HELP PLEASE!!!!!


2. To test for the presence of substance X, a lab assistant,
Alex, treats a sample of the material with hydrochloric acid.
Bubbles of carbon dioxide gas are observed and collected
during the test reaction. Write a balanced chemical equation
for the reaction.

3. Another lab assistant, Jess, disagrees with Alex, and treats
a sample of substance X with sodium hydroxide. One of the
products of this reaction is a compound called milk of lime
(found to be only slightly soluble in water). Write a balanced
chemical equation and identify the type of reaction taking
place.

4. Which lab assistant is performing a valid test for substance
X? Explain your answer, including a prediction of what would
be observed during a positive test. HINT: Research what is the
valid test for substance X. At this point you should know the
identity of substance X (you found it in Question #1).
62%

The term would be partial pressure.

The partial pressure of a gas refers to the amount of pressure contributed by the gas to the overall pressure of a non-reacting gas mixture.

For example, if a gas is formed from a mixture of two gases A and B. The pressure of the gas would be the sum of the pressure of A and that of B. The pressures that A and B contribute to the overall pressure of the gas are called the partial pressures of A and B respectively.

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Answer:

solvent

Explanation:

Water dissolves the substances, which become the solutes in the solution.

Two-thirds of a bone's weight is composed of calcium phosphate which interacts with calcium hydroxide to form crystals of hydroxyapatite

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Nitrogen gas reacts with oxygen gas to form dinitrogen tetroxide. When the equation is written and balanced, the sum of the coefficients is 3.

By catalytically oxidizing ammonia, nitrogen tetroxide is produced; steam is employed as a diluent to lower the combustion temperature. The ammonia is converted into nitric oxide in the initial step:

 4 NH3 + 5O2   →    6 H2O  + 4 NO

The gases are further cooled and the majority of the water is condensed; the created nitric oxide is then converted to nitrogen dioxide, which is dimerized into nitrogen tetroxide:

2 NO + O2 →2 NO2

2 NO2 ⇌ N2O4

Dinitrogen tetroxide is the chemical molecule N2O4, also known as nitrogen tetroxide (NTO) and occasionally amyl (typically among ex-USSR/Russian rocket engineers). It is a helpful reagent in the synthesis of chemicals. It and nitrogen dioxide combine to form an equilibrium combination. It has a 92.011 g/mol molar mass.

Dinitrogen tetroxide is a potent oxidizer that spontaneously reacts when it comes into touch with different types of hydrazine, making it the two popular bipropellants for rockets.

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The product that is used on the natural nail prior to application to assist in adhesion and serves to chemically bond the enhancement product to the natural nail is known as nail primer.

A nail primer is a chemical agent used in esthetic centers before applying a colored polish to the nails and serves as an adhesive product.

The nail primers are also very useful for improving the cleaning efficiency of the product before its application.

Nail care products include different types of chemical formulations such as, for example, creams that reinvigorate the cuticle.

In conclusion, the chemical formulation employed on the natural nail that is capable of enhancing and also assisting adhesion is called the nail primer.

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strength in milligrams is 0.3mg

Mass of the solute in grams/Volume of the solution in litres equals the strength of the solution. The overall formula must be multiplied by 1000 if the volume is measured in millilitres (mL). The concentration of the solution, measured in grammes per litre, can be used to determine the solution's strength.

Molarity -  The moles of solute per litre of solution is measured as molarity. For instance, when table salt is dissolved in water, water serves as both the solution and the solute. Sodium chloride weights 58.44 grammes per mole. One molar solution, or 1M, is created by dissolving 58.44 grammes of sodium chloride in one litre of water.

Relation between Molarity and Strength?

The volume of solute in one litre of a solution determines its strength. As a result, a solution's strength is calculated by multiplying its molecular mass by its molarity.

1 grain = 64.8 milligrams.

1/200 grains = 64.8/200

                     = 0.3mg

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A diprotic acid is titrated with a strong base. The pH at the first half-equivalence point is 3.27. The pH at the second half-equivalence point is 8.53. The value of ka2 is 27.89.

pH is used to measure whether the substance is acidic, basic or neutral and the range is 0-14. If the pH is less than 7 then the solution is acidic in nature. if the pH is more than 7 then the solution is basic in solution. If the pH is equal to 7 then the solution is neutral in nature.

To find the polyprotic value

[tex]K_{a_2}[/tex] = pH of first half equivalence point × pH of second half equivalence point

[tex]K_{a_2}[/tex] = 3.27 × 8.53

      = 27.89

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that A diprotic acid is titrated with a strong base. The pH at the first half-equivalence point is 3.27. The pH at the second half-equivalence point is 8.53. The value of ka2 is 27.89.

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It is true that brittleness is a physical property that differs from one kind of material to another.

Physical qualities of a substance are those that can be seen without changing the substance's identity.

If a material splits under stress with low elastic deformation and little to no substantial plastic deformation, it is considered brittle.

Brittleness is a physical property as it alters the shape of the substance but not the identity of substance.

For example - the brittleness of chalk is different than the brittleness of glass. Thus we can say that the brittleness of chalk's material is different than the  brittleness of glass's material.

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Answer:

2.2 x 10⁻³⁴ J

      or

2.2 x 10⁻¹⁸ J

Explanation:

You can calculate the energy using the photon energy equation:

E = hc / λ

In this equation,

-----> E = energy (J)

-----> h = Planck's Constant (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J*s)

-----> c = speed of light (3.0 x 10⁸ m/s)

-----> λ = wavelength (m)

You can plug the given wavelength, along with the other constants, into the equation and simplify to find the energy.

E = hc / λ

E = (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J*s)(3.0 x 10⁸ m/s) / (9 x 10⁸ m)

E = 2.2 x 10⁻³⁴ J

I suspect that you may have forgotten the negative sign in front of the 8 (9 x 10⁻⁸). This would change your answer to 2.2 x 10⁻¹⁸ J.

Answer:

The synthesis of zeolite-supported Mo carbide species was studied by testing different reduction/carburization conditions applied to a zeolite-supported Mo oxide catalyst, with the aim to find the optimized treatment conditions necessary to form stable supported Mo carbide catalysts ex situ for application in methane dehydroaromatization reaction. Four types of treatment were performed and studied using temperature-programmed reduction and carburization profiles: (1) heating the catalyst in a reducing gas, H2, up to reaction temperature and switching to CH4; (2) heating the catalyst in a reducing gas, H2, mixed with dilute CH4; (3) heating the catalyst in CH4 up to reaction temperature; and (4) heating the catalyst in an inert gas (commonly He) up to reaction temperature and then switching to CH4 or to H2 followed by CH4 or to H2/CH4 mixture. Each of these processes were stopped at intermediate points to analyze the phases that were present in order to identify the structural evolution of the supported Mo carbides that originate from the supported Mo oxides. Once the supported carbides were formed, they were quenched under the same gas mixture, and then they were each tested in methane dehydroaromatization via previous heating to reaction temperature in He flow. Despite all of them showing only presence of Mo2C species on HZSM-5, the catalytic properties were dramatically different. Catalysts treated in H2 or CH4/H2 showed remarkably higher stability. These catalysts exhibited a higher Mo dispersion and thus exposure on the active surface.

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The amino acid and which atom which has most to do with myoglobin’s ability to bind o2 is histidine and haemoglobin respectively

Amino acids simply refers to those molecular substances which combine together to form proteins. However, they are the end products of protein digestion

So therefore, the amino acid and which atom which has most to do with myoglobin’s ability to bind o2 is histidine and haemoglobin respectively

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A mixture of water and acetone boils at 1.25 atm will boil at 348.15K. Given the vapor pressure of acetone (1.58 atm) and water(0.312 atm). 5.06 is the composition of the solution in terms of mole fraction of each chemical present.

Raoult's Law is a nonvolatile solute lowers the vapour pressure of the solvent.

It is expressed as:

[tex]P_{\text{soln}} = x_{\text{solvent}} P_{\text{solvent}}[/tex]

where,

[tex]P_{\text{sol}[/tex] = vapor pressure of the solution

[tex]x_{\text{solvent}}[/tex] = mole fraction of the solvent

[tex]P_{\text{solvent}}[/tex] = vapor pressure of the pure solvent

Now put the values in above expression, we get

[tex]P_{\text{soln}} = x_{\text{solvent}} P_{\text{solvent}}[/tex]

[tex]x_{\text{solvent}} = \frac{P_{\text{soln}}}{P_{\text{solvent}}}[/tex]

            [tex]= \frac{1.58}{0.312}[/tex]

            = 5.06

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that A mixture of water and acetone boils at 1.25 atm will boil at 348.15K. Given the vapor pressure of acetone (1.58 atm) and water(0.312 atm). 5.06 is the composition of the solution in terms of mole fraction of each chemical present.

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In a voltaic cell, a salt bridge is needed to allow the motion of ions between the terminals. In the salt bridge, anions move toward the anode and cations move toward the cathode.

A voltaic cell is an electrochemical device that harnesses the power of a chemical process to generate electrical energy. A voltaic cell's key components are:

When an electrode is dipped into the electrolyte at the electrode and electrolyte contact surface in a voltaic cell, the electrode's atoms tend to produce positive ions in the electrolytic solution while leaving the electrode's electrons unaffected. The electrode thus acquires a negative charge.

Additionally, the electrolytic solution's positive ions have a propensity to deposit on the electrode, giving it a positive charge. The electrodes get positively or negatively charged in relation to the electrolyte as a result of the two opposite processes. As a result, there is a potential difference between the electrode and electrolyte. The term "electrode potential" refers to this potential difference.

Now, the electrode where reduction occurs is known as the cathode and turns positive in relation to the electrolytic solution, whereas the electrode where oxidation occurs is known as the anode and has a negative potential in relation to the electrolytic solution. This caused a potential difference to form between the voltaic cell's two electrodes. Cell Potential is the name given to this potential differential.

The voltaic cell's potential is sometimes referred to as its electromotive force (EMF) when no current is being drawn from it. Electrons begin to flow from the anode (negative electrode) to the cathode when an external circuit is connected to the voltaic cell (positive electrode). As a result, in the external circuit, the normal current flows from the positive terminal to the negative terminal.

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In an aqueous solution containing Mn(II) and Mn (IV) salts, Mn (IV) cation is expected to be the more strongly hydrated.

A chemical event called hydration occurs when two substances interact with water. Since Mn (IV) has a stronger cation with a +4 charge than Mn (II), it will draw more oxygen ions from the Mn(II) in aqueous solution. Mn(IV) will consequently be more intensely hydrated.

Another reason for this is that Mn(IV) ions are often smaller than ions. Now, if we take a look at the element that significantly influences hydration, it is ion size. Therefore, the ion will be more hydrated if it is smaller.

So, In an aqueous solution containing Mn(II) and Mn (IV) salts, Mn (IV) cation is expected to be the more strongly hydrated.

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The new temperature (in °C) of the gas, given the data is –148.20 °C

The new temperature of the gas can be obtained by using the combined gas equation as illustrated below:

P₁V₁ / T₁ = P₂V₂ / T₂

Since the volume is constant, we have:

P₁ / T₁ = P₂ / T₂

349.84 / 422.05 = 103.45 / T₂

Cross multiply

349.84 × T₂ = 103.45 × 422.05

Divide both side by 349.84

T₂ = (103.45 × 422.05) / 349.84

T₂ = 124.80 K

Subtract 273 from 124.80 K to express in degree celsius

T₂ = 124.80 – 273

T₂ = –148.20 °C

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Answer:

.5 gm / ml

Explanation:

Density is defined as   mass/ volume

  so   density of this substance is   5 gm / 10 ml =  .5  gm/ ml

The coordination number shows the number of ligands attached to the central metal.

The coordination number and the charge on the central metal in each of the complexes are shown below;

Na2[Zn(OH)4] - The coordination number of the complex is 4 and the charge on the central metal ion is +2.

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Dissolving sugar in water results in an increase in the entropy.

Hence, Option (D) is correct answer.

Measurement of randomness of a system is called entropy. It is an extensive property. It is a state function. Unit of entropy is JK⁻¹ mol⁻¹.

Now lets check all options one by one

Option (A): Freezing water

Freezing water decreases the entropy because here second law of thermodynamics does not violate.

So it is incorrect option

Option (B): Cooling water

Cooling water does not increases entropy because entropy increases when solid melts to give liquid.

So it is incorrect option

Option (C): Condensing water vapour

In Condensing water vapour the temperature of liquid phase decreases and thus kinetic energy decreases. The randomness will decrease and hence entropy will also decrease.

So it is incorrect option.

Option (D): Dissolving sugar in solute

In dissolving sugar in solute the solid dissociates to ions and  the randomness will increase and hence entropy will also increase.

So it is correct option

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Dissolving sugar in water results in an increase in the entropy.

Hence, Option (D) is correct answer.

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Answer:

0.086

Explanation:

A 5.2 molal aqueous solution of methyl alcohol indicates that 5.2 moles of methyl alcohol are present in 1 kilogram (or 1000 g) of water. Water has a molecular weight of 18 g/mol.

(100g)/18g/mol=55.56 mol

5.2 mol/(5.2mol+55.56 mol)=0.086

The molecular formula of dye:

A major textile dye manufacturer developed a new yellow dye with a molecular formula [tex]C_{15}N_{3}H_{15}[/tex].

Given:

Percentage composition:

C = 75.95%

N = 17.72%

H = 6.33%

Molar mass = 240 g

To find: molecular formula of dye

Calculation:

Let's assume the mass of the compound is 100 gm.

So,  Mass of C = 75.95 gm

Mass of N = 17.72 gm

Mass of H = 6.33 gm

The number of moles = given mass/mass

Therefore, the number of moles of C = 75.95/12 = 6.33

The number of moles of N = 17.72/14 = 1.27

Number of moles of H =6.33/1 = 6.33

Simplest ratio:

C = 6.33/1.27 = 4.98 =5

N = 1.27/1.27 = 1

H = 6.33/1.27 = 4.98 =5

Therefore, the empirical formula is [tex]C_{5}NH_{5}[/tex]

The mass of empirical formula = 12 x 5 + 14 + 1 x 5 = 79 gm

Number of moles= molar mass/ empirical formula

n = 240/79 = 3.04 =3

Therefore, molecular formula = empirical formula x n

Hence, molecular formula = [tex]C_{15}N_{3}H_{15}[/tex]

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A covalent bond is the exact number of bonded pairs of electrons in a compound

One electron is added by each atom to a pair of shared electrons in a single bond. While double bonds share only one pair of electrons, triple bonds share three pairs. Bonds with multiple covalent bonds exchange several electron pairs

Covalent bonding happens when atoms share electron pairs. Atoms join together through covalent bonds to form a full electron shell, which boosts stability. By sharing their outermost (valence) electrons, atoms can fill out their outer electron shell and become stable. Nonmetals will swiftly create covalent bonds with other nonmetals in order to achieve stability.

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Their fossilized shells formed these limestone rocks, which, like Gubbio's mountains, were once at the bottom of the ocean. Now exposed, they represent over a million years of a geological time period known as the Cretaceous.

Walter Alvarez found that forming a distinct boundary between the limestone of the two periods was a thin layer of red clay. Immediately below this clay boundary, the Cretaceous limestone was heavily populated with a wide mix of the fossils of tiny marine creatures called foraminifera, or “foram” for short.

On the Atlantic Coast, outside the town of Zumaia, Dutch geologist Jan Smit was studying the forams from a different ancient sea. Their fossilized shells formed these limestone rocks, which, like Gubbio's mountains, were once at the bottom of the ocean.

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Despite the fact that viruses and ambient bacteria found indoors could both be mesophiles, at 37 degrees Celsius, the temperature of the human body, pathogens would develop more quickly than environmental strains.

A virus would be an infectious submicroscopic creature that only reproduces inside of live cells.

Although bacteria may survive at higher and lower temperatures than humans, they thrive in an environment which really is warm, wet, protein-rich, and pH neutral as well as slightly acidic.

Therefore, Despite the fact that viruses and ambient bacteria found indoors could both be mesophiles, at 37 degrees Celsius, the temperature of the human body, pathogens would develop more quickly than environmental strains.

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Answer:

0.409 L

Explanation:

Because you are dealing with volume and temperature, you need to use the Charles' Law equation:

V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂

In this equation, "V₁" and "T₁" represent the initial volume and temperature. "V₂" and "T₂" represent the final volume and temperature.

V₁ = 5.18 L                            V₂ = ? L

T₁ = 76.0 °C                          T₂ = 6.0 °C

V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂                                           <----- Charles' Law equation

5.18 L / 76.0 °C = V₂ / 6.0 °C                     <----- Insert values

0.06815789 = V₂ / 6.0 °C                          <----- Simplify left side

0.409 L = V₂                                              <----- Multiply both sides by 6.0

The composition of a given pure compound is always the same no matter what the source of the compound.

A compound seems to be a substance that is entirely made of one kind of molecule.

Every component of compounds shares the same traits and features because of their homogenous makeup. However, because mixtures are composed of several sorts of chemicals, they frequently differ in terms of content, qualities, and samples.

Therefore, the composition of a given pure compound is always the same no matter what the source of the compound.

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Answer:

See below

Explanation:

It is melting the ice ( or other solid) at a constant temperature...the solid will absorb heat as it melts but remain at the same temp

Chemical changes are changes that alter the identity or the chemical composition of substances at the atomic level.

When a substance changes chemically, the identity of the substance changes.

In other words, chemical changes are changes that occur to substances such that the entire chemical properties of the substances change.

These changes happen at the atomic levels of substances. Sometimes, the changes can also be physical as well.

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Celcius to Kelvin

Temperature is defined as the degree or intensity of heat present in a substance It is measured using a thermometer and other equipment. The temperature can be measured in Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit.

Temperature is a physical quantity, thermometers. The units in which can be measured by Celcius, and Fahrenheit. Temperature is measured can be Kelvin,

0° Celcius = 273 Kelvin

Celsius to Kelvin temperature conversion juan most likely to do

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance.

These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature, and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points).

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