Answer:
As a giant star.
Explanation:
A
During a titration, a known concentration of _____ is added to a _____ of an unknown concentration g
Explanation:
The whole process of titration involves finding the concentration of a solution (usually an acid or base) by adding (titrating) it to a solution(acid or base) with a known concentration.
The solution of unknown concentration (the analyte) is usually placed in an flask, while the solution of known concentration (titrant) is placed in a burette and slowly added to the flask.
In a buffer solution made of acetic acid and sodium acetate, if a small amount of acid is added, the added acid will react with whome?
Answer:
The acid reacts with the conjugate base producing more weak acid.
Explanation:
A buffer solution is defined as the mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base with its conjugate acid.
The acetic buffer, CH₃COOH/CH₃COO⁻, is in equilibrium with water as follows:
CH₃COOH(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ CH₃COO⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺
When an acid HX (Source of H₃O⁺) is added to the buffer, the reaction that occurs is:
CH₃COO⁻ + HX → CH₃COOH
The acid reacts with the conjugate base producing more weak acid.In fact, this is the principle of the buffer:
An acid reacts with the conjugate base producing weak acid. And the weak acid reacts with a base producing conjugate base
If a small amount of acid is added to an acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer, the acid will react with the acetate ion from sodium acetate.
We have a buffer formed by acetic acid and sodium acetate.
What is a buffer?A buffer is a solution used to resist abrupt changes in pH when an acid or a base is added.
How are buffers formed?They can be formed in 1 of 2 ways:
By a weak acid and its conjugate base.By a weak base and its conjugate acid.Our buffer is formed by a weak acid (acetic acid) and its conjugate base (acetate ion from sodium acetate).
When an acid (HX) is added, it is neutralized by the basic component of the buffer. The generic net ionic equation is:
H⁺ + CH₃COO⁻ ⇄ CH₃COOH
If a small amount of acid is added to an acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer, the acid will react with the acetate ion from sodium acetate.
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Draw the product that valine forms when it reacts with excess CH3CH2OH and HCl followed by a wash with aqueous base.
Answer:
Product: ethyl L-valinate
Explanation:
If we want to understand what it is the molecule produced we have to analyze the reagents. We have valine an amino acid, in this kind of compounds we have an amine group ([tex]NH_2[/tex]) and a carboxylic acid group ([tex]COOH[/tex]). Additionally, we have an alcohol ([tex]CH_3CH_2OH[/tex]) in the presence of HCl (a strong acid) in the first step, and a base ([tex]OH^-[/tex]).
When we have an acid and an alcohol in a vessel we will have an esterification reaction. In other words, an ester is produced. As the first step, the oxygen in the C=O (in the carboxylic acid group) would be protonated. In the second step, the ethanol attacks the carbon in the C=O of the carboxylic acid group producing a new bond between the oxygen in the ethanol and the carbon in the carboxylic acid. In step 3, a proton is transferred to produce a better leaving group ([tex]H_2O[/tex]). In step 4, a water molecule leaves the main structure to produce again the double bond C=O. Finally, a base ([tex]OH^-[/tex]) removes the hydrogen from the C=O bond to produce ethyl L-valinate
See figure 1
I hope it helps!
Which statement describes the number of protons in each atom of an element? (1 point)
The number of protons is given by the atomic number, which increases by one moving from
left to right across each row of the periodic table.
The number of protons is given by the mass number, which increases by one moving from left
to right across each row of the periodic table.
The number of protons is given by the atomic number, which increases by one moving down
in its column in the periodic table.
The number of protons is given by the mass number, which increases by one moving down in
its column in the periodic table.
By definition of atomic number, the correct answers are:
"The number of protons is given by the atomic number, which increases by one moving from left to right across each row of the periodic table." and "The number of protons is given by the atomic number, which increases by one moving down in its column in the periodic table."You have to know that atoms are made up of a nucleus made up of protons and neutrons, and a shell made up of electrons. Protons are positively charged, while neutrons are electrically neutral (that is, they have zero charge). Therefore the atomic nucleus always has a positive charge. On the other hand, electrons are negatively charged.
The atomic number is the total number of protons that make up the atomic nucleus of a given chemical element and is represented by the letter Z.
An atom is naturally neutral and has the same number of electrons and protons.
The atomic number is used to classify the elements within the periodic table of elements, going from the smallest to the largest number of protons in the nucleus as you progress through the rows and columns of the table. That is, as you travel a period (row) from left to right and as you travel a group (column) from top to bottom, the atomic number increases.
In summary, the correct answers are:
"The number of protons is given by the atomic number, which increases by one moving from left to right across each row of the periodic table." and "The number of protons is given by the atomic number, which increases by one moving down in its column in the periodic table."Learn more about the atomic number: https://brainly.com/question/1262368?referrer=searchResults
Answer:
The answer is "The number of protons is given by the atomic number, which increases by one moving from left to right across each row of the periodic table."
Explanation:
If you look at the periodic table, the elements atomic numbers increase from left to right by one. Therefore, the protons also increase by one from left to right because the number of protons in an element is the same as the atomic number.
Assuming 100% dissociation, which of the following compounds is listed incorrectly with its van't Hoff factor i? Al2(SO4)3, i = 4 NH4NO3, i = 2 Mg(NO3)2, i = 3 Na2SO4, i = 3 Sucrose, i = 1
Answer:
- Aluminium sulfate Al2(SO4)3 dissociates in two aluminium ions and three sulfate ions, therefore, van't Hoff factor is 5 (incorrect).
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, since the van't Hoff factor is related with the species that result from the ionization of a chemical compound, we can see that that
- Aluminium sulfate Al2(SO4)3 dissociates in two aluminium ions and three sulfate ions, therefore, van't Hoff factor is 5 (incorrect).
- Ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 dissociates in one ammonium ions and one nitrate ion, therefore, van't Hoff factor is 2 (correct).
- Sodium sulfate Na2SO4 dissociates in two sodium ions and one sulfate, therefore, van't Hoff factor is 3 (correct).
- Sucrose is not ionized, therefore, van't Hoff factor is 1 (correct).
Best regards.
3. Identify the reagents you would use to convert 1-bromopentane into each of the following compounds: (a) Pentanoic acid (b) Hexanoic acid (c) Pentanoyl chloride (d) Hexanamide (e) Pentanamide (f) Ethyl hexanoate
Answer:
Explanation:
a )
CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂Br + KOH ⇒ CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH
CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH + acidic potassium dichromate ⇒ CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂COOH
b )
CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂Br + KCN ⇒ CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN Hydrolysis ⇒ CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COOH .
c )
CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂Br + KOH ⇒ CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH
CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH + acidic potassium dichromate ⇒ CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂COOH + SOCl₂ ( thionyl chloride ) ⇒ CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂COCl
d )
CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂Br + KCN ⇒ CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN Hydrolysis ⇒ CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COOH + PCC ( NH₃ ) ⇒ CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CONH₂
e )
CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂Br + KCN ⇒ CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CN Hydrolysis ⇒ CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COOH + C₂H₅OH ( Ethyl alcohol + H⁺ )⇒
CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂COOC₂H₅ ( ethyl hexanoate )
Methane (CH4) is the major component of natural gas. 40.0 grams of methane were placed in a commercial calorimeter and subjected to a combustion reaction. The reaction released 2800 kJ of energy.
1. Compare this energy value to the energy values of paraffin and isopropanol. Is methane a good choice as a fuel?
Based on comparison of energy produced per kilogram, a given mass of methane produces more energy than similar masses of either paraffin or isopropanol, therefore;
Methane is a good choice as a fuel
The reason for the above comparison conclusion is as follows:
The given information:
The details of the combustion of the methane gas, CH₄, are as follows;
The mass of the methane gas placed in the calorimeter, m = 40.0 g
The amount of heat released from the combustion of the 40.0 grams of methane = 2,800 kJ
The data from online resources of paraffin and isopropanol includes
1. The energy value of paraffin = 46 MJ/kg
The energy value of isopropanol = 33.6 MJ/kg
The energy produced from 1 kilogram of methane gas is given as follows;
40.0 g of methane gas produces 2,800 kJ of energy, therefore;
1 kg = 1,000 g of methane gas will produce, 2,800kJ/(40.0 g) × 1,000 g = 70,000,000 J
Therefore;
1 kg of methane produces 70,000,000 J = 70 MJ of energy
Therefore, energy produced from methane = 70 MJ/kg
Given that methane produces more than twice the amount of energy that
is produced from similar mass of isopropanol and more than one and half
times the amount of energy that is produced from the same mass of
paraffin, methane is a good choice as a fuel for energy
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Determine whether the following statement about equilibrium is true or false.
(a) When a reaction system reaches a state of equilibrium, the concentration of the products is equal to the concentration of the reactants.
(b) When a system is at equilibrium, Keq = 1.
(c) At equilibrium, the rates of the forward reaction and the reverse reaction are equal.
(d) Adding a catalyst to a reaction system will shift the position of equilibrium to the right so there are more products at equilibrium than if there was no catalyst present.
Answer:
(a) when a reaction system reaches a state of equilibrium, the concentration of the products is equal to the concentration of the reactants
Determining whether the statements about equilibrium is True or False
A) The concentration of the products is equal to the concentration of the reactants at equilibrium : TRUE
B) When a system is at equilibrium, Keq = 1 : TRUE
C) The rates of the forward reaction and the reverse reaction are equal at equilibrium : TRUE
D) Adding a catalyst to a reaction system will shift the position of equilibrium to the right : FALSE
Reaction at equilibriumIn a chemical reaction at equilibrium the value of Keq will be equal to 1 because the concentration of the products is equal to the concentration of the reactants in the chemica reaction. Also at equilibrium the rate of forward reaction is same as the rate of reverse reaction.
A catalyst can only affect the rate of reaction and not the amount of product ( yield of reaction).
Hence we can conclude that the answers to your questions are as listed above.
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ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS PLEASE
No spam!! :/
Answer:
By definition, a pure substance or a homogeneous mixture consists of a single phase. A heterogeneous mixture consists of two or more phases. When oil and water are combined, they do not mix evenly, but instead form two separate layers.
Explanation:
Sorry only knew the answer to the first question
Answer:
To make a saturated solution, 36 gm of sodium chloride is dissolved in 100 gm of water at 293 K. Find its concentration at this temperature.
Mass per cent is a way of expressing a concentration or describing the component in a particular mixture. The solution composition can be expressed in mass percentage that depicts the mass of solute present in a given mass of solution.
The quantity of solute is expressed in mass or by moles. For a solution, the mass per cent is described as the grams of solute per grams of solution, multiplied by 100 to get the percentage.
Concentration
Mass of sodium chloride (Solute) = 36gm
Mass of water (solvent) = 100 gm
Mass of solution = 36+100
∴ Mass of solution = 136 gm
Concentration = (Mass of Solute / Mass of Solution) * 100
Concentration = (36/136) × 100
Concentration = 26.47%
Temperature
If temperature increases, solubility increases and if temperature decreases, solubility decreases.
It is possible to distinguish the particles of solute from those of solvent in a suspension, since particle size is bigger in suspensions, hence it is easier to distinguish the particles of solute.
Explanation:
A balloon has an initial volume of 2.954 L containing 5.50 moles of helium. More helium is added so that the balloon expands to 4.325 L. How much helium (moles) has been added if the temperature and pressure stay constant during this process.
Answer:
8.05 moles
Explanation:
5.50 / 2.954 = x / 4.325
x = 8.05
According to ideal gas equation, if the temperature and pressure stay constant during the process 0.520 moles have been added so that the balloon expands to 4.325 L.
What is ideal gas equation?The ideal gas equation is a equation which is applicable in a hypothetical state of an ideal gas.It is a combination of Boyle's law, Charle's law,Avogadro's law and Gay-Lussac's law . It is given as, PV=nRT where R= gas constant whose value is 8.314.The law has several limitations.The law was proposed by Benoit Paul Emile Clapeyron in 1834.
In the given example if pressure and temperature are constant then V=nR substituting V=4.325 l and R=8.314 so n=V/R=4.325/8.314=0.520 moles.
Thus, 0.520 moles of helium are added if the temperature and pressure stay constant during this process.
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A rock has a mass of 15.8 g and causes the water level in a graduated cylinder to raise from 22.3 mL to 32.5 mL. What is the density of the rock in Kg/mL?
Answer:
Explanation:
mass - 15.8 g = 0.0158 kg
volume = 32.5 - 22.5 = 10.2 ml
density = mass / volume
= 0.0158 / 10.2
= 0.00154 kg/ml
hope this helps
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20. What volume of 0.350M KMnO4 solution must be diluted to prepare 600. mL of
0.150M KMnO4 solution?
Answer:
25.7 mL
Explanation:
Step 1: Given data
Initial volume (V₁): ?Initial concentration (C₁): 0.350 MFinal volume (V₂): 600 mLFinal concentration (C₂): 0.150 MStep 2: Calculate the volume of the initial solution
We have a concentrated solution and we want to prepare a diluted one. We can calculate the initial volume using the dilution rule.
C₁ × V₁ = C₂ × V₂
V₁ = C₂ × V₂ / C₁
V₁ = 0.150 M × 600 mL / 0.350 M
V₁ = 25.7 mL
Hey can anyone help me please?
Answer:
D
Explanation:
D is the answer
Answer:
D is the correct option. All of the above.Explanation;Hope it helps you....thank you...
Determine the molarity for each of the following solutions A. 1.8×10^4mg of HCL in 0.075L of solutions
The difference between voltaic and electrolytic cells is that:
O A. voltaic cells generate electricity through a spontaneous reaction while electrolytic cells absorb electricity to drive a non-spontaneous reaction.
OB. electrolytic cells generate electricity through a spontaneous reaction while voltaic cells absorb electricity to drive a non-spontaneous reaction.
OC. None of these
D. electrolytic cells generate electricity through a non-spontaneous reaction while voltaic cells absorb electricity to drive a spontaneous reaction.
Answer:
c is answwe
Explanation:
none of these
The difference between voltaic and electrolytic cells is that voltaic cells generate electricity through a spontaneous reaction while electrolytic cells absorb electricity to drive a non-spontaneous reaction. option A is correct.
What are voltaic cells and electrolytic cells?Voltaic cells are spontaneous chemical reaction happens at which results in the generation or production of electrical energy or electricity. voltaic cell are made on basis on with modern-day batteries.
Electrolytic cells are the cells which do not generate electricity with the help of a chemical reaction, instead of it electrolytic cell creates a useful chemical reaction with the help of an externally applied potential or external applied energy difference.
Therefore, voltaic cells generate electricity through a spontaneous reaction while electrolytic cells absorb electricity to drive a non-spontaneous reaction. option A is correct.
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A piece of solid Fe metal is put into an aqueous solution of Cu(NO3)2. Write the net ionic equation for any single-replacement redox reaction that may be predicted. Assume that the oxidation state of in the resulted solution is 2 . (Use the lowest possible coefficients for the reaction. Use the pull-down boxes to specify states such as (aq) or (s). If a box is not needed, leave it blank. If no reaction occurs, leave all boxes blank and click on Submit.)
Answer:
Fe(s) + Cu^2+(aq) ---> Fe^2+(aq) + Cu(s)
Explanation:
The ionic equation shows the actual reaction that took place. It excludes the spectator ions. Spectator ions are ions that do not really participate in the reaction even though they are present in the system.
For the reaction between iron and copper II nitrate, the molecular reaction equation is;
Fe(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)----> Fe(NO3)2(aq) +Cu(s)
Ionically;
Fe(s) + Cu^2+(aq) ---> Fe^2+(aq) + Cu(s)
An element has an atomic number of 36, what element is it? Question 4 options: Kr K Se Es
Answer:
[tex]\Huge \boxed{\mathrm{Kr}}[/tex]
Explanation:
Krypton is an element in the periodic table with an atomic number of 36.
The symbol for Krypton is Kr.
Answer:
KR.
Explanation:
Use the periodic table for reference:
a. You have a stock solution of 14.8 M NH3. How many milliliters of this solution should you dilute to make 1000.0 mL of 0.250 M NH3?
b. If you take a 10.0 mL portion of the stock solution and dilute it to a total volume of 0.500 L, what will be the concentration of the final solution?
Answer:A) V = 16.892 ml
Explanation:
M1 * V1 = M2 * V2
14.8 M * V1 =0.250 M * 1000 ml
V1 = 16.892 ml
a. The volume of 16.89 milliliters of the stock solution of 14.8 M should be diluted to make 1000.0 mL of 0.250 M.
b. The concentration of the final solution is 0.296 M.
What is the dilution law?The concentration or the volume of the concentrated or dilute solution can be calculated by using the equation:
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
where M₁ and V₁ are the concentration and volume of the concentrated solution respectively and M₂ and V₂ are the concentration and volume of the dilute solution.
A stock solution is a solution that has a high concentration and that will be diluted to a low concentration by the addition of water in it.
Given, a stock solution of concentration, M₁ = 14.8 M
The concentration of the diluted solution, M₂ = 0.250 M
The volume of diluted solution, V₂ = 1000ml
Substitute the value of the molarity and volume in equation (1):
(14.8)× (V₁) = (1000) × (0.250)
V₁ = 16.89 ml
Similarly, for part (b): M₁ = 14.8 M, V₁ = 10 ml and V₂ = 0.5L = 500 ml
(14.8)× (10) = (500) × (M₂)
M₂ = 0.296 M
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The type of evaporator that has all saturated liquid entering the evaporator and saturated liquid throughout the evaporator is commonly known as a
Answer:
Flooded evaporator
Explanation:
It is flooded evaporator because the liquid refrigerant covers the entire heat transfer surface thereby operating with a low pressure receiver.
The receiver acts to separate gaseous and liquid refrigerant after the expansion valve and make sure there is a feed of 100% liquid refrigerant to the evaporator. This make it to have saturated liquid entering the evaporator and saturated liquid throughout the evaporator.
Complete the following radioactive decay problem.
234U → He + ?
Answer:
plz mark me as brainlest
Explanation:
Here we have to complete the given radioactive decay reaction:
²³⁸₉₂U → ⁴₂He + ²³⁴₉₀Th → ²³⁴₉₁Pa ? ⁴₂He + ₁¹P + ¹₀n + ⁰₁e + ₋₁⁰e.
The completed radioactive reaction is
²³⁸₉₂U → ⁴₂He + ²³⁴₉₀Th → ²³⁴₉₁Pa + ⁴₂He + ₋₁⁰e (electron).
In any radioactive reaction the mass number and the atomic number of the reactant and product will be same respectively.
The mass number and atomic number of the reactant uranium (U) is 238 and 92 respectively. Thus in the last reaction if ⁴₂He is eliminated then the mass number of the product 234 + 4 - 0 = 238.
The atomic number will be 91 + 2 - 1 = 92.
Thus the missing particle is electron (₋₁⁰e)
"What is the difference between the revertible and nonrevertible rII mutants that Benzer generated?"
a reaction mixture initially contains 10.0 atm N2 and 10.0 atm H2. If the equilibrium pressure of NH3 is measured to be 6.0 atm, find the equilibrium constant (Kp) for the reaction. g
Answer:
[tex]Kp=5.14[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, the undergoing chemical reaction is:
[tex]N_2+3H_2\rightarrow 2NH_3[/tex]
Thus, the equilibrium expression is written as:
[tex]Kp=\frac{p_{NH_3}^2}{p_{N_2}p_{H_2}^3}[/tex]
And in terms of the reaction extent:
[tex]Kp=\frac{(2x)^2}{(10-x)(10-3x)^3}[/tex]
Thus, from the equilibrium pressure of ammonia we can compute the reaction extent:
[tex]p_{NH_3}=2x=6.0 atm\\\\x=3.0atm[/tex]
Therefore, the equilibrium constant turns out:
[tex]Kp=\frac{(2*3.0)^2}{(10.0-3.0)(10.0-3*3.0)^3}\\\\Kp=5.14[/tex]
Regards.
Which of the following stays constant when diluting a solution?
Select the correct answer below:
A) volume
B) molarity
C) concentration
D) amount of solute
Answer:
when you're diluting a solution, you're adding in more solvent, so the solute will maintain the same (D)
The average temperature at the South Pole In January is - 35.4 °C.
Convert this temperature to degrees Fahrenheit. Round your answer to 3 significant digits.
°F
Answer:
-31.72°F
Explanation:
(-35.4°C × 9/5) + 32 = -31.72°F
The average temperature at the South Pole In January is - 35.4 °C. This temperature in Fahrenheit is -31.72 °F
To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit, you can use the formula:
°F = (°C × 9/5) + 32
Let's calculate the temperature at the South Pole in degrees Fahrenheit:
°F = (-35.4 × 9/5) + 32
°F = (-63.72) + 32
°F = -31.72
Rounding to three significant digits, the temperature at the South Pole in degrees Fahrenheit is approximately -31.7 °F. The negative sign indicates that the temperature is below the freezing point in both Celsius and Fahrenheit scales. The South Pole experiences freezing temperatures, as it is located near the Earth's southernmost point and experiences long periods of darkness during January.
Hence, the temperature in Fahrenheit is -31.7 °F.
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Sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen to form sulfur trioxide. What change in hybridization of the sulfur occurs in this reaction ? g
Answer:
PLEASE LOOK INN TO THE FILE YOU WILL GET ANSWER AND ALSO SUMMARY THANKS FOR ASKING QUESTION.
Explanation:
Question 1 of 10
What is the correct orientation of the bar magnet, based on the magnetic field
lines shown?
A. North pole on the left end and south pole on the right end
B. South pole on the top edge and north pole on the bottom edge.
C. South pole on the left end and north pole on the right end
D. North pole on the top edge and south pole on the bottom edge
Answer:
d. north pole on the top edge and south pole on the bottom edge
Explanation:
why are(±)-glucose and (-)-glucose both classified as D sugar
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
We must remember that the D / L nomenclature refers to the orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 5. If the "OH" is on the right we will have a D configuration. Yes, the "OH" is on the left we will have an L configuration. (See figure 1)
Now, the orientation of this "OH" has nothing to do with the ability of the molecule to deflect polarized light. If the molecule deflects light to the left we will have the symbol "(-)" (levorotation) if the molecule deflects light to the right we will have the symbol "(+)" (dextrorotation).
So in the "D" configuration, we can have both a right (+) and a left (-) deviation.
I hope it helps!
a) Provide equation of K of this reaction, use symbol " ^ " for exponents. That means 1000 = 10^3 and 1/100 is 10^(-2). b) How many moles of compound F will be produced if only 2 moles of compound C is available? describe or show your work. 3 A + 5 B +4 C 5 D +7 E + F
Answer and Explanation:
a. The equation of K of this reaction is shown below:-
3 A + 5 B + 4 C↔5 D + 7 E + F
[tex]K = \frac{(D)^5 (E)^7 (F)}{(A)^3 (B)^5 (C)^4}[/tex]
b. The moles of compound F is shown below:-
3 A + 5 B + 4 C↔5 D + 7 E + F
2 moles
Now, the mole of produced is
[tex]= \frac{1}{4} \times \ moles\ of\ c[/tex]
Now, we will the value of c by using the above equation
[tex]= \frac{1}{4} \times 2[/tex]
After solving the above equation we will get
0.5 moles
Which of the following combinations will result in a reaction that is spontaneous at all temperatures?
Negative enthalpy change and negative entropy change
Negative enthalpy change and positive entropy change
Positive enthalpy change and negative entropy change
Positive enthalpy change and positive entropy change
PLS EXPLAIN WHAT EACH MEANS AND THE VARIABLES AND THE EXPLANATION BEHIND IT
Answer:
[tex]\huge\boxed{Option \ 2}[/tex]
Explanation:
A reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures by the following combinations:
=> A negative enthalpy change ( [tex]\triangle H < 0[/tex] )
=> A positive entropy change ( [tex]\triangle S > 0[/tex] )
See the attached file for more better understanding!
from Gibbs Equation, [tex] \Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S [/tex]
reaction is spontaneous if $\Delta G$ is negative.
so, first option is not valid at high temperature, ($-h+ts$)
second, is always a spontaneous reaction, ($-h-ts$)
third, is never spontaneous ($+h+ts$)
4th is similar to second, spontaneous at higher temperatures ($+h-ts$)
Amphiphilic molecule: ___________
a. have both oxidizing and reducing groups.
b. are micelles.
c. have chromophores in two different wavelength regions.
d. have both acidic and basic groups.
e. have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups.