How do proteins become embedded in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum?a. by splicing of proteins on either side of the ER membrane.b. via stop- and start-transfer sequences that stop and start translocation of a polypeptide through the ER membrane, resulting in transmembrane proteins.c. by post-translational import can results in a transmembrane ER protein.d. by protein chaperones that insert polypeptides into the ER membrane.e. via transit sequences that target polypeptides made in the cytosol for the ER membrane.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The correct answer is b.

Explanation:

The signal peptide acts as an initiator of the  transfer. Proteins whose first destination is the endoplasmic reticulum have a signal peptide at their amino terminal end that includes a sequence composed of 5 to 10 hydrophobic amino acids, which is recognized by a receptor of this organelle that opens a channel in its membrane allowing such proteins to can get through it. Most of these proteins will then continue their course towards the Golgi apparatus, but those that also have a certain sequence of four amino acids (-Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu-COOH) at their other end (carboxyl terminal) are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum as proteins of this organelle. The transfer stop peptide anchors the protein on the membrane after the ER signal peptide (transfer initiator) is released from the translocator and removed.


Related Questions

Why does the word antibiotic suggest that these medications would be ineffective against viruses?

Answers

Answer:

antibiotics target bacteria

Answer:

Viruses use host cells to do their bidding for them.

Explanation:

Viruses are different than bacteria, bacteria attacks the cells while the viruses move into them. Antivirals are used to combat viruses.

ASAP Which of the following Kingdoms cannot get energy from Photosynthesis? A. Eubacteria B. Fungi C. Protista D. Plantae

Answers

Answer:

Fungi.

Explanation:

Fungi doesn't contain any chlorophyll, a vital protein for photosynthesis

Histones are proteins associated with:________

Answers

what are the choices

How do genes have an additive effect in polygenic inheritance?

Answers

Answer:

The traits that are determined by polygenic inheritance are not an effect of dominance and recessivity, and do not exhibit complete dominance as in Mendelian Genetics, where one allele dominates another. Instead, polygenic traits exhibit incomplete dominance so the phenotype displayed in offspring is a mixture of the phenotypes displayed in the parents. Each of the genes that contributes to a polygenic trait has an equal influence and each of the alleles has an additive effect on the phenotype outcome. Hope this helps!

Explanation:

NEED HELP FAST!! Question 8(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points) (01.04 HC) A group of students performed an experiment to prove the law of conservation of energy. In the experiment, a flask containing water at room temperature was shaken vigorously for a few minutes. The table shows a partial record of the temperature of the water before and after shaking. Experimental Record Temperature Before Shaking 20 °C After Shaking Unknown What best predicts the unknown temperature? Less than 20 °C because the total energy of the system after shaking is lower Greater than 20 °C because the total energy of the system after shaking is higher Less than 20 °C, because the mechanical energy from shaking transforms to thermal energy Greater than 20 °C, because the mechanical energy from shaking transforms to thermal energy

Answers

Answer:

22 degrees

Explanation:

Answer: "Greater than 20 °C, because the mechanical energy from shaking transforms to thermal energy"

Explanation:

I took the test

why the image observed on the microscope is magnified and inverted​

Answers

The objective lens is positioned close to the object to be viewed. It forms an upside-down and magnified image called a real image because the light rays actually pass through the place where the image lies.

Answer:

because the objective lens positioned close to the object to be viewed. it forms an upside down and magnified image because the light rays actually pass through the place where the image lies.

:)

Explanation:

Earth’s rotation is slowing over time. Billions of years from now, it is expected that Earth will take 47 days to make one rotation instead of the current 24 hours. How might this change the temperatures on Earth?

Answers

Answer: Due to a transfer of Earth's rotational momentum to the Moon's orbital momentum as tidal friction slows the Earth's rotation. That increase in the Moon's speed is causing it to slowly recede from Earth (about 4 cm per year), increasing its orbital period and the length of a month as well. In orbital mechanics, a gain in speed results in a higher orbit. The slowing rotation of the Earth results in a longer day as well as a longer month. Once the length of a day equals the length of a month, the tidal friction mechanism will cease. That's been projected to happen once the day and month both equal about 47 days, billions of years in the future. If the Earth and Moon still exist, the Moon's distance will have increased to about 135% of its current value.

Primate communication can be compared to human communication in that:________.
a. primate communication is very simple and across all the species consists of only a handful of "meaningful" sounds; this is entirely different from human language.
b. although some primates have the ability to transmit meaning from one individual to another, this always happens within a species, never between species; this is similar to humans, since humans do not really understand other animals either.
c. many primates make sounds that seem to be labels for things, like specific food items or specific predators, but primate communication lacks nuance or complexity of any kind; this is unlike human language.
d. for at least some Old World monkeys and apes, communication seems to be very context dependent, and specific sounds can have different meanings by making small changes; this is like human language.

Answers

Answer:

b. although some primates have the ability to transmit meaning from one individual to another, this always happens within a species, never between species; this is similar to humans, since humans do not really understand other animals either.

Explanation:

Transmission of information or message often takes place between species of same kind.

Human can better understand the language, sounds, signs made by fellow human and not sounds from other species of animals or other organism, this is because language or system of communication is attached to a particular domain or organism of a species. Birds communicate differently from a Goat, human does likewise from other primates.

The system of communication is used to a particular locality and if not learned it is not understandable by another species of organism.

Primate communication can be compared to human communication in that for at least some Old World monkeys and apes, communication seems to be very context-dependent, and specific sounds can have different meanings by making small changes; this is like human language.

Primates use a variety of communication channels, including vocalizations, gestures, and facial expressions. These channels can be used to convey a wide range of information, including the location of food, the presence of danger, and the emotional state of the individual.

In some primates, communication seems to be very context-dependent. This means that the meaning of a particular vocalization or gesture can vary depending on the context in which it is used.

For example, a chimpanzee's "pant-hoot" vocalization can be used to greet another chimpanzee, warn of danger, or to initiate a sexual encounter.

Human language is also context-dependent. This is why we can use the same word to mean different things in different contexts. For example, the word "bank" can refer to a financial institution, a riverbank, or a slope.

The ability to use context to convey meaning is a key feature of human language. It is also a feature of the communication of some primates, which suggests that this ability may have evolved early in the history of the primates.

To know more about Primates:

https://brainly.com/question/32011223

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What is the pigment inside of a leaf that makes it green and absorbs sunlight?

Answers

Answer:

Chlorophyll

Explanation:

Answer:

chlorophyll

Green plants have the ability to make their own food. They do this through a process called photosynthesis, which uses a green pigment called chlorophyll.

Explanation:

Which of the following medications is a parasympathetic bronchodilator?
A. Ipratropium
B. Albuterol
C. Alupent
D. Bronkosol

Answers

Answer: Option A.

Ipratropium

Explanation:

parasympathetic bronchodilator medications block the parasympathetic nerve reflexes that ensures the constrictions of air pathways which make it to be opened.

Ipratropium is a drug use to open or close lungs airways for treatments of pulmonary diseases or asthma

Ipratropium is a parasympathetic bronchodilator because it's causes the dilation of lungs airways which is a Blocking cholinergic receptors which will reduce the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate causing dilation or decrease in lungs airways which result in a decrease or reduction in lungs smooth muscles contractions.

. Give three examples of specialized cells in multicellular organisms.

Answers

Answer:

Nerve cells, blood cells, and reproductive cells

Explanation:

Answer:

nerve cells, blood cells and reproductive cells

Telomeres serve as caps at the ends of linear chromosomes. Which of the following is not true regarding the replication of telomeric sequences?
A) The lagging-strand telomeres are not completely replicated by DNA polymerase.
B) Telomeres are made of repeating sequences.
C) Additional repeated sequences are added to the template strand.
D) The leading strand doubles back on itself to form a primer for the lagging strand.

Answers

Answer:

D) The leading strand doubles back on itself to form a primer for the lagging strand.

Explanation:

Telomeres are the end sequences of the linear cromosomes of DNA, and are formed by tandem repeats of simple DNA sequences. Because DNA polimerases can only extend the primers in the 5' to 3' direction, they can not copy the 5' ends of the linear molecules of DNA. A reverse transcriptase called telomerase is needed to replicate the telomeres.

This telomerase carries its own RNA template, which is complementary to the repeated sequences in the telomeres, as part of the enzymatic complex. The loose end of telomeric DNA binds to the ARN in telomerase, which will then function as a template for the extension of the template conductor strand in another unity of repetition. The lagging strand can be synthesized as a conventional initiation of RNA and polimerase activity.

How can you tell something is alive?

Answers

Answer:

it breaths and pumps its heart cuz this is a sign that the following person is alive

The _____ variable, or factor, is what is being deliberately changed in the experimental group.

Answers

Answer:

Independent

Explanation:

The independent variable/factor is the one that is being changed on purpose during the experiment.

This variable is changed on purpose to see how it affects the dependent variable.

Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false.
a. A single nucleolus always corresponds to a single nucleolus organizer region.
b. The fibrils seen in electron micrographs of nucleoli contain DNA and RNA.
c. The DNA of nuclei carries the cells tRNA genes which are present in the clusters of multiple copies.

Answers

Answer:

a. false

b. true

c. true

Explanation:

NORs (Nucleolus organizer regions) are chromosome regions in which ribosomal genes are encoded, while nucleoli (singular = nucleolus) are nuclear territories where ribosomes are produced and assembled. A nucleolus may contain one or more NORs.

Nucleoli are composed of DNA, RNA and proteins arranged around NORs.

The transference RNA (tRNA) genes are known to be spatially associated with the nucleolus as happen, for example, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

(PLEASE HURRY ON TIMER)

Which action can humans take to reduce wave erosion?
-build drainage systems
-build houses near coastlines
-build breakwaters in the ocean
-reduce vegetation along coastlines

Answers

Breakwaters because they protect against dangerous waves: They are the defense from waves which cause erosion when they build up and attack.

Answer:

breakwaters

Explanation:

A breakwater is a barrier built out into a body of water to protect a coast or harbor from the force of waves.

if you are suffering from a cardiovascular malady the doctor might order an_____ After that you might need ______.

Answers

Answer:

EKG

Explanation:

A ____ one that will be found near the target organ. The___ nerve when inflamed can cause a condition called Bell's Palsy and affect the innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. - could it be facial nerve?The ___ nerve plays a major role in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, and one common effect to damage to this nerve is difficulty swallowing.Briefly name three functions of the basal nuclei?

Answers

Answer:

It is the bell sign, this can be positive due to nerve involvement or due to an ideopathic question.

The bell sign is positive or negative according to different signs perceived by the dental professional or maxillofacial surgeon.

It is the affection of the seventh cranial nerve, that is to say, of the facial nerve.

Explanation:

The facial nerve is a nerve that is responsible for the sensitivity of the face and the motor skills of the muscles of mime, chewing, swallowing and facial expressions.

The pathognomonic signs are:

facial pain, hyperacusis, decreased ocular tearing, diagusia, and when the patient tries to close the eye it deviates upwards and to the side.

In addition to these signs there is a very characteristic one that is anesthesia or hemifacial paralysis, that is, of the middle of the face.

The positive bell sign usually occurs in patients who have serious automobile accidents.

Why, according to some anthropologists, is the concept of cultural hybridity almost a good idea?

Answers

borrowing cultural forms or practices from elsewhere always involves borrowing with modification. ... Why, according to some anthropologists, is the concept of cultural hybridity almost a good idea? Emphasizing cultural hybridity can hide class exploitation and racial oppression

Compare the nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen cycles.

Answers

Answer:

The nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen cycles are all biogeochemical cycles that involve the movement of an element through different systems. Each of these nonliving elements is incorporated into living organisms at some point in the cycle. The nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen cycles are all essential for life

Explanation:

these are the nitrogen cycle and oxygen cycle.

If there is no phenotypic variation in a trait, then the heritability of that trait will be approximately:______.

Answers

I think the answer is 0

(-4,6) and (3,-7) find the distance between each pair of points

Answers

Answer:

d = √218

Explanation:

[tex]\left(x_1,\:y_1\right),\:\left(x_2,\:y_2\right):\quad \sqrt{\left(x_2-x_1\right)^2+\left(y_2-y_1\right)^2}\\\\(-4,6) =(x_1,y_1)\\(3,-7)=(x_2,y_2)\\\\=\sqrt{\left(3-\left(-4\right)\right)^2+\left(-7-6\right)^2}\\\\= \sqrt{(3+4)^2+(-7-6)^2}\\ \\d = \sqrt{(7)^2+(-13)^2}\\ \\d = \sqrt{49+169} \\\\d = \sqrt{218}[/tex]

A wedge and a screwlare variations of what type of simple machine?
A)Pulley
B)Lever
C)Wheel and Axel
D)Inclined plane

Answers

Answer:

b. Lever

Explanation:

Does anyone know what we need to do on here?

Answers

Answer:

identify the variables

Explanation:

control:type of lemon used

dependent:whether apple slice turns brown at pH>2

independent:pH value

what is the special life force in the air called that people used to think created microbes?​

Answers

Answer:

spontaneous generation

Explanation:

Spontaneous generation is the myth that organisms could originate without the need to have descent from similar organisms (i.e., created spontaneously from the dust). This belief stated that organisms could arise from nonliving material. Louis Pasteur conducted experiments in order to show that this belief was false and thus confirm the theory of biogenesis, which states living organisms can be only generated by the reproduction of similar living organisms. Pasteur showed that microorganisms could not be developed in isolated sterilized tubes, but they could be developed in open tubes, thereby showing that reproduction (biogenesis) is the only source of living organisms.

An organ is a combination of different _______ functioning together for a specific task.

Answers

Answer:hola no se cial es la respursta pero garcias por escucharme

Explanation:

Which of the following is an effect of ozone layer depletion? Bodies of water become acidic, disrupting ecosystems. Emphysema , asthma and bronchitis are more prevalent . There is an increased rate of skin cancer Levels of lead, radon or asbestos Increase

Answers

C)There is an increased rate of skin cancer

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is a _____ gas that traps heat which causes the temperature to rise.

What’s the blank?

Answers

Answer:

Trace gas.

Explanation:

Answer:

Trace gas

Explanation:

It is a Trace gas. .






Which scientist determined that the farther a planet is from the sun, the longer it takes to orbit the sun?

Copernicus

Halley

Doppler

Kepler

Answers

Answer:

Kepler

Hope this helps :)

Answer:

The name of the scientist is Kepler.

Change the following statements into a good hypothesis. Adding salt to the soil may affect the growth of grass.

Answers

Answer:

will cause the grass to die faster

Explanation:

If I add salt to a sample of soil, then it will cause the growth of the grass to slow down, because it will dry out the soil.
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