For this experiment, various solutions were compared to look for precipitation or bubbling. What is the independent variable in the experiment?

A. the precipitates or bubbles
B. all the solutions
C. only the pickle crisp and vinegar​

Plants absorbs the atmospheric carbon dioxide and use it up for photosynthesis.  Hence, increasing plant biomass reduces the atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Photosynthesis is a biochemical process by which the plants synthesis glucose and energy in leaves using carbon dioxide and water with the aid of light energy.

The pigment chlorophyll is a photoactive substance which absorbs the light energy. Using carbon dioxide and water plants synthesis glucose and oxygen is released in this reaction.

Therefore, as the plant biomass increases, the intake of carbon dioxide by these plants increases, leading to a reduction in the atmospheric carbon  dioxide which is good to decline the effect of global warming also.

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In order to reconstruct Geologic History, geological principles must be used. Some of the principles of Geology used are:

Principle of Superposition: In a given vertical arrangement of undisturbed sedimentary layers of the flow of lava, the oldest layers are usually the first from the bottom up and the youngest are the first from top down. [See Image A]

Horizontality: Usually rock sediments are first deposited in an approximately horizontal manner. Where deformations such as folds and tilts are observed, it is a result of deformation which comes after deposition.

Inclusion: All Inclusions that are not part of the rock formation are deemed to be older that the rock formation.

Metamorphism: A hot magma intrusion "bakes" the somewhat colder surrounding rock. The rock that is cooked during this Contact Metamorphism procedure must be older.

Cross- Cu.tt.ing Relations: If one geological feature cuts over another, the cut feature is older.

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The vapor-pressure lowering, AP, of an aqueous solution is 2.44Torr.

Mole = [tex]\frac{weight}{molecular weight}[/tex]

In a 1.80m (molal) solution, 1 kilogram of the solvent contains 1.80 moles of the solute (which is water in this case).

Water's molar mass is equal to 2(atomic mass of H) + [2(1)+16] (atomic mass of O).

=18g/mol

The mole of water in 1 kilogram (equivalent to 1000 grams)::

[tex]n_{H_{2} O}[/tex]= [tex]\frac{1000}{18g/mol}[/tex] = 55.56mol

The solute's mole fraction in the 1.80 m solution is as follows::

[tex]x_{solute}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{n_{solute} }{n_{H_{2}O }}[/tex]

   ⇒[tex]x_{solute} =[/tex] [tex]\frac{1.80}{55.56}[/tex] = 0.032

a. Sucrose is a non-electrolyte, i.e., it does not undergo dissociation in the aqueous solution.

As a result, the Van't Hoff factor for sucrose is = i = 1

The lowering in vapor pressure of the solution, which is 1.80m in sucrose:

=[tex]ix_{solute}p^{0}[/tex]

=(1)(0.032)(17.54)Torr

=(0.56)Torr

b. Aluminum chloride dissociate in water as follows:

[tex]AlCl_{3}[/tex] →[tex]Al^{3+}+ 3Cl^{-}[/tex]

As a result, an aqueous solution containing one aluminum chloride particle yields four more particles.

Thus, i=4

The lowering in vapor pressure is thus:

=[tex]ix_{solute}p^{0}[/tex]

=(4)(0.032)(17.54)Torr

=(2.24)Torr

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If we have 37.75 g of S , the number of moles is 1.17 mol.

Given that :

mass of Sulphur , S = 37.75 g

Molar mass of Sulphur , S = 32 g / mol

The number of moles of substances is equals to the ,mass of substance given to the molar mass of that substance.

number of moles = mass / molar mass

number of moles  of sulphur = 37.75 g / 32 g / mol

number of moles of sulphur = 1.17 mol

Thus, If we have 37.75 g of S , the number of moles is 1.17 mol.

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Answer:

True.

Explanation:

The solution of 12.0 M HCl and to prepare 300 mL of a 0.6 M solution , the initial volume is 0.015 L.

given that :

Molarity M1 = 12.0 M

volume V1 = ?

Molarity M2 = 0.6 M

Volume V2 = 300 mL = 0.3 L

The dilution law is given as :

M1 V1 = M2 V2

12.0 × V1 = 0.6 × 0.3 L

V1 = 0.18 / 12

V1 = 0.015 L

Thus, The solution of 12.0 M HCl and to prepare 300 mL of a 0.6 M solution , the initial volume is 0.015 L.

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The number of moles of F₂ is 0.453 mol

The grams of F₂ are present is 17.21 g

given that :

pressure P = 5.2 atm

volume V = 2.55 L

temperature T = ( 273 + 83 ) = 356 K

using the gas equation , we get

PV = nRT

n = PV / RT

n = ( 5.2 × 2.55 ) / (0.0821 × 356)

n = 13.26 / 29.22

n = 0.453 mol

the mass of F₂ = moles × molar mas

                         = 0.453 × 38

                         = 17.21 g

Thus, The number of moles of F₂ is 0.453 mol

The grams of F₂ are present is 17.21 g

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The assumption that an atom is indestructible is refuted by the fact that it can be further split into protons, neutrons, and electrons.

However, an atom is the smallest particle involved in chemical reactions. According to Dalton, every aspect of an element's atoms is the same.

The atom is the smallest unit of matter that may be divided without generating particles with an electrical charge. It is also the smallest material with properties resembling chemical elements. As a result, the atom acts as the basic building block of chemistry. Examine various electron configurations in the electron shells that enclose the atomic nucleus of an atom.

Examine various electron configurations in the electron shells that enclose the atomic nucleus of an atom. An atom is primarily made of space. The rest is made up of a positively charged nucleus made up of protons and neutrons that is surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The nucleus is small and dense in comparison to electrons, which are the lightest charged particles in nature.

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Solid potassium (K) conducts an electric current, whereas solid potassium iodide (KI) does not because solid potassium has a delocalized sea of electrons and KI has its cations and anions.

Positively charged potassium and negatively charged iodine combine to form the straightforward inorganic ionic chemical potassium iodide. It is solid at room temperature and resembles sodium chloride or table salt in terms of crystalline structure.

The major uses of potassium iodide are to treat hyperthyroidism and as a dietary supplement for those who are iodine deficient. Additionally, it is utilized as an expectorant to treat asthma and other long-term respiratory disorders, as well as to shield the thyroid gland from radiation.

When potassium iodide is dissolved in water, it splits into cations and anions, enabling free electron movement across the solution. It does not conduct electricity when it is in a dry crystal state, though, like other ionic compounds.

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-18,037.5  are joules are needed to increase the temperature of 150 g of water from 313K to 338 K.

What is joules?

In the International System of Units (SI), a joule is a unit of work or energy equal to the work done by a force of one newton acting through one metre. It is named after the English physicist James Prescott Joule and equals 107 ergs, or about 0.7377 foot-pounds. The joule is equal to one watt-second in electrical terms, which is the amount of energy released in one second by a current of one ampere through a resistance of one ohm.

The distinction between heat and temperature can be difficult to grasp. Heat is essentially the total amount of kinetic energy that a substance's molecules contain, and it is measured in joules (J). Temperature is measured in degrees and is proportional to the average kinetic energy of the individual molecules. When the same quantity of heat is applied to different materials, the temperature rises at varying rates depending on the substance's specific heat capacity. If you know the amount of the substance and its specific heat capacity, you may determine the final temperature.

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The heat that is released by the 1.39 Kg of pentane is 58518 kJ.

We know that the combustion of pentane is an exothermic reaction because heat is released in the process. We have to look to the  balanced thermochemical reaction equation for the combustion of pentane.

Given that the number of moles of the pentane that is burnt here =  1.39 * 10^3 g/72 g/mol

= 19.3 moles

Now;

If we require 3032 kJ of energy to burn one mole of pentane

If we have 19.3 moles of pentane then we have;

19.3 moles *  3032 kJ/ 1 mole

= 58518 kJ

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Using the Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, there are six  electron dense areas in the compound.

According to the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, the number of electron pairs that surround the valence shell of the central atom of the molecule is the determinant factor of the  shape of the molecule.

Thus, the repulsion between the electron pairs would make  the compound to assume a certain shape as the electrons would be able to maximize the repulsion that does exists between them.

In this case, we have a compound that have a central tom that is surround be six electron pairs that surround the central atom and they are all bond pairs of electron thus we would have six areas of electron density.

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When heat is added to the water molecules there is an increase in temperature causing the water molecules to gain kinetic energy and move more rapidly. The water molecules will then move further apart resulting in an increase in the water volume.

The water molecule is said to be composed of two hydrogen atoms, each linked by a single chemical bond to an oxygen atom.

When heat is added to water molecules, it can result in;

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A solution is prepared by dissolving sodium benzoate and benzoic acid in water to give a 9 m mol / liter concentration of each compound. The mixture has a pH of 4.21 at 25 °C. the acid dissociation constant of benzoic acid, Ka is 6.1 × 10⁻⁵.

the pH of solution is given as :

pH = pka + log ( [sodium benzoate / benzoic acid])

4.21 = pka + log 1

pka = 4.21

pka = - log ka

ka = 10^- pka

ka = 6.2 × 10⁻⁵

Thus, A solution is prepared by dissolving sodium benzoate and benzoic acid in water to give a 9 m mol / liter concentration of each compound. The mixture has a pH of 4.21 at 25 °C. the acid dissociation constant of benzoic acid, Ka is 6.1 × 10⁻⁵.

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Explanation:

as the number of shell increased the size of the atom increase but the same shell with different number of valence electron, as electron number increase the attraction between nucleus and valance electron increased then the atom becomes shrinks and so the size of it decreased.

16 grams of HCl are in 1 L of 6 M HCl

Number of moles of a substance is actually the ratio of the given mass in the chemical reaction to the mass of one mole of substance. One mole of any substance equals Avogadro's number. It is also used to express concentration units such as mole per liter or molecular weight

Formula for molarity of solute is given as:

Molarity =   moles of solute                

                  Volume of solution in liter

moles of solute = Volume of solution × Molarity

moles of solute = 1L × 6M ⇒ 6moles

Mass of HCl = Number of moles × Molecular weights

                     = 6 × 36.5 ⇒ 16 grams

Therefore the 16 grams of HCl are in 1 L of 6 M HCl

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The reaction given below shows a balanced incomplete combustion reaction:

B. 2 C₅H₁₂ + 11 O₂--> 10 CO + 12 H₂O

A combustion reaction is a reaction that involves substances reacting exothermically with oxygen to release large amounts of heat and light energy.

Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon.

Hydrogen combusts completely in oxygen to produce carbon(iv) oxide and water.

However, the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons produces carbon (ii) oxide and water instead carbon(iv) oxide and water.

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The mass of the Helium that is produced is 860 Kg.

We know that we must first be able to obtain the number of moles of the Helium gas from the ideal gas equation and that is the first step in our solution.

Thus we have;

Volume of the gas = 1.85×10^5 ft3 or 5.23 * 10^6 L

Temperature of the gas =  23 ∘C + 273 = 296 K

Pressure of the gas =  1.0 atm

Number of moles of the gas = ??

Gas constant = 0.082 atmLK-1mol-1

Then;

PV = nRT

P = pressure of the gas

V = volume of the gas

n = Number of moles of the gas

R = gas constant

T = temperature

n = PV/RT

n =  1.0 atm *  5.23 * 10^6 L/0.082 atmLK-1mol-1 * 296 K

n = 5.23 * 10^6/24.27

n = 2.15 * 10^5 moles

Mass of the Helium = 2.15 * 10^5 moles * 4 g/mol = 860 Kg

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The pH of the solutions are as follows:

a. pH = 4.4

b. pH = 0.2

The pH of a solution is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution.

The pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a substance.

pH = -log [H⁺]

where [H⁺] is the hydrogen ion concentration

The pH of the solutions are as follows:

a.  150.0 ml of a 3.5 x 10⁻⁵ M HNO3.

pH = -log (3.5 x 10⁻⁵)

pH = 4.4

b. 250.0 ml of a 0.63 M solution of HNO2

pH = -log (0.63)

pH = 0.2

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According to the given information Group in which no response is expected is a negative control.

The correct option is C.

A scientist may develop the hypothesis that a given type of tomato will be red if it carries the gene for the colour red. The scientist then discovers that every tomato of this variety is red during investigation.

Hypotheses are frequently employed to promote scientific research and enhance knowledge. These clear declarations serve as the cornerstone for all research experiments. Therefore, a problem in the creation of a hypothesis may lead to errors in the design of a whole experiment.

As previously said, a hypothesis serves as a response to the research question and directs the gathering and analysis of data. Researchers can use hypotheses to both identify relationships between variables and forecast relationships based on theoretical principles and/or empirical data.

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1.34 x 10^{-3} is the concentration of NH4 .

What is pH ?

pH, a quantitative measure of the acidity or basicity of aqueous or other liquid solutions. Widely used in chemistry, biology, and agriculture, this term translates the concentration value of hydrogen ions. This typically ranges from about 1 to 10-14 gram equivalents per liter. Converted to a number between 0 and 14. At neutral (neither acidic nor alkaline), the concentration of hydrogen ions is 10−7 gram equivalents per liter, which corresponds to a pH of 7. Solutions below pH 7 are considered acidic. Solutions with a pH greater than 7 are considered basic or alkaline.

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The practice is the most sustainable is using cloth grocery bags over and over again.

The sustainable practices are the practices which supports the ecological and economic health . the is of plastic bag , paper or cloth bag over and over again . we have to reuse for the shopping purpose. go for the paperless document. cloth bag are reusable and better than a plastic bags. cloth bag will reduces the plastic use and the pollution will also reduce caused by the plastic bags.

Thus, The practice is the most sustainable is using cloth grocery bags over and over again.

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Copper metal plus zinc sulfate solution : is not  possible because the copper metal is less reactive than zinc and copper cannot displace the zinc.

The copper metal with zinc sulfate reaction is not possible because copper is less reactive than the zinc cant cannot displace the zinc. so, the reaction :

Cu + ZnSO₄ ---->    no reaction

but the zinc plus copper sulfate is possible , copper is less reactive than zinc and zinc can displace the copper . and the reaction is called as displacement reaction the reacion is given as :

CuSO₄   +   Zn   ----->    ZnSO₄    +   Cu

Thus, Copper metal plus zinc sulfate solution : is not  possible because the copper metal is less reactive than zinc and copper cannot displace the zinc.

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Answer: 17.5 %

Write the equation for relative Atomic mass in terms of an ( 'a' being one isotope's mass) and solve for x:

88.7 = [tex]\frac{(a * 88) + ((100 - a) * 92)}{100}[/tex]

8870 = 88*a + 9200 - 92 * a

4*a = 330

a = 82.5

Find the value of b using a,

100 - a = b

100 - 82.5 = b

b = 17.5

So, the % abundance for the isotope with mass number 88 is 82.5% and the % abundance for the isotope with mass number 92 is 17.5% .

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Reactivity of these elements as follow

Calcium > Magnesium > Beryllium

What is valance electron?

A valence electron is an electron connected with an atom and capable of participating in the formation of a chemical bond; in a single covalent connection, both atoms contribute one valence electron to form a shared pair. The existence of valence electrons can affect the element's chemical characteristics and ability to bind with other elements: a valence electron can only be in the outermost electron shell of a main group element.

The valence shell, also known as the valence orbital, is the orbital found in the atom's outermost area. These valence shells contain electrons known as valence electrons, which are responsible for the chemical process. When one electron is withdrawn or added to this valence shell, the basic goal is to complete the element's octet.

The elements beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), have two electrons in their valence shells, giving them an oxidation state of +2

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The new volume of the balloon is 26.307L. This can be solved with the help of Charles' law.

What is Charles' law?

According to the Charles' law, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature at constant pressure.

Here we assume that the pressure is constant in both the cases.

V1/T1 = V2/T2

30.6L/285.15K = V2/245.15K

V2= 26.307L.

Therefore, the new volume at -28 degree Celsius and constant 1 atm pressure is 26.307L according to Charles' law.

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The concentration of the unknown [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex] solution would be 0.0368 M

The equation of the reaction is as follows:

[tex]H3PO_4(aq)+3NaOH(aq)--- > 3H_2O(l)+Na_3PO_4(aq)[/tex]

The mole ratio of the  [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex] solution to the NaOH solution is 1:3.

But 0.140 M, 25.24 mL of NaOH was used.

Recall that: mole = molarity x volume (in Liters)

Mole of 0.140 M, 25.24 mL of NaOH = 0.140 x 25.24/1000

                                                             = 0.0035336 mol

Following the mole ratio, the equivalent mole of [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex] would be:

0.0035336 /3 = 0.00117786666

Recall that: molarity = mol/volume (in Liters)

Molarity of 0.00117786666 mol, 32.00 mL [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex] = 0.00117786666/0.032

                                                                                  = 0.0368 M

In other words, the molarity of the [tex]H_3PO_4[/tex] solution to 3 significant figures is 0.0368 M.

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Answer:

Strontium is a chemical element with symbol Sr and atomic number 38. Classified as an alkaline earth metal, Strontium is a solid at room temperature.

Explanation:

The elements give off specific color because the energy of shells of different elements are specific.

Electrons when excited jump from a lower energy level to higher energy level. in higher energy level the electron are less stable . so, after some time they return from higher to lower energy level an emit some light of different wavelength of specific colors. The difference in the energy of the shells of the atom are specific. the color of different elements are different because of the light emitted and the wavelength is inversely proportional to energy.

E = hc / λ

Thus, The elements give off specific color because the energy of shells of different elements are specific.

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