One pH value where benzoic acid and dibromobenzene would be in different layers in an extraction is around 2.5. At this pH, benzoic acid will be in its acidic form and will be in the aqueous layer, while dibromobenzene will be in its neutral form and will be in the organic layer.
In a liquid-liquid extraction, the goal is to separate two or more compounds based on their relative solubility in different solvents. Benzoic acid and dibromobenzene are two such compounds that can be separated in this way.
Benzoic acid is an organic acid with a carboxylic acid functional group, while dibromobenzene is an organic compound with an aromatic ring. The solubility of these compounds in different solvents will depend on their chemical properties, and can also be influenced by pH.
At a pH of around 2.5, benzoic acid will be in its acidic form and will be more soluble in water, making it more likely to be present in the aqueous layer. Dibromobenzene, on the other hand, will be in its neutral form and will be more likely to be present in the organic layer.
By adjusting the pH of the aqueous layer to the appropriate value, the two compounds can be effectively separated. It is important to note that this is just one example of a pH value that can be used for this separation, and that other factors such as the choice of solvents and the relative concentrations of the compounds will also play a role.
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what is the property of a substance that can be used to obtain the heat absorbed or evolved in a chemical reaction at constant pressure?
Enthalpy is the property of the substances that can be used to obtain the heat absorbed or evolved in a chemical reaction at constant pressure.
The term Enthalpy is the heat content of a system at constant pressure. changes in enthalpy of chemical systems as reactants are converted into products. The state of reactants and products influences the enthalpy value for a system. The heat absorbed or released at a constant pressure is the same as the enthalpy change. It is given by the symbol ΔH. The change in enthalpy of the reaction is a measure of the differences in enthalpy. The enthalpy of a system is determined by the energies needed to break the chemical bonds and the energies needed to form the chemical bonds.
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A 0.45 g sample of an unknown metal (X) is dropped into hydrochloric acid and releases 251 mL of gas at STP. What is the identity of the unknown metal?
The identity of the unknown metal would be potassium.
Stoichiometric problemAt STP, 1 mole of gas = 22.4 liters of 22400 mL
Thus, 251 mL would be: 251/22400 = 0.0112 mol of gas.
X and hydrochloric acid react to produce hydrogen according to the following chemical equation:
[tex]X + 2HCl --- > XCl_2 + H_2[/tex]
The mole ratio of X and hydrogen gas is 1:1. Thus, the equivalent mole of X that reacted would be 0.0112 mol.
Recall that: mole = mass/molar mass
Molar mass = mass/mole = 0.45/0.0112 = 40.18 g/mol
In other words, the molar weight of the metal is approximately 40. The metal with a molar weight that is close to 40 is potassium. Thus, X is potassium.
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Does CA and O form an ionic compound?
Yes, Ca and O do form an ionic compound.
Calcium (Ca) is a metal and Oxygen (O) is a non-metal. Ca loses 2 electrons to form a cation (positively charged ion) - Ca+2 ion. Oxygen gains 2 electrons to form an anion (negatively charged ion) - O2- ion. Therefore, they cross react to form an ionic compound : CaO (Calcium oxide). In other words, calcium has 2 valence electrons in its outermost shell and has a tendency to lose them, whereas, oxygen has 6 valence electrons in its outermost shell and has a tendency to gain 2 more. Therefore, Ca forms Ca+2 by donating these 2 electrons to oxygen. Oxygen gains these 2 electrons and the compound formed is an ionic compound named CaO (Calcium oxide).
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1. How many grams of Na2SO4, will be produced if 2.9 L of HCl are also produced at a
temperature of 98°C and a pressure of 1.13 atm?
2.If 3.4 L of H₂SO4 are reacted, how many liters of HCI would be produced?
Answer:he balanced chemical equation is
H
2
SO
4
+2NaOH→Na
2
SO
4
+2H
2
O
Thus, 1 mole H
2
SO
4
will react with 2 moles of NaOH.
The molecular weights of H
2
SO
4
and NaOH are 98 g/mol and 40 g/mol respectively.
The mass is divided with molecular weight to obtain the number of moles.
The number of moles of H
2
SO
4
=
98
98
=1 mole.
The number of moles of NaOH =
40
40
=1 mole.
Thus 1 mole of H
2
SO
4
and 1 mole of NaOH are present.
0.5 mole of H
2
SO
4
will react with 1 mole of NaOH.
Thus H
2
SO
4
is the excess reagent and NaOH is limiting reactant.
1 mole of H
2
SO
4
will produce 1 mole of Na
2
SO
4
Hence, 0.5 mole of H
2
SO
4
will produce 0.5 mole of Na
2
SO
4
The molecular weight of Na
2
SO
4
is 142 g/mol.
The mass of Na
2
SO
4
produced is 0.5×142=71 g.
Explanation:
Which statement describes Hund's rule? An electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it
All orbitals of equal energy are occupied by one electron before any single orbital is occupied by a second electron
No more than two electrons can occupy the same orbital.
Answer:
76
Explanation:
its as and then its pro
The balls in a modeling kit representing different elements are often distinguished by color. However, there are other ways to identify the elements. Beyond color, what differences do you expect between the atoms of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in a modeling kit?.
The size of the atoms a and the number of holes in the atoms can be used to decode the element.
A model is a miniature depiction of reality. Molecular models often consists of boxes that contain balls which are used to represent elements. In common parlance, the color is used to show the type of element. The balls in a modeling kit representing different elements are often distinguished by color.
Apart from the color, the size of the atoms a and the number of holes in the atoms can be used to decode the element
Your question is incomplete most probably your full question was
The balls in a modeling kit representing different elements are often distinguished by color. however, there are other ways to identify the elements. beyond color, what differences do you expect between the atoms of distinct elements in a modeling kit?
select one or more:
a. the arrangement of holes in the atoms
b. the material that makes up the atoms
c. the comparative size of the atoms
d. the number of holes in the atoms
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What type of reaction is H2 O2 → h2o?
The type of reaction given H2 O2 → h2o is a : combination reaction.
What is meant by combination reaction?When two or more compounds combine to create a single new substance, this reaction is called a combination reaction. Synthesis reactions are another name for combination reactions. A+B-->AB is the standard format for a combination reaction. Two components combining to generate a compound is an example of a combination reaction.
By counting the number of reactants and products, you can identify a combination reaction. Two reactants combine to form a single product in the given reaction. Two elements, two compounds, or a compound and an element can combine in a reaction.
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write the notation axq for the ion that forms from the atom with a mass number of 80 and has 45 neutrons. here q represents the charge on the common ion formed.
The notation axq represents an ion with an atomic mass (A) of 80 and 45 neutrons (x).
The charge (q) on the ion is determined by the number of protons and electrons in the atom. Since the atomic mass is 80, the number of protons must be
80 - 45 = 35.
The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons, so the charge on the ion must be 35 - 35 = 0. Therefore, the notation for the ion formed from an atom with a mass number of 80 and 45 neutrons is 80x0.
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A molar mass is the mass of one mole atoms or molecules and is given in
Answer:
it located in the periodic table, it the average mass of the atom.
Explanation:
a form of the most powerful natural stimulant in the world where the addition of ammonia and sodium bicarbonate make it into its easily recognizable crystal form. True or False
This statement is true. Crack is one of the world's most powerful natural stimulants and is converted into an easily recognizable crystalline form with the addition of ammonia and sodium bicarbonate.
Crack cocaine, commonly known simply as crack and also known as rock, is the free base form of the smokeable stimulant cocaine. The crack provides the smoker with a short, intense high. The Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment Manual calls it the most addictive form of cocaine. Crack is made by dissolving cocaine powder in a mixture of water and ammonia or sodium bicarbonate (baking soda). You can Boil the mixture until a solid substance forms.
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At 90.0 degree celsius, a glass bulb with a volume of 147.2 mL is filled with an unknown gas at 89.3 kPa. The gas has a mass of 0.1665g. What is the molar mass of the gas? Using this molar mass, what is the identity of the gas in the light bulb?
To find the molar mass of the gas, we can use the ideal gas law: PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature. We are given P, V, and T and can use them to solve for n.
First, we need to convert the temperature from degrees Celsius to kelvin: 90.0 °C + 273.15 = 363.15 K
Next, we can use the molar mass formula: m = (mass of the gas) / (moles of the gas)
We can calculate the number of moles of gas using the ideal gas law:
n = (PV) / (RT)
n = (89.3 kPa * 147.2 mL) / (8.314 J/mol*K * 363.15 K)
We know that mass of the gas is 0.1665 g
Now we can use the formula to calculate molar mass:
molar mass = (0.1665 g) / n
Now we have molar mass, we can use it to find out the identity of the gas.
The molar mass for the ideal gas is 28.96 g/mol which is the molar mass of Nitrogen gas.
Therefore, the gas in the light bulb is Nitrogen.
The gas has a molar mass of 40 g/mol and the gas is Ar.
What is the molar mass of the gas?We have to use the Ideal gas equation so as to obtain the number of moles of the gas that we have in this context and then we are going to have in the case of the gas that is under study;
Pressure = 89.3 kPa or 0.88 atm
Volume = 147.2 mL or 0.1472 L
Temperature = 90 degrees + 273 = 363 K
Gas constant = 0.082 atmLK-1mol-1
Then we have;
PV = nRT
n = PV/RT
n = 0.88 atm * 0.1472 L/0.082 atmLK-1mol-1 * 363 K
n = 0.1295/29.8
n = 0.0043 moles
We then have;
Number of moles = mass/molar mass
Molar mass = Mass/Number of moles
= 0.1665g/0.0043 moles
= 40 g/mol
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Help will be greatly appreciated 40 points!
Which process occurs as heat is added to a liquid causing vapor pressure to equal the external atmospheric pressure
the answer is boiling
Explanation:
as you boil it evaporates,equal to external atmospheric pressure
Explanation:
the answer is boiling cuz if heat is added to a liquid it will start to boil
What happens in reduction reaction?
During the process of reduction the electrons are gained by the reduced species in the chemical reaction.
In an oxidation-reduction reaction, also known as a redox reaction, the reduced species in the chemical reaction gains electrons during the reduction process, whereas the oxidized species loses electrons during the oxidation process. The fundamental component of redox reactions is the entire transfer of electrons.
Atoms' oxidation number can vary during redox chemical processes. In the reduction process, a substance increases by one or more electrons, electronegative atoms or the loss of an oxygen atom, gains an electropositive atom or a hydrogen atom or increase in its oxidation number is lost
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what are molecules made up of only one type of atom
Molecules made up of only one type of atom are called monatomic molecules.
Examples of monatomic molecules include the noble gases like helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), and so on. These molecules are composed of a single atom of the corresponding element and are chemically unreactive. They are also called diatomic molecules, meaning that they are composed of only two atoms.
Another example of a monatomic molecule is the metallic atom, which is formed when metal atoms lose one or more electrons. These neutral atoms are also called metallic atoms and have unique properties.
Monatomic molecules are not common in nature, and they are not easily formed because they lack chemical reactivity.
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which is false? group of answer choices vacancy concentration increases with decreasing temperature vacancies are present only in high temperatures (t0.5 tm) vacancy concentration is independent of temperature all of the above
Option C: all of the above are false because vacancy concentration is exponentially dependent on temperature.
Temperature affects flaws that are vacant. Mathematically, the number of vacancies in a specific volume of a solid at a specific temperature can be stated as follows: At a specific temperature, [tex]N_{v}[/tex] is the total number of vacancies per unit volume of solid (vacancies/[tex]m^{3}[/tex]):
[tex]N_{v}[/tex] = exp(−ΔGv/RT)
Vacancy concentration is, thus, not independent of temperature, but rises with it. Also, it is not necessary that vacancies will only be present at high temperatures only but can also be present at relatively low temperatures so as to make the crystal in equilibrium. Hence, all of the given statements are false.
When an atom is absent from its original lattice location, a vacancy is created. As a result, vacancy results in the vacant lattice site shown below. Vacancy is a zero-dimensional flaw, just as other points of defects. The tension between the nearby atoms is caused by the vacancy defect. The vacancy defect causes the density of the crystalline solid to decrease since there are fewer atoms present.
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Why is loss of electrons called oxidation?
A stable atom is a small, three-part subatomic particle made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons. An atom is said to be oxidized when it loses electrons, and the process of losing electrons is referred to as oxidation.
First, oxidation is defined as the addition of oxygen atoms. Let's look at an illustration of a chemical reaction that includes oxygen addition:
2Mg+O₂→2MgO
In the aforementioned reaction, magnesium and oxygen combine to generate magnesium oxide. The magnesium atom gained the oxygen atoms in this reaction.
Magnesium and oxygen are initially in their zero oxidation states. Magnesium is in the +2 oxidation state and oxygen is in the 2 oxidation state in magnesium oxide. Thus, it is evident that magnesium experiences an electron loss.
Thus, the definition of oxidation is defined as the loss of electrons when an oxygen atom is added to any atom, which results in the loss of electrons in that atom or compound.
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what should be immediately used if your clothing catches fire or a large amount of chemical is spilled on your clothing?
If our clothing catches fire or a large number of chemicals is spilled on our clothing, the best thing to do is stop, drop, and roll.
Stop where we are, drop to the ground, and roll to put out the fire or absorb the chemical spill. You should also try to cover your face, mouth, and nose with your hands or a cloth to avoid inhaling chemicals or smoke.
If possible, we should also seek help from someone nearby who can help us with the fire or chemical spill. Make sure to call emergency services as soon as possible. If the clothing is still burning, you should take off any items of clothing that have not been burned or affected by the chemical spill, and move away from the fire or spill as quickly as possible.
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I have 377 moles of H2 how many liters is this
According to ideal gas law, there are 855685.19 moles of hydrogen in 377 moles.
What is ideal gas law?The ideal gas law is a equation which is applicable in a hypothetical state of an ideal gas.It is a combination of Boyle's law, Charle's law,Avogadro's law and Gay-Lussac's law . It is given as, PV=nRT where R= gas constant whose value is 8.314.The law has several limitations.The graph of an ideal gas is a straight line passing through the origin.
Substituting the values in the equation, V=nRT/P=377×8.314×273/1=855685.19 moles.
Thus, there are 855685.19 moles of hydrogen in 377 moles.
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a 1.0 l aqueous solution contains 0.30 mol kbr and 0.60 mol of nabr. what is the minimum number of moles of pb(no3)2 that must be added to precipitate all of the bromide ions?
The minimum number of moles of Pb(NO₃)₂ that must be added to precipitate all of the bromide ions is 0.90 mol.
PbBr₂ is a slightly insoluble salt, and it will precipitate when the concentration of bromide ions exceeds the solubility product constant of PbBr₂. Therefore, to precipitate all of the bromide ions, the concentration of Pb²⁺ ions must be greater than or equal to the concentration of Br ⁻ ions. Therefore, the number of moles of Pb(NO₃)₂ that must be added to the solution is equal to the total number of moles of bromide ions present in the solution, which is 0.90 mol.
To calculate the minimum number of moles of Pb(NO₃)₂ that must be added to precipitate all of the bromide ions you can use this calculation:
0.30 mol + 0.60 mol = 0.90 mol.
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Explain why. 4. What causes the convection cell to turn to the left at point B?
The ascending material collides with the unyielding lithosphere and becomes immobile.
How convection cell works?Point B is located right below the ridge, between two convections. Because the flow of fluid strikes the bottom of the crust/lithosphere and is pushed to turn left, this causes the cell to turn left. As the fluid moves between these sites, it cools down and adjusts to the lower temperature at the top of the mantle.A convection cell is the phenomena that happens when density variations exist within a body of liquid or gas in the science of fluid dynamics. Rising and/or falling currents are the primary characteristics of a convection cell as a result of these density discrepancies.For more information on convection cell kindly visit to
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What type of attractive force is the arrow pointing at in the molecule
The type of attractive force that the arrow pointing at in the molecule is option D. intramolecular force
What is intramolecular force?
Intramolecular forces are the attractive or repulsive forces between atoms within a molecule. These forces hold the atoms together to form the molecule. They include chemical bonds such as covalent, ionic, and metallic bonds.
Therefore, These bonds arise due to the sharing or transfer of electrons between atoms. The arrow in the molecule is likely indicating the presence of one of these types of bonds, which are intramolecular forces that hold the atoms in the molecule together.
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What type of attractive force is the arrow pointing at in the molecule?
A. intermolecular force
B. electronic force
C. gravitational force
D. intramolecular force
Which scientific explanation is evidence for why metallic minerals are frequently found near previously or currently active convergent plate boundaries?
Metallic minerals are often found near previously or currently active convergent plate boundaries because of the process of subduction.
What is subduction?Subduction occurs when one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle. As the plate sinks, it melts and the molten materials that are created can rise to the surface and cool, forming new crust and the metallic minerals that are commonly associated with this process, such as copper, gold, and silver. This is known as a mineral deposit generated by fluid transport and is one of the pieces of evidence that support that metallic minerals are frequently found near previously or currently active convergent plate boundaries.
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Describe Two or more reactants unite to form a single product .
Two or more reactants unite to form a single product are combustion and synthesis.
1. Combustion: Combustion is a reaction in which two or more reactants, typically a fuel and an oxidizer, combine to form a single product: carbon dioxide and water. The heat released by combustion is often used to power engines and turbines.
2. Synthesis: Synthesis is a reaction in which two or more reactants combine to form a single product. In this reaction, one of the reactants is usually a reactant that has been broken down into its individual components, such as sugar or monomers, while the other reactant is a molecule or a group of molecules that can combine with the individual components.
What is Combustion?
Combustion is a chemical reaction involving the rapid oxidation of a fuel with an oxidant, usually oxygen, to release energy in the form of heat and light.
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What type of reaction is copper and oxygen gas?
An oxidation-reduction process, commonly referred to as a redox reaction, is what happens when copper reacts with oxygen gas.
In this reaction, the oxygen gas (O2) acquires electrons to form negatively charged oxygen ions while the copper (Cu) loses electrons to become copper(II) oxide (CuO) (O2-). Copper and oxygen gas, when combined, form copper oxide. The reaction can be represented by the chemical equation: 2Cu + O2 -> 2CuO. This reaction typically occurs at high temperatures, such as those produced by a flame. Copper oxide is a black powder and is commonly used in ceramics and as a fungicide.
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Is silver and oxygen ionic?
Yes, Silver and oxygen do have an ionic bond.
What kind of bond do silver and oxygen form?While oxygen has six electrons in its outermost shell, silver only has one valence electron. The transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal results in the formation of lonic bonds. When an atom completes the octet and the outermost shell, it becomes the most stable. This occurs when the outermost shell's theirs and p subshells have all eight electrons, creating a full octet. Since silver only has one valence electron, it must give up that electron and give it to oxygen in order to become stable. Since oxygen has 6 valence electrons, it requires 2 more electrons to complete its octet in order to become stable. Since each silver atom contributes one electron and each oxygen atom requires two, an ionic bond requires two silver atoms. Ag will become cation (Ag+), and Oxygen will become an anion (O2-), forming an ionic connection as a result of the electrostatic attraction between the two oppositely charged ions in the ionic compound (Ag2O2).
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What is the main difference between protons and neutrons? Group of answer choices Protons make up the nucleus, but neutrons orbit around the nucleus. Protons have an electrical charge, but neutrons have no charge. Protons have a much smaller mass than neutrons. Protons have a much larger volume than neutrons.
Protons and neutrons are both subatomic particles that make up the nucleus of an atom. The main difference between the two is their electrical charge. Protons have a positive charge, while neutrons have no charge (they are neutral). The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is called the atomic number, and this number determines the element to which the atom belongs. The number of protons and neutrons together is called the atomic mass, which determines the isotope of an element.
Another difference is the mass, protons have a slightly less mass than neutrons. Protons have a mass of about 1 atomic mass unit (amu), while neutrons have a mass of about 1.008 amu.
In terms of their behavior and interactions, protons and neutrons also have different properties. Protons, because of their positive charge, are affected by electromagnetic forces, while neutrons are affected by the strong nuclear force. Because of this, protons are more likely to interact with other particles, while neutrons tend to remain in the nucleus.
In summary, protons and neutrons are both subatomic particles that make up the nucleus of an atom. The main difference between the two is their charge, protons are positively charged while neutrons are neutral. They also have different mass and behavior due to the forces that affect them.
As this reaction takes place at higher temperatures, it is observed that the equilibrium shifts toward the products. The reaction is _______.
As this reaction takes place at higher temperatures, it is observed that the equilibrium shifts toward the products. The reaction is an endothermic reaction.
What is endothermic reaction ?The term endothermic reaction defined as when the reactants take in heat energy from their environment to create products. These reactions produce a cooling effect by bringing the temperature of the space around them down.
Heat is released during an exothermic reaction, raising the temperature of the immediate environment. The environment is cooled through an endothermic process that absorbs heat.
Thus, As this reaction takes place at higher temperatures, it is observed that the equilibrium shifts toward the products. The reaction is an endothermic reaction.
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Density of a piece of ebony wood is 1. 174 g/ml. What is the volume in quarts of a 2. 1549 lb piece of this ebony wood?
The volume of a 2.1549 lb piece of ebony wood is approximately 0.879619 quart.
To find the volume of a 2.1549 lb piece of ebony wood with a density of 1.174 g/ml, we first need to convert the weight from pounds to grams. This is done by multiplying the weight in pounds by 453.59 (1 lb = 453.59 g).
2.1549 lbs * 453.59 g/lb = 981.310091 grams
Next, we can use the density formula to calculate the volume:
Volume = Mass / Density
So, Volume = 981.310091 g / 1.174 g/ml = 837.7 ml
To convert milliliter to quart we can use the conversion factor of 1 quart = 946.352946 ml
So, 837.7 ml / 946.352946 ml/quart = 0.879619 quart
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explain why water (H2O) is a liquid at room temperature while carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are gasses at room temperature.
Water (H2O) is a liquid at room temperature while carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are gasses at room temperature because hydrogen bonds are stronger than dispersion forces, water is a liquid as particles are held close to each other.
What are dispersion forces ?The term dispersion forces are defined as temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms contain positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles.
In case of water and carbon dioxide, water has stronger intermolecular bonds (hydrogen bonds) than carbon dioxide (London dispersion forces).
Because hydrogen bonds are stronger than dispersion forces, water is a liquid as particles are hold close to each other, and methane is a gas.
Thus, hydrogen bonds are stronger than dispersion forces, water is a liquid as particles are held close to each other.
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Which atom or ion will have the larger radius?
Na+ or K+
K+ or Ca2+
F- or Cl-
F- or F
(no “a, b, c, d” answer)
Among the following ions the k+ ion have the largest radius.
what was radius called ?
The radius of a monatomic ion in an ionic crystal structure, denoted by the symbol rion. Although neither atoms nor ions have clear boundaries, they are regarded as if they were hard spheres with radii such that the sum of the cation and anion ionic radii yields the distance between the ions in a crystal lattice. Ionic radii are commonly expressed in picometers (pm) or angstroms (), with 1 = 100 pm. The typical range is from 31 pm (0.3) to over 200 pm (2).
The notion may be extended to solvated ions in liquid solutions by taking the solvation shell into account.
Among the following ions the k+ ion have the largest radius.
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