancaster to Silvergrove.
9 + 7 13/15
= 16 13/15
LS is just 14 miles.
Now we can do,
16 13/15 - 14
= 2 13/15 miles
Hope this helps :)
As a bowling instructor, you calculate your students' averages during tournaments. In 5 games, one bowler had the following scores: 143, 156, 172, 133, and 167. What was that bowler's average?
Answers
Answer:
154.2
Step-by-step explanation:
To find the average of the bowlers scores, you have to find the mean by adding the values and dividing by the number of values.
To find the bowlers average add the scores and divide by the number of games.
143+156+172+133+167/5=154.2 is the average score for the bowler.
PLEASE ANSWER ASAP!!!
Equation in the picture
Solve for r in the equation in the picture. You must use the LCD (Least Common Denominator) to simplify. You can also use cross products to solve.
Must show work
A. r = 19
B. r = 21
C. r = 25
D. r = 30
any unrelated answer will be reported
Answers
Answer:
r = 19
Step-by-step explanation:
( r-5) /2 = ( r+2) /3
The least common denominator is 6
3/3 *( r-5) /2 = ( r+2) /3 * 2/2
3( r-5) /6 = 2( r+2) /6
Since the denominators are the same, the numerators are the same
3( r-5) = 2(r+2)
Distribute
3r -15 = 2r+4
Subtract 2r from each side
3r-2r -15 = 2r+4-2r
r-15 =4
Add 15 to each side
r-15+15 = 4+15
r = 19
The domain of the following relation has how many elements?
[(1/2, 3.14/6), (1/2, 3.14/4), (1/2, 3.14/3), (1/2,3.14/2)]
a. 0
b. 1
c. 4
Answers
Answer:
b. 1
Step-by-step explanation:
All first coordinates are 1/2.
Answer: b. 1
so, sunny is 16 he is 132 pounds
the song my time lasts 3:33 and sunny is falling for an entire 3 minutes
the gravitational pull which is pulling sunny back down to the ground is about 10m/s²
we have the new height of the hospital, is 49312,674 meters, or 161.787 feet
upon theory, sunny died upon coming to contact with the ground if you fall head first from 100 feet you're bound to die
you can break just your legs from falling from atleast 16-18 feet so imagine that
??????
Answers
plzzz help me quick will give goood rate
Answers
Answer:
Average rate of change of the function will be = (-1.5)
Step-by-step explanation:
Average rate of change of a function f(x) is determined by the formula,
Average rate of change = [tex]\frac{f(b)-f(a)}{b-a}[/tex] If a < x < b
We have to find the average rate of change of a function g(t) between the interval [-3, 1]
From the given table,
For t = -3,
g(-3) = 6
For t = 1,
g(1) = 0
Therefore, average rate of change of the function in the given interval
= [tex]\frac{g(1)-g(-3)}{1-(-3)}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{0-6}{1+3}[/tex]
= [tex]-\frac{3}{2}[/tex]
= - 1.5
Subsets and Sets HELP
Attached is the photo reference
Answers
Answer:
(a) (C U D) = {k, m, y, z}
(b) C ∩ D = {z}
Carolyn and Paul are playing a game starting with a list of the integers $1$ to $n.$ The rules of the game are: $\bullet$ Carolyn always has the first turn. $\bullet$ Carolyn and Paul alternate turns. $\bullet$ On each of her turns, Carolyn must remove one number from the list such that this number has at least one positive divisor other than itself remaining in the list. $\bullet$ On each of his turns, Paul must remove from the list all of the positive divisors of the number that Carolyn has just removed. $\bullet$ If Carolyn cannot remove any more numbers, then Paul removes the rest of the numbers. For example, if $n=6,$ a possible sequence of moves is shown in this chart: \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|} \hline Player & Removed \# & \# remaining \\ \hline Carolyn & 4 & 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 \\ \hline Paul & 1, 2 & 3, 5, 6 \\ \hline Carolyn & 6 & 3, 5 \\ \hline Paul & 3 & 5 \\ \hline Carolyn & None & 5 \\ \hline Paul & 5 & None \\ \hline \end{tabular} Note that Carolyn can't remove $3$ or $5$ on her second turn, and can't remove any number on her third turn. In this example, the sum of the numbers removed by Carolyn is $4+6=10$ and the sum of the numbers removed by Paul is $1+2+3+5=11.$ Suppose that $n=6$ and Carolyn removes the integer $2$ on her first turn. Determine the sum of the numbers that Carolyn removes.
Answers
Answer:
The sum of the numbers that Carolyn removes is 5.
Step-by-step explanation:
The provided instruction for the game are:
Carolyn always has the first turn. Carolyn and Paul alternate turns.On each of her turns, Carolyn must remove one number from the list such that this number has at least one positive divisor other than itself remaining in the list.On each of his turns, Paul must remove from the list all of the positive divisors of the number that Carolyn has just removed.If Carolyn cannot remove any more numbers, then Paul removes the rest of the numbers.The value of n is supposed as 6.
And it is also provided that Carolyn removes the integer 2 on her first turn.
The table displaying the outcomes of the game are as follows:
Player Removed Remaining
Carolyn 2 1, 3, 4, 5, 6
Paul 1 3, 4, 5, 6
Carolyn 3 4, 5, 6
Paul 6 4, 5
Carolyn None 4, 5
Paul 4, 5 None
The sum of the numbers that Carolyn removes is:
S = 2 + 3 = 5
Thus, the sum of the numbers that Carolyn removes is 5.
I believe the answer is 8, but I am not sure.
Five more than the square of a number Five more than twice a number Five less than the product of 3 and a number Five less the product of 3 and a number Twice the sum of a number and 5 The sum of twice a number and 5 The product of the cube of a number and 5 The cube of the product of 5 and a number. 5 + x2 5 + 2x 5 - 3x 3x - 5 2x + 5 2(x + 5) 5x3 (5x)3 WILL MARK BRAINLIEST AND DON'T PUT A FAKE ANSWER TO GET POINTS EITHER CUS I NEED HELP
Answers
Answer:
BelowStep-by-step explanation: Let all unknown no be x
Five more than the square of a number
= [tex]5 + x^2[/tex]
Five more than twice a number ;
[tex]5+2x\\= 2x+5[/tex]
Five less than the product of 3 and a number ;
[tex]5- 3x\\= 3x-5[/tex]
Twice the sum of a number and 5 ;
[tex]2(x+5)\\[/tex]
The sum of twice a number and 5 ;
[tex]2x+5[/tex]
The product of the cube of a number and 5;
[tex]x^3 \times 5\\=5x^3[/tex]
The cube of the product of 5 and a number ;
[tex](5\times x)^3\\(5x)^3[/tex]
Simplify to create an equivalent expression. 4(-15-3p)-4(-p+5)
Answers
Answer:
- 8p - 80
Step-by-step explanation:
Given
4(- 15 - 3p) - 4(- p + 5) ← distribute both parenthesis
= - 60 - 12p + 4p - 20 ← collect like terms
= - 8p - 80
Answer:
-8p -80
Step-by-step explanation:
4(-15-3p)-4(-p+5)
Distribute
-60 -12p +4p -20
Combine like terms
-60-20 -8p +4p
-80-8p
-8p -80
Help and show work plz
Answers
Answer:
30
Step-by-step explanation:
If we have 4 integers that have an average of 9, then all the numbers will add up to [tex]9\cdot4=36[/tex].
If we want the greatest number possible, the other 3 need to be the lowest possible.
Since they are all different, the lowest possible values of the first 3 numbers are 1, 2, and 3.
[tex]1 + 2 + 3 = 6[/tex]
[tex]36 - 6 = 30[/tex]
So 30 is the greatest value of one of the integers.
Hope this helped!
We have to accept or reject a large shipment of items. For quality control purposes, we collect a sample of 200 items and find 24 defective items. Construct a 95% percent confidence interval for the proportion of defective items in the whole shipment.
Answers
Answer:
A 95% confidence for the population proportion of defective items in the whole shipment is [0.075, 0.165] .
Step-by-step explanation:
We are given that for quality control purposes, we collect a sample of 200 items and find 24 defective items.
Firstly, the pivotal quantity for finding the confidence interval for the population proportion is given by;
P.Q. = [tex]\frac{\hat p-p}{\sqrt{\frac{\hat p(1-\hat p)}{n} } }[/tex] ~ N(0,1)
where, [tex]\hat p[/tex] = sample proportion of defective items = [tex]\frac{24}{200}[/tex] = 0.12
n = sample of items = 200
p = population proportion of defective items
Here for constructing a 95% confidence interval we have used a One-sample z-test statistics for proportions.
So, 95% confidence interval for the population proportion, p is ;
P(-1.96 < N(0,1) < 1.96) = 0.95 {As the critical value of z at 2.5% level
of significance are -1.96 & 1.96}
P(-1.96 < [tex]\frac{\hat p-p}{\sqrt{\frac{\hat p(1-\hat p)}{n} } }[/tex] < 1.96) = 0.95
P( [tex]-1.96 \times {\sqrt{\frac{\hat p(1-\hat p)}{n} } }[/tex] < [tex]{\hat p-p}[/tex] < [tex]1.96 \times {\sqrt{\frac{\hat p(1-\hat p)}{n} } }[/tex] ) = 0.95
P( [tex]\hat p-1.96 \times {\sqrt{\frac{\hat p(1-\hat p)}{n} } }[/tex] < p < [tex]\hat p+1.96 \times {\sqrt{\frac{\hat p(1-\hat p)}{n} } }[/tex] ) = 0.95
95% confidence interval for p = [ [tex]\hat p-1.96 \times {\sqrt{\frac{\hat p(1-\hat p)}{n} } }[/tex] , [tex]\hat p+1.96 \times {\sqrt{\frac{\hat p(1-\hat p)}{n} } }[/tex] ]
= [ [tex]0.12-1.96 \times {\sqrt{\frac{0.12(1-0.12)}{200} } }[/tex] , [tex]0.12+1.96 \times {\sqrt{\frac{0.12(1-0.12)}{200} } }[/tex] ]
= [0.075, 0.165]
Therefore, a 95% confidence for the population proportion of defective items in the whole shipment is [0.075, 0.165] .