Equation showing the Mn³⁺ cation acting as an acid:
Mn³⁺+ H₂O → MnOH²⁺ + H⁺
A cation is a positively charged ion in a metal element whose formation is carried out by releasing one or more electrons from its outermost electrons to achieve stability.
The intermediate reaction is an acid-base reaction. Acid-base reactions generally produce salt and water. However, in this reaction what is formed is an anion and a conjugate acid-base cation because it uses the Bronsted-Lowry acid-base principle. Mn³⁺ acts as an acid so that it donates a proton MnOH²⁺ to H⁺ so that the species formed are MnOH²⁺ and H⁺.
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during secondary active transport the movement of one susbtance down it's electronchemical gradient provides the force to move antoher substance up. both substances move in the same diection the mechanism is referered to as
During secondary active transport the movement of one substances down it's electrochemical gradient provides the force to move another substance up. both substances move in the same direction the mechanism is referred to as symport.
The secondary active transport the movement of one substances . the movement depends on the two types : symport and the antiport. An antiport is the substance move in opposite direction in symport the substance move in same direction
Thus, During secondary active transport the movement of one substances down it's electrochemical gradient provides the force to move another substance up. both substances move in the same direction the mechanism is referred to as symport.
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Please help!!
(this is Rutherford's Black box experiment and atoms)
- please answer all the questions in full sentences :D
- do not answer "i'm not sure" on here.
1) Suppose the marble usually rolled right to the end of the box without bouncing off anything, what would this tell you about the size of the targets?
2) What conclusions did Rutherford draw from his data and how did the data change the model of the atom?
3) Niels Bohr was a student of Rutherford, Bohr's work went on to modify the atomic model even more. What changes did Bohr make to advance our understanding of the atom?
1) Suppose the marble usually rolled right to the end of the box without bouncing off anything, what would this tell you about the size of the targets?
That the target is very small, they do not take up much space in the box. The target represents the gold nuclei in the Rutherford experiment, and thus is relatively small.
2.) What conclusions did Rutherford draw from his data and how did the data change the model of the atom?
A large majority of the alpha particles went through the gold foil, but some got deflected back. At the time, it was presumed that an atom was a sphere with the same charge all around. If some but not all the particles were being reflected back, this meant that the positive charge in the atom must be very concentrated- ie. in the center known as a nucleus. This changed the atomic model from the plum pudding model (negative electrons among large positive sphere) to the nuclear model (Mass of atom is in the nucleus with electrons orbiting around). (As in image below)
3) Niels Bohr was a student of Rutherford, Bohr's work went on to modify the atomic model even more. What changes did Bohr make to advance our understanding of the atom?
Instead of random orbits that Rutherford predicted, Bohr proposed specific atomic orbitals. He explained that there are orbital levels around the nucleus and that this is where electrons are. He said that electrons can move up energy levels by adding energy, and move down by releasing energy. These orbitals are what is shown in the Bohr Model.
Hope this helps!