In the dna isolation process, ________ is used to break down the protein complexes and allow the dna molecules to easily precipitate.

Answers

Answer 1

In the DNA isolation process, "meat tenderizer" is used to break down the protein complexes and allow the DNA molecules to easily precipitate.

What is DNA isolation/extraction?

Extraction of DNA is a common practice used to separate DNA from cell nuclei.

The process of DNA isolation involves-

Step 1: Cracking open cells to release DNA

The cells in a specimen are separated from one another, frequently by physical techniques like grinding or vacuum filtration, and then placed in a salt solution.

Step 2: Distinguishing DNA from protein and additional cellular waste

It's important to get rid of as much cellular waste as you can to obtain a pure DNA sample. There are numerous ways to accomplish this. To destroy DNA-associated protein and other cellular proteins, a protease (protein enzyme) is frequently introduced.

Step 3: Use an alcohol to precipitate the DNA

Finally, the DNA sample is carefully infused with ice-cold alcohol (whether ethanol or isopropanol). While salt and alcohol make DNA insoluble, it is soluble in water.

Step 4: DNA cleaning

Now that the DNA sample has been refined further (cleaned). Then it is ready for use after being resuspended in such a slightly alkaline buffer.

Step 5: Verifying the DNA's presence and condition

The concentration of DNA in a sample can be ascertained using spectrophotometer readings of optical density.

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Related Questions

Which one of the following conditions is linked to poverty, insufficient food intake, poor food quality unsanitary living conditions, and improper feeding of infants and young children?

Obesity
Heart disease
Cancer
Protein-energy malnutrition

Answers

Answer: Protein-energy malnutrition

Answer: Protein-energy malnutrition

Explanation:

What will happen to a specifies if an environment gradient changes so rapidly that it quickly goes beyond a specfies limit of tolerance before the species?

Answers

They termed the gradual change in species if  environmental gradient is change as vegetational gradient also called ecocline. Environmental gradient  also known as climate gradient is a change in abiotic factors( non-living) through the interval of time.

There are some factors which is related to the environmental gradient such as altitude, depth, soil , temperature, precipitation. It is important for analysis to help the geographic distribution of species and ecosystems. Species diversity distribution is not even across the globe , so the richness of species is clustered in equatorial regions and decreases as one move away from polar region.

Gradient analysis is enables us to use the varied abiotic or non-living aspects of our environment and its surrounding that can be explained by geographic distribution of species and ecosystem.

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Based on the information provided, what do you think the most ideal parameters would be for optimal glucose production?

Answers

The most ideal parameters for optimal glucose production are insulin sensitivity SI, glucose effectiveness SG, insulin action p2 and the volume of distribution of glucose V.

What is used for glucose production?

Insulin, glucagon, and hepatocyte-derived factors are used in these activities. Gut: Hormones are released in the gut in response to nutrition intake. These hormones affect hunger, stomach emptying, glucose production, and glucose elimination.

After eating, the beta cells release insulin into the bloodstream as your blood glucose levels rise. In order for glucose to enter muscle, fat, and liver cells, insulin works as a key to unlocking those cells. The majority of the cells in your body use glucose, lipids, and amino acids (the components of protein) as fuel.

By converting glycogen into glucose, a process known as glycogenolysis, the liver produces sugar or glucose. Additionally, the liver may produce the sugar or glucose that is required by harvesting amino acids, waste, and fat.

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When physical characteristics, such as early onset of menstruation or increased height and weight (due to better nutrition) change over the course of several generations, this is an example of a Group of answer choices d) secondary characteristic. a) generational cycle. b) primary characteristic. c) secular trend.

Answers

This is a multigenerational pattern of change known as a secular trend. It is an adaptation of the organism's expression dependent on the surroundings.

What is meant by a Secular trend?

In the past century, there seems to be a startling trend toward children of all ages getting bigger and bigger. The "secular trend" is what is meant by this. The scale of the tendency in America and Europe is so great that all dwarfs the variations among social strata.

Causes of these things-

The secular tendency has several potential causes.

Better nutrition is undoubtedly a significant factor, with probably extra proteins and carbohydrates in the early stages of infancy. The prevalence of illness may have declined as well. Early menarche was often thought to be strongly linked to hot temperatures, but it appears that their impact, if any, is far less significant than even nourishment.

Therefore it is concluded that the correct choice is option (C) secular trend.

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Create a hypothesis about which carbohydrate (flour, table sugar, or honey) you believe the yeast will be able to metabolize easiest. Be sure to explain why you chose that carbohydrate.

Answers

Yeast will metabolize honey easiest because it consists of the monosaccharides, glucose and fructose.

What are the carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates are the energy-giving foods consumed by man which consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

From the given carbohydrates, Yeast will metabolize honey easiest because it consists of the monosaccharides glucose and fructose.

Table sugar is a sucrose, a disaccharide, while flour is mainly starch, a polysaccharide.

In conclusion, metabolism of monosaccharides is easiest.

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Predict which mechanism of reproductive isolation played a role in trumpeter speciation in the Amazon basin. Note: Trumpeters cannot fly across large rivers.

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Habitat isolation is likely to be most relevant in the case of trumpeters in the Amazon basin.

If trumpeters can not cross rivers, then they would be able to mate with trumpeters on the same side of the river but not on the other side- a form of prezygotic isolation.

what are trumpeters?

The term "trumpeter" comes from the deep, booming territorial call of these chicken-sized, long-necked, hunch-backed, small-headed, short-tailed, dark-plumed, long-legged birds that wander the jungle floors of South America.The land of South America that now the Amazon River and its tributaries drain is recognized as the Amazon basin.

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In a common reflex arc, after a sensory nerve signal is processed by interneurons in the integration center, where does the signal go next?

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In a reflex arc, after a sensory nerve signal is processed by interneurons in the integration center, the signal goes to the motor neuron. The answer is motor neurons.

What is the reflex arc?

The reflex arc refers to the sequence of events since the body receives an external stimulus until it reacts.

In general terms,

1) A stimulus of varying nature reaches the body.

2) The peripheric nervous system -PNS- receives the stimulus and sends this information to the central nervous system -CNS-.

3) The CNS processes the information and sends another signal as a response to the stimulus.

Five elements compose the reflex arc, which are receptors, three types of neurons, and effectors.

The neurons involved in the mechanism are:

Afferent or sensorial neurons

Interneurons

Efferent or motor neurons

Mode of Action:

Ascending branch

The stimulus reaches the body and is received by the specialized sensory receptors.

Afferent neurons, placed in the dermis and epidermis, receive this information from receptors, react and send it to the central nervous system as nerve impulses.

Descending branch

Interneurons in the CNS, process the information and send a motor response.  

Efferent neurons carry the response from the CNS to the effector organs, which might be either a muscle or a gland.

Finally, the target tissue responds to the stimulus as a contraction -muscle-,or as hormones release -gland-.

A motor neuron is formed by a cellular body, dendrites (cytoplasmic extensions that receive stimuli from other cells), and a long axon that is capable of conducting the electrochemical signals.

The axon brunches out into several extensions when it approaches the muscle.

At the end of each brunch, the axon is inserted in the muscle fiber surface, composing neuromuscular join.

This is the last part of the NS involved in the process before the muscle contracts.

After a sensory nerve signal is processed by interneurons in the integration center, the signal goes to the motor neuron, and from there to the effector.  

The corrct answer is motorneuron.

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Why are urban areas more likely to flood after heavy precipitation than undeveloped areas?

Answers

Because of the lack of water absorption by structures and paved roads, runoff is substantially higher in urban areas.

What are the reasons for urban flooding?

Ineffective Sewage Systems:

Many of the sewer systems that are still in use today date from the immediate post-World War II period. The majority of these systems struggle even without the additional strain of intense rain or storms because their infrastructure is outdated and deteriorated at this time.

Insufficient Drainage:

Less green space is available in metropolitan areas due to rising urbanization and the constant construction of new buildings. Urbanization depletes the natural drainage systems that are supported by vegetation and soil.

Rapid Population Growth:

Urban population growth is accelerating, yet most cities' infrastructure cannot keep up. Populations have increased during the post-war era, outpacing the capacity of the sewage facilities put in place at that time. It stresses systems that are already vulnerable.

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What is plant development biology??​

Answers

♨ANSWER♥

Plant Developmental Biology encompasses the study of how complex multicellular plants are developed from a single zygotic cell.

...hope this helps...

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If blood is in short supply, which blood type would be the most beneficial to have on hand if someone needed a blood
transfusion?
O AB+
O AB-

Answers

Answer:

o AB+

Explanation:

the recipient is a universal recipient

________________, which is abbreviated _____, is a test to screen blood for antibodies to the AIDS virus. Western blot, WB Immunoelectrophoresis, IEP Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA Complete blood count, CBC

Answers

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which is abbreviated ELISA, is a test to screen blood for antibodies to the AIDS virus.

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most common HIV tests use blood to detect HIV infection. In this techniques, a patient's blood sample is used to tested for antibodies. Oral fluid may also be used to perform an ELISA collected from the cheeks and gums.

An HIV antibody response can be detected as early as two weeks in a few people and in more than 99.9% of people by 12 weeks. An antibody test at 4 weeks will detect 95% of infections.

Currently licensed ELISA tests have greater than 98% sensitivity and specificity for HIV. Western blot analysis detects antibodies to specific HIV antigens and is best used as a confirmatory test. In spite of the high sensitivity and specificity of both tests, false-positive and false-negative results do occur.

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mitochondria or submitochondrial particles can carry out the following coupled reaction: 2 cyt c (red) 1/2 o2 adp pi -> 2 cyt c (ox) h2o atp

Answers

Complex IV, also known as cytochrome c oxidase, oxidizes cytochrome c and transfers the electrons to oxygen, the final electron carrier in aerobic cellular respiration.

What is aerobic cellular respiration?

In the presence of oxygen gas, cells undergo cellular respiration, which is how energy from food is produced. The majority of plants, animals, birds, humans, and other mammals all engage in this sort of respiration regularly. As byproducts of this process, water and carbon dioxide are created.

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An object created by human beings that is of cultural interest is a(n) __________.

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An object created by human beings that is of cultural interest is an artifact.

A human-made object is referred to as an artifact. The term "artifact" refers to anything created by a person or group of people, regardless of time or location, including works of art, tools, and clothes.

The word can also be used to describe a piece of broken pottery or glass or other object remnants. For academics seeking to understand a culture, artifacts are of great value. Historical and cultural, media, knowledge, and data are the four different types of artifacts.

Therefore, An object created by human beings that is of cultural interest is an artifact.

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NEED HELP I WILL FAIL

You are an anthropologist analyzing bone remains from the grave of an ancient female human. Within one of the bones, you find an unusually high concentration of collagen. What does this suggest about the ancient female? (2 points)

She broke a bone and then died before it was fully healed.
She broke a bone and then died a few hours later.
She broke a bone at a very young age, but it fully healed.
She broke a bone at a very young age, but it did not fully heal.

Answers

She broke a bone and then died before it was fully healed. Option A

What is collagen?

The collagen is a substance that serves to strengthen the bones. However, if a person gets older, its production reduces thereby making the bones to weaken.

When a person breaks a bone, the body secretes a lot of collagen to help the bone to heal. Therefore, if there is a high concentration of collagen present, it indicates that she broke a bone and then died before it was fully healed. Option A

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what does meteorologist study

Answers

Meteorology is the study of weather, climate, and the forces that cause change in our environment.

Answer:

weather

Explanation:

In negative control of transcription by the lac operon, how does the presence of an inducer affect transcription?.

Answers

In case, if the inducer of lac operon [allolactose] is present in the medium during negative control, then it can bind to the repressor and decrease the binding affinity of the repressor with the operator due to which the level of transcription increases.

Operon can be understood as an arrangement having multiple genes, all of which are being regulated under the same promoter. ex- Lac operon

Lac Operon is a set of three genes z, y & a which are regulated under the same promoter which regulates the amount of lactose production in the cell.

Under negative control, glucose is present and lactose is absent due to which no CAP [catabolite repressor protein] binding occurs, the repressor remains active and thus binds to the operator region of operon hindering the transcription process.

But, when the inducer will be present then it will manipulate the action of the repressor due to which the level of transcription increases.

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Scientific name of
Raw fish?​

Answers

Answer:

The scientific name is Pellona sardinão.

Explanation:

Hope this helps!

If not, I am sorry.

The effects of vibration loading on adipose stem cell number, viability and differentiation towards bone-forming cells

Answers

Vibration loading on adipose stem cell:

Mechanical stimulation has a significant impact on bone cell and precursor metabolism. BM or osteogenic medium (OM), which is BM augmented with 250 M ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, 5 nM dexamethasone, and 10 mM-glycerophosphate, were both used to cultivate human ASCs. The effects on attachment, viability, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization were examined after hASCs were stimulated with high frequency (50 and 100 Hz) and high magnitude (3 g) vibration for three hours each day for two weeks using a specially designed vibration loading device.

Without vibration, control cells were grown similarly. ASDWe hypothesized that vibration loading would stimulate bone-forming cell differentiation while inhibiting fat tissue differentiation in human adipose stem cells (hASCs). We created a vibration-loading device that delivers 3g of peak acceleration to cells cultured in well plates at frequencies of 50 and 100 Hz.

 Vibration-loading device and principleof operation

controllable vibration-loading device, designed andbuilt at the Biomedical Engineering Department. A block diagram of the complete system is shown. An electromagnetic linear motionengine composed of a sound-producing Lab 12 subwoo-fer (Eminence Speaker LLC, KY, USA) was employedto produce the vibration loading. The unit was drivenby a microcontroller-based signal source that was pro-vided with a direct accelerometer feedback. TheADXL321 accelerometer. Analogue Devices  was mounted on the same attachment systemas the cell culture plates. The modulatedsquare wave signal was amplified by a T.AMP E800audio amplifier to produce the desired g-force. Peak acceleration of3gwas achieved by adjusting the amplitude of theoutput signal, corresponding to the vertical displacement.

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---------------- is the finest material can be blasted more than 20 kilometers into the atmosphere and carried much farther downwind than the larger blocks which fall to earth on the volcano itself.

Answers

Pyroclastic materials are classified according to their size, measured in milli meters: dust (less than 0.6 mm [0.02 inch]), ash (fragments between 0.6 and 2 mm [0.02 to 0.08 inch]), cinders (fragments between 2 and 64 mm [0.08 and 2.5 inches], also known as lapilli), blocks (angular fragments greater than 64 mm), and bombs (rounded fragments greater than 64 mm).

The fluid nature of a pyroclastic flow is maintained by the turbulence of its internal gases. Both the incandescent pyroclastic particles and the rolling clouds of dust that rise above them actively liberate more gas. The expansion of these gases accounts for the nearly frictionless character of the flow as well as its great mobility and destructive power.

Pyroclastic flow, in a volcanic eruption, a fluidized mixture of hot rock fragments, hot gases, and entrapped air that moves at high speed in thick, gray-to-black, turbulent clouds that hug the ground. The temperature of the volcanic gases can reach about 600 to 700 °C (1,100 to 1,300 °F). The velocity of a flow often exceeds 100 km (60 miles) per hour and may attain speeds as great as 160 km (100 miles) per hour.

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mmature B lymphocytes undergo clonal deletion in the bone marrow. Group of answer choices True False

Answers

True, Immature B lymphocytes undergo clonal deletion in the bone marrow.

What are immature B lymphocytes? How does it undergo clonal deletion in the bone marrow?

In the bone marrow and thymus, lymphocytes are born. The names of T cells and B cells come from the organs in which they are born. T cells form in the thymus, whereas B cells form in the bone marrow of adults or the liver of fetuses in mammals.

Most mammals' bone marrow is where immature B lymphocytes are made. The B cell will die via apoptosis, also known as a clonal deletion if it fails at any stage of the maturation process. Positive selection is used in this situation. Negative selection is also used to check the autoreactivity of B cells. These B cells will perish through clonal deletion if they have a high affinity for attaching to self-antigens. In the bone marrow, immature B cells that bind self-antigen perish because they are highly susceptible to antigen binding.

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How might this factory affect the carbon and water cycle? a photo shows smoke coming out from industrial chimneys against the backdrop of a clear morning sky. the factory can affect the carbon cycle by releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. because carbon dioxide is a , it can trap the sun’s heat in the atmosphere. because the factory is made of concrete, it may deplete groundwater levels over time by not allowing water to .

Answers

The factory might affect the carbon and water cycle by:

Greenhouse gas and infiltrate.

What is Greenhouse gas?

A greenhouse gas is a gas that reflects heat in all directions while absorbing infrared radiation (IR).

The atmosphere of the earth contains greenhouse gases, which absorb solar IR and then emit it.

Along with heat from the sun that has entered the atmosphere, some of the heat emitted makes it to the earth.

What is the Carbon Cycle?

The continual flow or movement of inorganic and organic carbon molecules and compounds in the atmosphere and other parts of the globe is known as the carbon cycle.

What is the role of carbon in nature?

One of the greenhouse gas's components, carbon dioxide, is what causes the planet's temperature to rise and cause global warming. They significantly trap solar heat, warming the planet's atmosphere.

Because greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen keep the planet's temperature stable, they contribute significantly to global warming.

Hence, the correct answers are:

Greenhouse gas and infiltrate.

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Answer:

Shortened answer:
1. Greenhouse Gas
2. Infiltrate

Explanation:

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Tropic hormones Multiple Choice stimulate certain endocrine glands to secrete hormones. function in only one sex. block the actions of hormones that endocrine glands secrete. only function in the tropics.

Answers

Certain endocrine glands are stimulated to release hormones by tropic hormones.

What is a tropic hormone?

Hormones are typically chemical communicators that are released in one place and moved to another place to trigger a physiological response. However, certain hormones released by one endocrine gland serve to stimulate or control the release of other hormones from a different endocrine gland. Tropic hormones are the name given to this class of hormones.The anterior pituitary glands, known as the "master gland," secretes a hormone that regulates the release of another hormone by the adrenal gland. A tropic hormone is a hormone released by the pituitary gland. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), which is released by the anterior pituitary gland, is an illustration of a tropic hormone.

Therefore option A is the correct choice.

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[OSS.03]A solar wind is an event during which solar activity increases due to the emission of charged particles by the sun's outer atmosphere. Which of these is most
likely to happen during a solar wind?
A) communication satellites may transfer data faster
B) satellite based internet services may be disrupted
C) the auroras will not be visible at any location on Earth
D) electric current will not be supplied to any location on Earth

Answers

Would likely happen during a solar wind satellite-based internet services could be disrupted

B) Satellite-based internet services may be disrupted

What is solar wind?

The solar wind is a continuous flow of particles consisting mainly of protons and electrons, which escape the gravitational pull of the Sun. These particles are energized by high temperatures in the corona, these particles leave the sun at speeds ranging from 300 to 800 km/s.

With this information, we can conclude that Upon reaching Earth, they can cause geomagnetic storms and damage to electrical appliances, interference with telecommunications, changes in satellite orbits due to heating and change in altitude of the upper layers of the atmosphere, among others.

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Which method offers the most reliable way of assessing whether athletic performance is boosted by drinking soda with caffeine in it?

Answers

The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine changes in the development of the urine caffeine content within each sport. Due to the non-normal distribution of the urine caffeine levels, non-parametric statistics were later used. Crosstab and Chi-Square tests, along with adjusted normalised residuals, were used to examine the variations in sample distribution among ranges of urine caffeine content.

One amongst the most popular drugs used by athletes to improve their performance in competition is caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine).

Evidence suggests that a variety of administration methods, including capsules/tablets, caffeinated drinks (such as energy drinks and sports drinks), liquids (such as coffee), and chewing gum, can be used to receive caffeine performance-enhancing characteristics.

However, due to the widespread availability of these goods on the market, caffeinated beverages have taken over as the primary method of caffeine administration in sports.

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The majority of neurotransmitters migrate across the synaptic gap and latch onto receptor sites of the receiving neuron's:

Answers

Dendrites of the postsynaptic neurons are the structures that receive chemical messages -neurotransmitters- from the presynaptic neurons. The correct option is D. Dendrites.

What is a synapse?

Neurons are cells that communicate with each other through the transmition of nervous impulses.

Every neuron forms connections with other neurons or with effector organs, such as the muscle. These connections are known as synapses.

Synapses can be either chemical or electrical. The most common one is the chemical synapses that involve the release of a substance known as a neurotransmitter.

During chemical synapses, when a presynaptic neuron sends information, it releases neurotransmitters. This event is done through exocytosis.

The neurotransmitter is a molecule that travels through the synaptic space forward to the dendrites of the other neuron or to the effector cell. Once the chemical reaches the postsynaptic membrane, it binds to its receptors.

This binding neurotransmitter-receptor produces excitatory postsynaptic potential, which is the depolarization of the postsynaptic cell.

Once the action potential is initiated, it spreads to the rest of the membrane, depolarizing it.

According to this framework, when two neurons communicate, the neurotransmitter released by one of them reaches the receptors located in the dendrites of the postsynaptic cell.

Dendrites are the structures that receive chemical messages from the other cells.

The correct option is D. Dendrites.

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The majority of neurotransmitters migrate across the synaptic gap and latch onto receptor sites of the receiving neuron's

A. Myelin sheath

B. Axons

C. Vesicles

D. Dendrites

Ethan has been eating salads without first washing the lettuce. He risks ingesting which type of bacteria?

Answers

Ethan has been eating salads without first washing the lettuce. He risks ingesting E-Coli and Salmonella bacteria.

You could inhale dangerous bacteria from the soil or pesticides used on the produce in the fields if you eat unwashed produce. Furthermore, it's possible that you'll consume bugs that were collected with the produce.Animal-based foods like meat, poultry, eggs, dairy products, and shellfish are frequently the cause of food poisoning in humans.Fruits, vegetables, and other raw foods, however, can potentially be polluted and sicken people if they aren't rinsed beforehand.Fruits and vegetables that are the safest are cooked; those that are the next-safest are washed. Prevent eating unwashed fresh food. Fresh produce has many health benefits, but eating raw fruits and vegetables occasionally puts you at risk for food poisoning from pathogens including Salmonella, E. coli, and Listeria.

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Describe the physiological process that occurs from the time the pathogen infects the body to the time the chemical is made.

Answers

An inflammatory response begins when a pathogen stimulates an increase in blood flow to the infected area.

Blood vessels in that area expand, and white blood cells leak from the vessels to invade the infected tissue. These white blood cells, called phagocytes engulf and destroy bacteria.

Viruses make us sick by killing cells or disrupting cell function. Our bodies often respond with fever (heat inactivates many viruses), with the secretion of a chemical called interferon (which blocks viruses from reproducing), or by marshaling the immune system's antibodies and other cells to target the invader.

The body reacts to disease-causing bacteria by increasing local blood flow (inflammation) and sending in cells from the immune system to attack and destroy the bacteria.

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Assuming that all of the following substances are permeable across a selectively permeable membrane, which of the following molecules would you predict to move fastest across the membrane

Answers

The molecule that would move fastest across the membrane is hydrochloric acid (mw = 36).

The water-based, or aqueous, solution of hydrogen chloride gas is known as hydrochloric acid. It is also the primary ingredient in gastric acid, which is naturally produced in the human stomach to aid with food digestion. For a variety of industrial and commercial uses, hydrogen chloride gas can be dissolved in water to create hydrochloric acid. This procedure is just one of many manufacturing methods.

Steel used in the building and construction business can be processed using the powerful, corrosive hydrochloric acid. It is one of the compounds used in the chemical industry to generate calcium chloride, polyurethane foam, and vinyl chloride, which is used to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic on a massive scale.

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rewrite the following sentences correctly

a. Wheat is cultivated for fiver and oil

Answers

Answer:

what is the meaning of non cooperation

Answer:

Oil and wheat is cultivated for fiver

I WILL MARK U BRAINLIEST IF U ANSWER THIS QUESTION!

Cold-blooded animals, such as frogs, are able to deliver blood to their cells once their bodies
warm up. Predict what time of day you think frogs are likely to be most active.

Answers

Answer:

Morning or night

Explanation:

Depending on what time of day is the coolest, cold-blooded animals will be more active during that time. So I know that where I live, it is coolest early morning or late at night but most likely they wouldn't be active during the middle of the day when it is the hottest.

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