Given that the initial rate constant is 0.0110s−1 at an initial temperature of 21 ∘C , what would the rate constant be at a temperature of 150. ∘C for the same reaction described in Part A?

Part A said: The activation energy of a certain reaction is 45.5 kJ/mol . At 21 ∘C , the rate constant is 0.0110s−1 . At what temperature in degrees Celsius would this reaction go twice as fast?
T2= 32 degrees

The Old Way

If the peaks matched those of known impurities, they could use the intensities to calculate the purity of the ester.

IR-spectroscopy is perhaps the most frequently used technique in the organic chemistry labs at PSU. It is routinely used to identify products and to verify that an experiment has succeeded.

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The equation that best represents the addition of potassium sulfate to water is [tex]K_2SO_4(s) -- > 2 K^+ (aq) + SO4^{2-} (aq)[/tex]

When potassium sulfate is dissolved in water, it dissociates into its cation and anion according to the following equation:

[tex]K_2SO_4(s) -- > 2 K^+ (aq) + SO4^{2-} (aq)[/tex]

The positive ions are 2 moles of potassium ions while the negative ion is a mole of sulfate ion.

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Answer:

This is an example of an exothermic reaction.

Explanation:

When the heat of combustion is negative, the reaction is exothermic. This means the reaction releases heat as a product.

Explanation:

However if the two atoms have different affinities for electrons, or electronegativities, then the electrons are more likely to be found closer to the more electronegative atom. In this case, the more electronegative atom gains a partial negative charge, while the less electronegative atom becomes partially positive.

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the strength of the solution formed is 3.8.

The amount of solute dissolved in grammes per litre of the solution is used to determine the solution's strength. It stands for the solution's potency or concentration. It uses grammes per litre of expression.

Concentration of NaOH = 19 M

Initial volume of NaOH = 25 mL= 0.025 L

Moles of NaOH = 19*0.025

                        = 0.475 moles

Final volume of NaOH solution = 5 L

Final concentration = 0.475/5

                              = 0.095 M

so, the strength is 19/5

                            = 3.8

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Empirical formula and Molecular formula:

Vanillin has the empirical formula C₈H₈O₃ and the molecular formula  C₈H₈O₃, they both are same.

What is Vanillin?

C, H, and O are present in this compound,

Mass percent composition = Divide by their atomic mass

C = 63.15/12.0107 = 5.2578

H = 5.30/1.0079 = 5.2582

O = 31.55/16 = 1.9719  

Thus, the ratio of

carbon         :   hydrogen        :  oxygen

5.257811784 : 5.258249499 : 1.97199825

division of all numbers by the smallest we get,

2.666235523 : 2.666457488 : 1

further dividing it by 3 we get,

7.998706568 : 7.999372463 : 3

thus the ratio becomes 8:8:3

Therefore, the empirical formula is C₈H₈O₃

Empirical formula mass = (12x8) + (1x8) + (16x3)

                                       = 96 + 8 + 48

                                       = 152

n = Molecular mass of Vanillin/ Empirical formula mass

  = 152.15/152

  = 1.0009  

Since the n-value is near to 1 thus the molecular formula will also be the same.

Therefore the molecular formula = C₈H₈O₃

Note: Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was Vanillin the flavoring agent in vanilla has a mass percent composition of 63.15 per h ,31.55per o and 5.30%H. determine the empirical formula and molecular formula if molecular mass of vanillin is 152.15 g/mol

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Galaxies is not the part of the Solar system.

Hence, Option B is correct answer.

Solar System is made up of all the planets that revolve around our Sun. Solar System contains eight planets. These planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

Now lets check all options one by one

Option (A): Jovian Planets

Outer planets are called Jovian planets. These planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. So Jovian Planets are part of the Solar System.

Hence, Option A is incorrect.

Option (B): Galaxies

Galaxy has a black hole at its center. It is a huge collection of dust, billions of star and gas. So galaxies are not a part of the Solar system.

Hence, Option B is incorrect.

Option (C): Terrestrial Planets

Innermost planets in solar system are Terrestrial planets. These planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. So Terrestrial planets are part of the Solar system.

Hence, Option C is incorrect.

Option (D): Sun

The Sun is the part of the Solar system as it is the only star in our Solar system. Sun is the center of our Solar system.

Hence, Option D is incorrect.

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Galaxies is not the part of the Solar system.

Hence, Option B is correct answer.

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When 10.0 g of sodium react with 10 g of chlorine gas according to the equation, the mass of sodium chloride produced is 25.4 g.

The mass of sodium chloride produced in the given reaction is calculated as follows;

2Na + Cl2 = 2Nacl

In the reaction above;

2(23 gram of sodium) -------------------- 2(58.44 g of sodium chloride)

10 g of sodium -------------------------- ? mass of sodium chloride

46 g of Na ----------------------------116.88 g of NaCl

10 g of Na ---------------------------- ? NaCl

= (10 x 116.88)/46

= 25.4 g

Thus,  when 10.0 g of sodium react with 10 g of chlorine gas according to the equation, the mass of sodium chloride produced is 25.4 g.

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The number of atoms in one unit cell with one atom at each corner, one atom on 8 of the edges, and one atom on 6 of the faces are 4.6atoms.

There is one atom at each corner and there are 8 corners in a unit cell, so there is one atom in each of the eight corners.

Therefore, the number of atom from corners = 1 x 1/8 = 1atom

There are 12 edges, since there are one atom on 8 of the edges the number of atom = 1 x 8/12 = 0.6atom

There is one atom at each face and there are 6 faces in a unit cell, each atom shares two face.

Therefore, the number of atoms on face = 2 x 1/6 = 3

Total number of atoms in one unit cell = 1 + 0.6 + 3 = 4.6atoms

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For Lead (II) Nitrate + Potassium Iodide → Lead (II) Iodide + Potassium                                                                                                           Nitrate , The balanced equation is [tex]Pb(NO_{3})_{2}[/tex] + 2KI ----->  [tex]PbI_{2}[/tex] + 2 [tex]KNO_{3}[/tex]

We must first convert from a word equation to a symbol equation:

Lead (II) Nitrate + Potassium Iodide → Lead (II) Iodide + Potassium

                                                                                              Nitrate

The lead (II) ion is represented as [tex]Pb^{2+}[/tex] and nitrate ion as [tex]NO_{3} ^{-}[/tex]

We need two nitrate ions per lead (II) ion,  so lead (II) nitrate is [tex]Pb(NO_{3})_{2}[/tex]

The potassium iodide is simply KI

In lead (II) iodide, the charges balance in a  1:2 ratio, so it is [tex]PbI_{2}[/tex]

And, potassium nitrate is simply [tex]KNO_{3}[/tex]

So, The symbol equation is as follows:

[tex]Pb(NO_{3})_{2}[/tex] + KI ----->  [tex]PbI_{2}[/tex] + [tex]KNO_{3}[/tex]

Now, increase the number of nitrate ions on the right hand side of the equation as:

[tex]Pb(NO_{3})_{2}[/tex] + KI ----->  [tex]PbI_{2}[/tex] + 2 [tex]KNO_{3}[/tex]

Now, balance the potassium ions on each side of the equation as:

[tex]Pb(NO_{3})_{2}[/tex] + 2KI ----->  [tex]PbI_{2}[/tex] + 2 [tex]KNO_{3}[/tex]

Hence, the balanced equation is ;

[tex]Pb(NO_{3})_{2}[/tex] + 2KI ----->  [tex]PbI_{2}[/tex] + 2 [tex]KNO_{3}[/tex]

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A hydrogen bond occurs between a hydrogen from one molecule and an oxygen from another molecule. Option D

The hydrogen bond is one that is responsible for association in molecules. It occurs when hydrogen is covalently bonded to a highly electronegative element such as oxygen, nitrogen or Sulphur.

Thus, a hydrogen bond occurs between a hydrogen from one molecule and an oxygen from another molecule. Option D

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Based on the calculations, the enthalpy of the overall chemical reaction is equal to: C. -14.3 kJ.

A chemical reaction can be defined as a chemical process that involves the continuous transformation (rearrangement) of the ionic, atomic or molecular structure of a chemical element by breaking down and forming chemical bonds, in order to produce a new chemical compound while new bonds are formed.

A chemical equation can be defined as a group of chemical symbols that is typically used in chemistry to represent the chemical reaction between two (2) or more chemical elements.

Mathematically, an expression for enthalpy of the overall chemical reaction is given by:

ΔHrxn = (n × ΔH₃) + (-n × ΔH₁) + (n × ΔH₂)

Where:

n represents the number of moles.

Substituting the given points into the formula, we have;

ΔHrxn = (2 × ΔH₃) + (-1 × ΔH₁) + (1 × ΔH₂)

ΔHrxn = (2 × (-92.3)) + (-1 × (-74.6)) + (1 × (-95.7))

ΔHrxn = -184.6 + 74.6 + 95.7

ΔHrxn = -14.3 kJ.

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Yes, it will be worthwhile to investigate finding a catalyst to use in this reaction under standard conditions because it is negative.

This is a substance which speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy.

ΔG being negative indicates a a slow reaction which is why a catalyst under standard conditions should be used.

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The answer is 58.4 g of H₃PO₄

Given that mass of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ is 153g

mass of H₂SO₄ is 87.6g

We need to calculate the mass of H₃PO₄

So the balanced chemical reaction is

Ca₃(PO₄)₂  +  3H₂SO₄  ⇒   3CaSO₄  +  2H₃PO₄

Let us calculate the molar mass of the reactants

Ca₃(PO₄)₂ = (3 x 40) + (2 x 31) + (8 x 16)

= 120 + 62 + 128

= 310 g

H₂SO₄ = (1 x 2) + (32 x 1) + (16 x 4)

= 2 + 32 + 64

= 98 g

Now let us calculate the limiting reactant

The Theoretical Yield =  Ca₃(PO₄)₂ / H₂SO₄

= 310 / 3(98)

= 1.05

The Experimental yield

Ca₃(PO₄)₂ / H₂SO₄

= 153 / 87.6 = 1.74

Because the observed percentage was more than the predicted proportion, H2SO4 is the limiting reactant.

Let us Calculate the molar mass of H₃PO₄

H₃PO₄ = (1 x 3) + (31 x 1) + (16 x 4)

= 3 + 31 + 64

= 98 g

Now Calculate the mass of H₃PO₄

3(98) g of H₂SO₄ ------------------ 2(98) g of H₃PO₄

87.6 g of H₂SO₄ ------------------  x

x = ( 87.6 x 2 x 98) / (3 x 98)

x = 17169.6 / 294

x = 58.4g of H₃PO₄

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Answer:

ρHNO₃= 1.51 g/cm3

ρ = m/V

m = ρ x V

m = (1.51 g/cm3)(2 cm3)= 3.02 g de HNO₃

n = m/PM = 3.02 g/63.01 g/mol = 0.0479 mol de HNO₃

Explanation:

2 mL of concentrated nitric acid equals 0.0479 mol

6 moles of e-  are transferred when the two half-reactions shown below are combined to generate the spontaneous reaction with the lowest possible integer coefficients

A spontaneous reaction is one that favors the creation of products under the reaction's current conditions. A bonfire that is raging and exothermic is an illustration of a spontaneous reaction (there is a decrease in the energy of the system as energy is released to the surroundings as heat)

A redox reaction's oxidation or reduction reaction component is known as a half-reaction (or half-cell reaction). By taking into account the shift in oxidation states of the many chemicals participating in the redox reaction, a half-reaction is obtained. At each electrode, there are two chemical reactions taking on in the cell. Half-reactions are what we refer to as. An oxidation reaction that releases electrons occurs at the anode.

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Answer:

2.04 x 10⁻⁶ moles H₂O

Explanation:

To find the moles H₂O, you need to multiply the given value by Avogadro's Number. This number is a ratio between molecules and moles, thus granting you the way to convert between both units. It is important to arrange the ratio in a way that allows for the cancellation of units. The final answer should have 3 sig figs to match the sig figs of the given value (1.23 x 10¹⁸ molecules).

Avogadro's Number:

6.022 x 10²³ molecules = 1 mole

1.23 x 10¹⁸ molecules H₂O                     1 mole
---------------------------------------  x  -------------------------------------  =  
                                                    6.022 x 10²³ molecules

=  2.04 x 10⁻⁶ moles H₂O

The name of pb(no3)2 is Lead(II) nitrate.

pb(no3)2 is an ionic compound.

How to name ionic compound?

Name of pb(no3)2:

The charge of nitrate ion NO3 is -1. To find the charge of lead, we'll take it as x. Hence,

x+2(-1)=0

x=2

The charge of lead cation in this ionic compound is calculated as +2.

Therefore the name of pb(no3)2 is confirmed as Lead(II) Nitrate.

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NO is a stable compound

The octet rule describes an atom's propensity to favor eight electrons in its valence shell. Atoms with fewer than eight electrons are more likely to interact with one another and create a more stable compound.

The majority of other odd-electron molecules, including NO, are highly chemically reactive and stable compounds. The second breach of the octet rule is the presence of molecules lacking electrons. Less than eight electrons are positioned around each atom in these stable compounds.

The overall molecular orbital arrangement of NO will be as follows, nitrogen has 7 electrons and oxygen has 8 electrons, according to the molecular orbital theory.

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Hydrochloric acid is a different kind of acid than chloric acid.

Ternary Acids (Oxy-acids) Ternary acids are also referred to as “Oxy-acids. Include hydrogen and oxygen and yet another (normally) nonmetallic detail. Those acids comprise each hydrogen and oxygen but their names make no reference to either hydrogen or oxygen.

A ternary acid is an acid that has the elements hydrogen and oxygen together with every other element, frequently a nonmetal. Or, they comprise hydrogen in addition to a polyatomic ion. An -ate complicated ion is named an -ic acid. as an example, HClO3(aq) consists of the chlorate ion and is known as chloric acid.

A binary acid is an acidic compound that always has hydrogen boned to every other chemical element, most of the time a nonmetal. Ternary acids are acidic compounds that comprise hydrogen and oxygen blended with some other detail. Binary acid has one style of a chemical element (hydrogen bonded to a nonmetal) .

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Glucose becomes a better leaving group.

In a manner similar to how protonation of an alcohol makes it easier to substitute a -OH group, glucose becomes a better leaving group when the oxygen atom is protonated.

A substance that releases or donates hydrogen ions during a chemical reaction is referred to as a Bronsted-Lowry acid. A Bronsted-Lowry base, on the other hand, takes hydrogen ions. Another way to look at it is that a base accepts protons whereas a Bronsted-Lowry acid donates them. Amphoteric species are those that, depending on the circumstance, can either give or take protons.

Every Bronsted-Lowry acid gives a species that is its conjugate base a proton in exchange for the species' support. Each base in the Bronsted-Lowry system similarly accepts a proton from its conjugate acid.

I understand the question you are looking for is this:

For what mechanistic reason does G1 of lactase first act as a Bronsted acid during catalysis?

A) G1 becomes a better nucleophile

B) G2 becomes a better nucleophile

C) Glucose becomes a better leaving group.

D) Galactose becomes a better leaving group.

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In modern times the highest concentration of [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] measured in the earth's atmosphere is 400 ppm.

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The order of the students from the most reliable to the least reliable is C. Student 4, Student 1, Student 2, Student 3.

the student with the most reliable data is the one that has the least variation in their data in the various trials.

this student is therefore student 4.

the next student would be student 1 and student 2 would be the third most reliable.

student 3 has large variations in their trials which makes their data the least reliable.

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From the stoichiometry of the reaction, carbon is in excess and 5.856 g s left over.

The reaction can be written as; 4C(s) + 5H2(g) -----> C4H10(g)

Number of moles of C =  13.45 g/1 2g/mol = 1.12 moles

If 1 mole of hydrogen occupies 22.4 L

x moles of hydrogen occupies  17.65 L

x = 0.79 moles

Now;

4 moles of carbon reacts with 5 moles of hydrogen

1.12 moles of carbon reacts with  1.12 moles * 5 moles/4 moles

= 1.4 moles of hydrogen

Hence hydrogen is the limiting reactant here and carbon is in excess.

If 4 moles of carbon reacts with 5 moles of hydrogen

x moles of carbon reacts with 0.79 moles of hydrogen

x = 0.632 moles

Number of moles of carbon unreacted =  1.12 moles -  0.632 moles

= 0.488 moles

Mass of carbon unreacted = 0.488 moles * 12 g/mol

= 5.856 g

Volume of butane produced is obtained from;

5 moles of hydrogen produces 1 mole of butane

0.79 moles of hydrogen produces 0.79 moles *  1 mole/ 5 moles

= 0.158 moles

1 mole of butane occupies 22.4 L

0.158 moles of butane occupies 0.158 moles * 22.4 L/ 1 mole

= 3.53 L

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Answer:

the effect of leaving the following substances in humid air is

ii) sulphate

Organic chemistry is defined as the study of compounds containing carbon element .

In an organic chemistry, we study about structure, properties , composition, reaction and preparation of carbon congaing compounds.The organic compound is contains mainly carbon and hydrogen and other elements. The other elements in organic compounds are nitrogen, oxygen,sulfur, phosphorus, halogen and etc.

Organic chemistry is also refer as carbon chemistry .The carbon element is important because it is center elements of living organism and it is very basic for all live in the earth. By studying about organic chemistry , scientist get to know about human body and living organism.

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Two optical isomers can form:

An equimolar mixture of two optical isomers is called a racemic mixture.

What is a Racemic mixture?

An equimolar mixture of two enantiomers that is optically inactive is known as a racemic mixture (or racemate) (i.e. does not rotate plane-polarized light).

The racemic mixture can be created by:

The light that is plane-polarized does not spin in an optically inactive mixture.

Since each enantiomer rotates plane-polarized light to an equal and opposite extent, an equimolar mixture of two enantiomers will typically result in a racemic mixture. There won't be any net rotation if they are both present in equal proportions.

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Answer:

B.) Na₂SO₄

Explanation:

Covalent bonds are bonds which involve electrons being shared between two atoms. These bonds only occur between nonmetals.

Ionic bonds are bonds which involve electrons being given or taken by two atoms. These bonds form between a metal and a nonmetal.

NH₃ contains nitrogen and hydrogen, two nonmetals. Therefore, this molecule only contains covalent bonds.

Na₂SO₄ has both covalent and ionic bonds. The covalent bonds are found within the polyatomic ion, SO₄²⁻. Sulfur and oxygen are both nonmetals, thus covalently combining. The ionic bond forms between the  Na⁺ and SO₄²⁻. Sodium (Na) is a metal which wishes to give up electrons to have a complete octet. SO₄²⁻ serves as the anion which it bonds with.

CH₃COOH contains hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. All of these are nonmetals, thus the only bonds formed are covalent.

NaCl contains sodium, a metal, and chlorine, a nonmetal. Therefore, this compound is held together by an ionic bond.

Answer:

A.

Explanation:

The density of each element represents the mass (grams) per every 1 milliliter Therefore, if each coin is 2 milliliters, you need to divide the given mass by 2.

21.94 grams / 2 mL = 10.97 grams / 1 mL

This matches the density of silver.