The physical quantity used to qualitatively assess if a reaction is endothermic or exothermic in calorimetry is heat.
What is calorimetry?Measurements of heat transferred to or from a substance are determined using calorimetry.
Assessment of the reaction:The heat generated by an exothermic reaction in solution is trapped in the calorimeter when we perform the process, raising the temperature of the solution. Running an endothermic reaction causes the solution's temperature to drop as the reaction's heat source is removed from the solution.Characteristics of endothermic reaction:Any chemical process that takes heat from its surroundings is said to be endothermic. The reaction's activation energy comes from the energy that was absorbed. This kind of reaction is characterized by its cold sensation.Characteristics of exothermic reaction:Exothermic simply means releasing heat. As an exothermic process develops, energy, frequently in the form of heat, is released.In an exothermic reaction, it takes less energy to break bonds in the reactants than is released when new bonds form in the products.To learn more about endothermic and exothermic reactions visit:
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The physical quantity used to qualitatively assess if a reaction is endothermic or exothermic in calorimetry is heat.
What is calorimetry?Measurements of heat transferred to or from a substance are determined using calorimetry.
Assessment of the reaction:The heat generated by an exothermic reaction in solution is trapped in the calorimeter when we perform the process, raising the temperature of the solution.Running an endothermic reaction causes the solution's temperature to drop as the reaction's heat source is removed from the solution.Characteristics of endothermic reaction:
Any chemical process that takes heat from its surroundings is said to be endothermic.The reaction's activation energy comes from the energy that was absorbed.This kind of reaction is characterized by its cold sensation.Characteristics of exothermic reaction:Exothermic simply means releasing heat.As an exothermic process develops, energy, frequently in the form of heat, is released.In an exothermic reaction, it takes less energy to break bonds in the reactants than is released when new bonds form in the products.To learn more about endothermic and exothermic reactions visit:
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The molar mass of calcium chloride (CaCl₂) is
110.98 g/mol. If you were to calculate the number
of moles in 23.4 g of CaCl₂, which example shows
the correct way to set up the calculation?
O
23.4 g CaCl₂x.
O
110.98 g CaCl₂
1mole CaCl₂
1 mole CaCl₂
110.98 g CaCl₂
23.4 g CaCl₂x-
The example that shows the correct way to set up the calculation will be the second example.
Number of molesMathematically:
Number of moles = mass/molar mass
In this case, mass = 23.4 g and molar mass = 110.98 g/mol
Number of moles = 23.4/110.98 = 0.21 moles
Thus, the second example is the correct way.
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What would be the molecular formula of rose oxide which contains C, H, and O and has two degrees of unsaturation and a molecular ion in its mass spectrum at m/z
The molecular formula of rose oxide:
The formula of rose oxide will be [tex]C_{10}H_{18}O[/tex].
What is the molecular formula?
An expression known as the molecular formula describes how many atoms of each element are present in a single compound's molecule. It shows the exact number of atoms in every molecule.
Use the rule of thirteen to obtain the molecular formula for a chemical whose molecular mass is known. Follow these procedures to obtain the molecular formula:
To get the fundamental formula, multiply the molar mass by 13. (sum of the masses of one carbon atom and one hydrogen atom)
Molecular mass/ 13 = n + r/13
where, n = numerator and r = remainder
Base formula is [tex]C_{n}H_{n+r}[/tex]
Calculation:
Remove the mass of the carbon and hydrogen compound that belongs to the same group as the additional atoms if the molecular formula contains atoms in addition to carbon and hydrogen.
Molecular mass /13 = 154/13
= 11 x 13 = 143
Thus, 11 non-H atoms are 11C.
Thus, the formula is [tex]C_{11}H_{11+11} = C_{11}H_{22}[/tex]
If oxygen, is present then the mass is 16 and remove [tex]CH_{4}[/tex].
[tex]C_{11}H_{22} - CH_{4} + O = C_{10}H_{18}O[/tex]
Thus, the formula of the compound will be [tex]C_{10}H_{18}O[/tex]
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(RLLY NEED HELP) What is caused by friction between two objects?
Static electricity
Dry air
A circuit
Moist air
attractive forces between molecules in a solid are stronger
than bonds between atoms in a molecule
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Attractive forces between molecules in a solid are weaker than bonds between atoms in a molecule.
It takes much more energy to break intramolecular bonds (bonds within molecules) than it does to break intermolecular bonds (bonds between molecules). As a result, it is more difficult to break apart one molecule of a solid than it is to break the solid or separate the molecules from one another.
What is the reason why the fermentation products acetate and hydrogen gas (H2) are never abundant in aerobic soils and sediments
Acetate and hydrogen gas (H2) is never abundant in aerobic soils and sediments because they are tiny, highly reduced molecules that many bacteria that breathe oxygen and nitrates quickly absorb to use as fuel for energy generation.
Why are acetate and hydrogen gas not abundant in aerobic soils and sediments?Hydrogen is a substrate for methanogenic archaea and, along with acetate, one of the most significant intermediates in the methanogenic breakdown of organic materials. Numerous methanogenic environments exhibit contributions of H₂ to CH₄ production that are both significantly lower and significantly higher than is considered usual. H₂ is rapidly converted in methanogenic settings due to the simultaneous generation by fermenting and syntrophic bacteria and consumption by methanogenic archaea.
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Consider the chemical equilibrium of the reaction. NH4OH(aq) NH4 (aq) OH(aq) What will happen to the chemical equilibrium if NH4Cl is added to this solution
Answer:
hydrochloride acidic maby
Explanation:
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Lead(II) oxide from an ore can be reduced to elemental lead by heating in a furnace with carbon. Calculate the expected yield of lead if 50.0 kg of lead oxide is heated with 50.0 kg of carbon.
Find the expected yield of lead:
The expected yield of lead if 50.0 kg of lead oxide is heated with 50.0 kg of carbon is 46 kg
Calculation:
First and foremost, we must correctly write the equation of reaction in order to answer this issue. This is what it is:
PbO(s) + C(s) → Pb(l) + CO (g)
We continue from here. The limiting reactant should be found, however finding out how many moles of each reactant are present is the only way to do so.
The number of moles is calculated using the formula: the mass of each reactant divided by the molar mass of each reactant.
Mass of PbO is 50kg = 50000g
Molar mass of PBO = 223.20g/mol
The number of moles is thus 50000/223.2 = 224 moles
For carbon, mass is also 50kg = 50000g
Molar mass is 12g/mol
Number of moles of carbon = 50000/12 = 4166.6 moles
We can observe from the number of moles that there are more moles of carbon than PbO. This indicates that the limiting reagent is PbO.
So, in order to determine percentage yield, we employ it.
Since we have a mole ratio of 1 to 1, the number of moles of lead created is equal to the number of moles of lead oxide, which is 224.
The molar mass of lead = 207.20 g/mol
The mass of lead formed = moles of lead x molar mass of lead
The mass of lead formed = 207.20 x 224 = 46,412.8 g = 46 kg
Hence, the expected yield is 46 kg.
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Determine the number of moles in 50.0 grams of sodium. (the mass of one mole of sodium is 22.99 g.)
Answer:
2.17 moles
Explanation:
50 gm / 22.99 g / mole = 2.17 moles
Answer:
2.17
Explanation:
According to boyle's law, the pressure of a gas increases as the volume decreases because:
Answer:
according to the law,the pressure would increase if volume has been decreased.
Explanation:
the reason is that,pressure and volume are inversely proportional,if volume has been decreased that means the pressure would increase because decreased volume would create a sort of compacted situation for particles either of a liquid or gas,decreasing volume would bring these particle together, closer to each other because of decreased and since the volume has decreased they dont have enough space,they would end up getting closer to each other most likely to collide, which drastically increase pressure .
A lake experiences episodic acidification, in which the pH drops to 5.0. A scientist studying the lake sees trout and perch disappear from the lake over time. What would be a reasonable explanation for the disappearance of these fish
A reasonable explanation for the disappearance of these fish is the high acidity affecting fish metabolism.
What is the ideal pH for fish?pH is a very important parameter to consider, as it has a direct effect on the metabolism and physiological processes of fish and other aquatic organisms. The pH tolerance range for fish is between 4.0 and 9.0, while the ideal index is between 6.5 and 8.0
With this information, we can conclude that The various fish species differ in terms of the best pH. The pH range between 6.5 – 9.0 is generally recommended for freshwater species. For marine species, the most recommended PH range is between 7.8-8.4.
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If 100 pounds of chlorine gas is required for an operation, how many pounds of calcium hypochlorite (65%) would be needed for the same operation
The amount, in pounds of chlorine that will be needed, will be 201.37 pounds
Percent compositionCalcium hypochlorite goes by the chemical formula, [tex]Ca(ClO)_2[/tex].
In order to know the amount of calcium hypochlorite that will be needed for the operation, we first need to know the percent composition of chlorine in calcium hypochlorite.
Molar mass of calcium hypochlorite = 142.98 g/mol
There are 2 molecules of Cl in calcium hypochlorite. The molar mass will be 35.5 x 2 = 71 g/mol
Percent chlorine in calcium hypochlorite = 71/142.98 x 100 = 49.66%
So, what amount of calcium hypochlorite will give us 100 pounds of chlorine knowing that chlorine is 49.66% of calcium hypochlorite?
49.66% of X = 100 pounds
X = 100 x 100/49.66 = 201.37 pounds
Thus, 201.37 pounds of calcium hypochlorite will give us approximately 100 pounds of chlorine.
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1. You have learned that alkyl iodides may be prepared by SN2 replacement of other leaving groups, or by treatment of alcohols or ethers with co centrated hydriodic acid (HI). A milder method for preparation of alkyl iodides from alcohols is shown below:
Imidazole's cyclic structure is aromatic and the lone pair present at the N₁ atom available for donation. hence, according to question N₁ is the most basic atom in the structure.
What is resonating structure?Two π bonds (between C₂-C₃ and N₁-C₅), as well as one lone pair on N₄, can interact with one another to generate a delocalized π system in the cyclic structure.This delocalization is intriguing since it has the same number of delocalized electrons as benzene—six.As a result, imidazole, like benzene, has a closed, delocalized ring with six π electrons. So, like benzene, it is regarded as an aromatic chemical with resonance stability.N₄ is neutral since it cannot be donated because it needs to use its lone pair to be aromatic.On the other hand, N₁ already forms a π connection, which helps the system become delocalized.N₁ is sp² hybridized and has a trigonal planar basic form. Its lone pair cannot communicate with the delocalized π system since it is pointed away from the cyclic structure.Know more about Resonating structure
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1. Determine the amount concentration of calcium ions and acetate ions in a 0.80 mol/L
solution of calcium acetate (work out formula first).
Since there is one mole of Ca^2+ in calcium acetate, its concentration is 0.80 mol/L.
What is concentration?The term concentration has to do with the amount of substance in solution. The concentration can be measured in several units. Generally, concentration is expressed in molarity, molality, mass concentration units or percentage.
Now we are asked to find the amount concentration of calcium ions and acetate ions in a 0.80 mol/L solution of calcium acetate. The formula of calcium acetate is Ca(CH3COO)2.
Thus;
Ca(CH3COO)2(aq) ----> Ca^2+(aq) + 2CH3COO^-(aq)
It then follows that since there is one mole of Ca^2+ in calcium acetate, its concentration is 0.80 mol/L.
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Describe the difference between radiopaque and radiolucent. Radiopaque refers to a _______________ or light appearance of a structure on a processed radiograph. Radiolucent refers to a _______________ appearance of a structure on a processed radiograph.
Radiopaque refers to a White or light appearance of a structure on a processed radiograph. Radiolucent refers to a Dark appearance of a structure on a processed radiograph.
What makes something radiodense as opposed to radiolucent?Materials that prevent electromagnetic radiation from passing through are referred to as radiodense or radiopaque, whereas materials that permit radiation to pass more readily are referred to as radiolucent. In contrast to radiolucent volumes, which appear significantly darker on radiographs, radiopaque volumes of material seem white.
What exactly does radiodensity mean?It is the relative inability of radio waves and X-rays to flow through a certain substance. Radiodensity (or radiopacity) is opacity to the radio wave and X-ray portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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If a reaction occurs, what will be the products of the unbalanced reaction below?
Zn(s) + HCl(aq) -->
A. No reaction will occur
B. ZnH(s) + Cl2(g)
C. ZnCl2(s) + H2(g)
D. HZnCl(s)
Answer:
C) ZnCl2(s) + H2(g)
Explanation:
On reaction between Zn and HCl, Zn is more reactive than Hydrogen thus displacing it from HCl making a bond with two atoms of chlorine and releases hydrogen gas.
The equation of reaction
Zn(s) + HCl(aq) => ZnCl2(s) + H2(g).
Therefore, the required products are ZnCl2(aq) and H2(g).
Briefly explain how you would name an organic compound containing each of the functional groups.
Functional groups include hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl.
Functional groups:
Regardless of the other atoms in a molecule, functional groups are particular groupings of atoms within molecules that have their own distinctive capabilities.
The prefixes di, tri, and tetra are applied when there are several substituents. Function-specific groups contain identifying suffixes. For instance, the parent chain name of alcohols has the suffix "ol" and a number indicating the location of the hydroxyl group. One is used to identify ketones.
If a compound has multiple functional groups, the highest priority functional group will be considered the "parent structure" and will define the "parent name"; the remaining functional groups will be considered the "substituents." The name of the parent structure is denoted by the "suffix," and the substituent is denoted by the "prefix."
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What is the energy of a photon emitted with a wavelength of 448 nm?
According to the Planck-Einstein relation, the energy of a photon emitted with a wavelength of 448 nm is 4.44 × 10⁻¹⁹ J.
What is a photon?A photon is a particle representing a quantum of light or other electromagnetic radiation. A photon carries energy proportional to the radiation frequency but has zero rest mass.
Step 1. Calculate the frequency of the photon.A photon is emitted with a wavelength (λ) of 448 nm. Given the speed of light (c) is 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s, we can calculate the frequency (ν) of the photon using the following expression.
ν = c/λ
ν = (3.00 × 10⁸ m/s ) / (4.48 × 10⁻⁷ m) = 6.70 × 10¹⁴ s⁻¹
Step 2. Calculate the energy (E) of the photon.We will use the Planck-Einstein relation, being Planck's constant h = 6.63 × 10⁻³⁴ J.s.
E = h × ν
E = (6.63 × 10⁻³⁴ J.s) × (6.70 × 10¹⁴ s⁻¹) = 4.44 × 10⁻¹⁹ J
According to the Planck-Einstein relation, the energy of a photon emitted with a wavelength of 448 nm is 4.44 × 10⁻¹⁹ J.
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7. A spontaneous reaction occurs when the sign of free energy IS
O A. positive.
O B. zero,
• C. negative.
O D. neutral.
Answer:
positive
Explanation:
1. Name each of the following binary compounds or ionic compounds with polyatomic ions.
a) LiBr
b)Cal2
A sample of 0.400 moles of nitrogen occupies 0.800 L. Under the same conditions, what number of moles occupies 1.200 L
Taking into account the Avogadro's Law, 0.600 moles occupies 1.200 L.
Avogadro's LawAvogadro's Law is a gas law that relates the volume and amount of gas at constant pressure and temperature.
Avogadro's law states that volume is directly proportional to the amount of gas: increasing the amount of gas will increase the volume, while decreasing the amount of gas will decrease the volume.
Mathematically, this law states that the ratio between the volume and the amount of gas is constant:
[tex]\frac{V}{n} =k[/tex]
Assuming that there is a certain amount of gas n1 that occupies a volume V1 at the beginning of the experiment, by varying the amount of gas to a new value n2, then the volume will change to V2, and the following is true:
[tex]\frac{V1}{n1} =\frac{V2}{n2}[/tex]
Amount of moles in this caseIn this case, you know:
V1=0.800 Ln1= 0.400 molesV2= 1.200 Ln2= ?Replacing in Avogadro's Law:
[tex]\frac{0.800 L}{0.400 moles} =\frac{1.200 L}{n2}[/tex]
Solving:
[tex]n2x\frac{0.800 L}{0.400 moles} =1.200 L[/tex]
[tex]n2=\frac{1.200 L}{\frac{0.800 L}{0.400 moles} }[/tex]
n2= 0.600 moles
Finally, 0.600 moles occupies 1.200 L.
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How many grams of aluminum can be recovered from a 34.5 g sample of al2o3?
18.26 g of Al can be recovered.
Calculation:
The equation that follows is:
2Al₂O₃ → 2Al + 3O₂
The atomic mass of Al = 27 g
The molecular mass of Al₂O₃ = 102 g
From the stoichiometric equation, 102g of Al₂O₃ yields 54 g of Al
Therefore,
34.5 g of Al₂O₃ will give = [tex]\frac{54 (34.5)}{102}[/tex]
= 18.26 g
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A sample of neon gas occupies a volume of 414 mL at a pressure of 1.15 atm. What will be the pressure of the gas if the volume is increased to 825 mL
Answer:
.577 atm
Explanation:
P1 V1 = P2 V2
RE-ARRANGE TO P2 = P1 V1 / V2
Sub in the given values
P2 = 1.15 * .414 / .825 = .577 atm
7. A movable piston is allowed to cool from 392°F to 104°F. If the initial volume is 105 mL,
what will be the new volume?
Answer:
27.9 mL
Explanation:
To find the new volume, you need to use the Charles' Law equation:
V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂
In this equation, "V₁" and "T₁" represent the initial volume and temperature. "V₂" and "T₂" represent the final volume and temperature.
V₁ = 105 mL V₂ = ? mL
T₁ = 392 °F T₂ = 104 °F
V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂ <----- Charles' Law
105 mL / 392 °F = V₂ / 104 °F <----- Insert values
0.26785 = V₂ / 104 °F <----- Simplify left side
27.9 = V₂ <----- Multiply both sides by 104
Alkenes are an example of unsaturated hydrocarbon that are more reactive than saturated hydrocarbons because it contains double bonds which can break and compounds can react with hydrogen.
Yes. Unsaturated hydrocarbon are more reactive than saturated hydrocarbons because it contains double bonds which can break and compounds can react with hydrogen.
Due to the double and triple bonds between carbon atoms in unsaturated hydrocarbons, which are weaker than the single bonds in saturated hydrocarbons due to the presence of weaker pi bonds, these unsaturated hydrocarbons are more reactive than single bonded carbon compounds and react more quickly when used in reactions.
For example, unsaturated hydrocarbons are used to make paint, lubricants, and insecticides, among other industrial products. They are utilised in numerous chemical reactions because they are reactive.
Therefore, Unsaturated hydrocarbon are more reactive than saturated hydrocarbons.
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The formation constant for the reaction ag (aq) 2nh3(aq) ag(nh3)2 (aq) is kf = 1.7 × 107 at 25°c. what is δg° at this temperature? (r = 8.314 j/k• mol)?
The value of ΔG° at this temperature is -18034.18 J/mol
Calculation,
Given information
formation constant (Kf)= 1.7 × [tex]10^{7}[/tex]
Universal gas constant (R) = 8.314 J/K• mol
Temperature = 25° C = 25 °C + 273 = 300 K
Formula used:
ΔG° = -RT㏑Kf
By putting the valur of R,T, Kf we get the value of ΔG°
ΔG° = - 8.314 J/K• mol×300K㏑ 1.7 × [tex]10^{7}[/tex]
ΔG° = -2494.2㏑ 1.7 × [tex]10^{7}[/tex] = -18034.18 J/mol
So, change in standard Gibbs's free energy is -18034.18 J/mol
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hich of the following is an oxidation-reduction reaction?
ZnS(s) + 2O2(g) Right arrow. ZnSO4(s)
CaO(s) + H2O(l) Right arrow. Ca(OH)2(s)
6Li2O(s) + P4O10(g) Right arrow. 4Li3PO4(s)
SO2(g) + H2O(l) Right arrow. H2SO3(aq)
The oxidation-reduction reaction from the reactions above is
ZnS(s) + 2O2(g) ------ ZnSO4(s)
What is redox reactions?Oxidation-reduction or redox reaction is the type of chemical reaction in which oxidation states of substrate changes
So therefore, the oxidation-reduction reaction from the reactions above is
ZnS(s) + 2O2(g) ------ ZnSO4(s)
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see the attached photo*** can someone please explain how to do this for me? I really need help on my summer school thank you !
Answer:
See attached image.
Explanation:
See attached image.
Remember to use the units in deciding steps to take. Find the moles needed or delivered by using:
Molarity x Volume = moles [(moles/L)*(L) = moles]
Molarity, M, is dedined as 1 mole/liter. When working with a unit such as 6M, rewite it as 6 moles/liter, and then use unit conversions to guide how to find the solution, so to speak.
Minerals are all naturally occurring solid substances with a definable chemical composition. they also must possess _____________.
They must also possess a fixed crystalline structure (spatial arrangement of atoms and ions).
What are the properties of minerals?Color is one category, however it is not necessarily a reliable indicator of a mineral's identity. Numerous minerals can be found in a variety of colors, and many minerals contain additional compounds that give them a surprising color.The way a mineral reflects light is called luster. The characteristics of minerals include metallic, pearly, glassy, smooth, greasy, dazzling, or drab.When particular minerals cleave, they do so in a distinct manner.By observing how simple it is to scrape a mineral, hardness is determined.The chemical composition of each occurrence of a mineral varies within a narrow range, and the atoms that make up the mineral must exist in particular ratios.In a mineral, the atoms are arranged in a recurring, predictable pattern.
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Calculate the pH if the pOH = 0.59.
Answer:
pH = 13.41
Explanation:
You can calculate the pH using the following formula:
pH + pOH = 14
You can plug the given pOH into the equation and simplify to find the pH.
pH + pOH = 14
pH + 0.59 = 14
pH = 13.41
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How does a heterogeneous mixture differ from a homogeneous mixture? How are they similar?
A homogenous mixture has uniformly dispersed components while a heterogeneous mixture does not.
Homogenous vs heterogeneous mixturesFirst of all, both homogenous and heterogenous mixtures consist of 2 or more non-reacting chemical components.
In homogenous mixtures, the chemical components are uniformly dispersed throughout the entire mixture.
In heterogeneous mixtures, the reverse is the case. The components are not uniformly dispersed. They are skewed to a particular side.
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