increased co2 in the atmosphere since the industrial revolution has resulted in lower surface ocean ph of about ph units.

If Ozone does not absorb UV radiation the temperature would rise enormously and the life on planet will be at risk.

This is because the Ozone layer covers the Earth and has the foremost function of absorbing and trapping the incoming UV and IR radiations, which if not absorbed can heat up the planet thereby increasing its overall temperature.

The non-entrapment of UV,IR rays will be futile to the biological contents of Earth and even cause fatalities to  the abiotic components of the planet .Observations have shown that the increase in emission of greenhouse gases like Carbon dioxide, methane and synthetic chemicals like CFCs  disrupted the Ozone layer eventually affecting the climate.

Ozone damage impact the climate primarily by fluctuating the temperature. The more ozone in a given quantity of air, the more heat it traps. Ozone generates heat in the stratosphere, both by absorbing the sun's UV radiation and by absorbing IR radiation from the lower layer of atmosphere.

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Metal solids tend to be good conductors because of the property of electron mobility.

Metal cations are the building blocks of metallic solids, and a delocalized "sea" of valence electrons holds them all together. Metallic solids are good conductors of heat and electricity because of the mobility of their electrons. Metal atoms bound together by metallic bonds form metallic solids, which are solids. These linkages act as expansive molecular orbitals that cover the entire solid.

The electrons in metallic solids are hence delocalized. They are not only linked together by two atoms in a sigma bond. Metals are effective heat and electricity conductors because they contain at least one free electron per atom, which means that it is not bound to any one atom and is therefore free to travel about the metal.

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Californium -249 is the isotope, when bombarded with oxygen-18, yields the artificial isotope seaborgium-263 plus 4 neutrons.

Californium is a radioactive chemical element with the symbol Cf and atomic number 98. The element was first synthesized by bombarding curium with alpha particles (helium-4 ions).

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Dispersion does not change the chemical identity of the solute.

The dispersed phase is solute and dispersed medium is solvent. When ink is added to the water then it is dispersed in water, therefore the chemical identity is not changed.

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The statement true about Exothermic reaction is

The reactants have more heat energy than the products.

What is exothermic reaction ?

A chemical reaction that releases energy is called exothermic. In an exothermic reaction, more energy is released forming a bond in the product than is used to break the bond in the reactants. An exothermic reaction is accompanied by an increase in temperature of the reaction mixture.

If a reaction releases more energy than it absorbs, the reaction is exothermic and enthalpy will be negative. Think of this as an amount of heat leaving (or being subtracted from) the reaction. If a reaction absorbs or uses more energy than it releases, the reaction is endothermic, and enthalpy will be positive.

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The time taken to deposits one mole of silver if a current of 6 ampere is passed through the silver trioxonitrate solution is 16083 seconds or 283 minutes.

Electrolysis is the process of converting electrical energy into chemical energy.  If current is passed between two electrodes which are immerse in an electrolyte solution, the metal which is reduced will deposited at the cathode.

The weight of the deposited metal w related with its equivalent weight z, current I and time t is :

w = zIt /96500.

One mole of silver is 108 g. Its equivalent weight also be 108 g Thus the time t is calculated as follows:

108 g = 108 × 6 × t /96500

      t = 96500/6

        = 160835 seconds or 268 minutes.

Hence, the time taken to deposits one mole of silver in this electrolysis is 268 minutes.

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1.6 ml volume of 6.00 m acetic acid is needed to 200 ml of 0.05 m acetic acid

WE know that

V1 * M1 = V2 * M2

V2 = 200 ml = 0.2 l

M1 = 6.00 m

M2 = 0.05 m

V1 * 6m = 0.2 l * 0.05 m

V1 = (0.2 * 0.05) / 6

V1 = 0.0016 L

V1 = 1.6 ml

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Molecular formula of xanthophyll is C₄₀ H₅₆O₂ .

In the question given that

Compund xanthophyll is yellow in color and found in bird feathers and flowers.

It contains carbon , hydrogen and oxygen in ratio 20:28:1 .

Molecular formula : Μultiply each index of the molecular formula by n to get the molecular formula, as denoted by the general empirical formula AxBy: (AxBy)n= AₙₓBₙᵧ

from the given ration of composition of elements in compund we can drive empirical formula of xanthophyll.

empirical formula is C₂₀H₂₈O

Now , time to drive molecular formula for xanthophyll.

Molar mass of xanthophyll = 659g/mol

empirical formula mass = 12×20+1× 28+2× 16 = 300 g/mol

n formula per unit = molar mass of compound / empirical formula mass

=> n = 659/ 300 = 2.1 ~ 2

So , Molecular formula of xanthophyll is (C₂₀H₂₈O)2 = C₄₀H₅₆O₂

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On balancing the reaction of formation of ammonia we know that for every one mole of Nitrogen gas, we need three moles of Hydrogen gas to produce, two mole of the ammonia.

We are given with volume of Hydrogen gas i.e. 2.9 ml and are asked to determine the volume of ammonia

Since the volume of hydrogen is given as 2.9 ml = 2.9/1000 l

Mole of hydrogen =2.9/(22.4)(1000)

Mole of hydrogen = 0.129/1000 moles of H₂

Get the number of moles of NH₃

Number of moles of  NH₃ = 2/3 of moles of Hydrogen

Number of moles of  NH₃ = 2/3 * 0.129/1000 moles of H₂

Number of moles of  NH₃ =0.0863/1000 moles of  NH₃

Get the volume of ammonia  NH₃

Volume of ammonia produced = 0.0863 * 22.4

Volume of ammonia produced = 1.933 ml

Hence the volume of ammonia that would be produced by this reaction if 2.9 ml of hydrogen were consumed is 1.933 ml

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True, Combined gas law does relates volume and temperature.

The combined gas law is effectively a restructuring of the ideal gas law, where both n (mols of gas) and R (already a constant) remain constant. It can be used to determine how changes in pressure, volume, or temperature can be used to calculate the conditions of the resulting system.

The combined gas law is a combination of the three previously known laws which are- Boyle’s law PV = K, Charles law V/T = K, and Gay-Lussac’s law P/T = K. Therefore, the formula of combined gas law is PV/T = K,

Where P = pressure, T = temperature, V = volume, K is constant.

One can adjust the formula for the combined gas law so as to compare two sets of conditions in one substance. In the equation, the figures for temperature (T), pressure (P), and volume (V) with subscripts of one are representative of the initial condition. Also, those with the subscripts of two are representative of the final condition.

So we can conclude that the combined gas law relates volume and temperature.

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In periodic table group 5A consist of nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic and the group 7A consist of all the halogens.

The periodic table is a table form of chemical elements arranged according to atomic number, starting with hydrogen and ends to oganesson, which has the highest atomic number.

Because they are arranged in table form  of the elements, it is known as the periodic table. They're present in rows and columns. Periods and Groups are the names given to the horizontal rows that comes from left to right and the vertical columns that comes from top to bottom.

Thus, Group 5A contain nitrogen, phosphorus , arsenic compounds while in group 7A contain all the halogens.

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0.3147128245 moles of AgNO₃ will be needed to completely react with 10.0 g of Cu.

Determine the number of moles of copper by dividing its mass by its molar mass.

moles Cu = mass Cu / MM Cu

moles Cu = 10.0 g/ 63.55 g/mol

moles Cu = 0.1573564123

Based on the balanced chemical reaction between copper and silver nitrate, 1 mole Cu needs 2 moles AgNO₃ to proceed with the reaction completely.

Cu + 2AgNO₃ ⇒ 2Ag + Cu(NO₃)₂

If there are 0.1573564123 moles Cu, then 0.3147128245 moles AgNO₃ is needed.

moles AgNO₃ = 0.1573564123 moles Cu(2 moles AgNO₃ / 1 mole Cu)

moles AgNO₃ = 0.3147128245

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Benzoic acid showed a smaller rf value than 9-fluorenone in the TLC result because of its different attraction phase, stationary phase, and mobile phase.

The Rf esteem depends on the stationary stage and portable stage of the TLC plate. The Rf esteem of a compound changes based on how pulled it is to the stationary and versatile stages.

As a rule, the stationary stage is silica gel, which is very polar, so the versatile stage is moderately non-polar.  

Benzoic corrosive is moderately polar since it incorporates a carboxylic corrosive bunch. So, it would have a moo Rf value on a TLC plate with silica gel as the stationary stage and hexane as the versatile stage.

The Rf esteem on a TLC plate with silica gel as the stationary stage and 60:40 hexane: ethyl acetic acid derivation as the versatile stage.

The benzoic corrosive would be more pulled into the generally polar 60:40 hexane: ethyl acetic acid derivation than the non-polar hexane portable stage.

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The process is isobaric as a result of the separator breaking down. The amount of benzene in the liquid leaving the separator increases, This is also known as isobaric process.

A thermodynamic process known as an isobaric process occurs at a fixed pressure. Greek words "iso" and "baros," which both signify equal pressure, were used to create the phrase "isobaric." Therefore, when the volume is increased or decreased, the constant pressure is obtained.

With the molecular formula C6H6, benzoene is an organic chemical substance. Six carbon atoms linked together in a planar ring, with one hydrogen atom connected to each, make up the benzene molecule. Benzene is a hydrocarbon since it is made up only of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

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The subscript outside of the parentheses in such a formula indicates that you must multiply it by the number of atoms within to calculate the number of atoms.

One or more electrons with negative charges surround the core nucleus of an atom, which is made up of all of them. One or more protons and neutrons, which are comparatively heavy particles, can be found in the positively charged nucleus. The fundamental units of matter are called atoms.

It is made up of neutrons, which have no charge, and protons, with a positive charge. All regular, naturally occurring atoms contain protons, neutrons, and the electrons that orbit them. These particles have a lengthy lifetime. Along with these three categories of particles, more subatomic particles might be present.

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The specific heat of the object can be obtained as 1.3 J/Kg/°C.

We know that energy can neither be created nor destroyed. The meaning of this is that, when the object looses heat, the heat must be transferred to the water since the heat energy can not be lost.

Thus;

Heat lost by the object = Heat gained by water.

Let us denote the heat lost using a negative sign.

Then;

H = mcdT

H = heat lost/ gained

m = mass of the object

dT = temperature change

Then;

-(59 * c * (27.5 - 98)) = 150 * 4.18 * (27.5 - 19))

4159.5c = 5329.5

c = 5329.5/4159.5

c = 1.3 J/Kg/°C

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No, a process that is internally reversible and adiabatic is not necessarily isentropic. A process is isentropic if there is no change in entropy during the process. However, a process can be internally reversible and adiabatic and still have a change in entropy.

Entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system, and a reversible process can still have a change in entropy if the system is not in equilibrium.A reversible process is one that can be reversed without any change in entropy. However, if the system is not in equilibrium, the process can still have a change in entropy. This is because the entropy of a system is a measure of the disorder of the system, and a system that is not in equilibrium is not in a state of maximum disorder.

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4.609 grams of water will be produced from the combustion of 3.36 g of ethane gas with 9.56 g of oxygen gas. The chemical element with the atomic number 8 and symbol O is called oxygen.

Oxygen belongs to the periodic table's chalcogen group, is a very reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that easily produces oxides with most elements as well as other compounds.

The chemical formula for ethane, a paraffin series hydrocarbon with the properties of being colourless, odorless, and gaseous, is C2H6. The only hydrocarbon with a single carbon-carbon bond has the simplest structural makeup, and that is ethane. The primary use of ethylene, a feedstock for making plastics, is ethane.

A variety of intermediate products, the majority of which are transformed into plastics, are produced by the petrochemical industry using ethylene, which is primarily produced from ethane.

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The total outer atoms present in a molecule with planar shape are four and total lone pairs are 2.

Square planar shape is formed when there are four bonds and two lone pairs on the central atom.

The four atoms that are attached to the central atom are known as the four outer atoms. These atoms are arranged in such a way that it makes the square shape. The outer atoms are not always fours. They can be 2,3 or four.

The lone pairs are present on the central atom.

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The pH at midpoint in the titration will be 3.16

The pH at the midpoint of the titration (the half-equivalence point) will be equal to the pKa of nitrous acid i.e. 3.16. The calculation is quite simple as the Ka value is 4.0 x 10^-4. To find pKa =  -log Ka.

Thus, pKa = -log (4.0 x 10^-4) = 3.16

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The calculations possible using only 28.02 g/mol as a conversion factor are:

One of many ways to do a conversion in chemistry is by using the conversion factor. It is an arithmetical multiplier for converting a quantity of a unit to the equivalent expressed in another.

Given the conversion factor of 28.02 g/mol (molar mass of nitrogen), we could calculate the grams of  N2 in 5.03 x 10^20 moles of nitrogen gas. We also can calculate the moles of N2 molecules in 3.94 grams of nitrogen gas by using 28.02 g/mol as the conversion factor.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Here, we see that on the left-hand side the elements are as such -

TI - 1

O - 2

Cl - 2

C - 1

On the right-hand side, we have -

TI - 1

Cl - 1

C - 1

O - 2

So, this is how they will be balanced out -

2TIO₂ + Cl₂ + 2C => 2TICl + 2CO₂

Answer:

linear

Explanation:

carbon doixide is a nonpolar covalent bond since their polar charges repels each other at 180 degrees that is why its linear.

please rate it,thanks.

pH before addition of any KOH = 4.10

pH after addition of any KOH = 7.40

The quantitative measure of the acidity or basicity of aqueous or other liquid solutions is known as pH. In pure neutral (neither acidic nor alkaline) water, the concentration of hydrogen ions is 10⁻⁷ gram-equivalents per liter, which means a pH of 7. Solutions below pH 7 are acidic. Solutions of pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline.

For the given question:

HClO ⇄ H⁺ + ClO⁻

Kₐ = 4 × 10⁻⁸

Kₐ = [H⁺ ][ClO⁻]/[HClO]

Let, [H⁺ ] = [ClO⁻] = x

Since [HClO] = 0.160 M

Then,

4 × 10⁻⁸ = x²/0.160

x = 8.0 × 10⁻⁵ M which is [H⁺ ]

pH = -log[H⁺ ]

pH = 4.10

Now initial moles of HClO = 0.05L × 0.160 mol/L

= 8 × 10⁻³ mol

Addition of 25.0 ml KOH adds 4 × 10⁻³ mol of KOH which reacts with HCl forming 4 × 10⁻³ mol ClO⁻ leaving 4 × 10⁻³ mol of HClO

Concentration [ClO⁻] =  4 × 10⁻³ mol / 0.0750L

= 0.0533M

Now,

Kₓ = 4 × 10⁻⁸

= [H⁺ ](0.0533)/(0.0533)

[H⁺ ] = 4 × 10⁻⁸

pH = 7.40

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Final pressure be P₂ = 0.9777 atm.

given data:-

data provided

Volume at first = 23.0 L

1.15 atm initial pressure

The starting temperature is 213.0 K.

498.0 K is the final temperature.

Volume completed: 55.0 L

Final pressure =?

Briefly:-

The generic gas equation states:

P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 is a formula.

Initial pressure is P1.

Initial volume: V1

Initial temperature is T1.

Final pressure is P2.

Final volume is V2.

T2 = Actual temperature.

P2 = P1V1 T2/ T1 V2 P2 = 1 atm 23.0 L 498.0 K / 213.0 K 55.0 L

P2 = 11454 atm .L. K / 11715 K.L

P₂ = 0.9777 atm.

The piston force, sometimes referred to as piston cylinder force, is the force applied to the piston while it is under cylinder pressure. An illustration of this force can be seen in a hydraulic system.

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The molecules of isopropyl alcohol do not stick collectively as strongly at room temperature as water molecules do, because of this the alcohol evaporates more quickly than water does.

DNA isn't soluble in ethanol, consequently, it will clump collectively and come to be visible. The colder the ethanol, the less soluble the DNA can be in it, which is why it's far critical for the ethanol to be kept bloodless.

Isopropyl Alcohol may also shape an ignitable vapor/air combination in closed tanks or boxes. Isopropyl Alcohol can react with AIR and OXYGEN over the years to shape unstable peroxides which can explode. Isopropyl Alcohol forms explosive combos, whilst heated, with ALUMINUM.

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Answer:

4H₂O₂ + PbS = PbSO₄ + 4H₂O

The percent by mass of the water in the hydrate is 83.6 percent.

Calculate the percent by the mass of each detail by using dividing the mass of that element by 1 mole of the compound by using the molar mass of the compound and multiplying by using one hundred%. consider your end result. the chances upload as much as a hundred%.

This system allows for displaying the bottom complete number of moles and the relative range of atoms of every detail in a compound. With the help of the empirical formulation, chemists can also calculate the actual molecular system. This component suggests the exact range of atoms within the compound.

Calculation:-

mass of hydrated sample = 12.2 gram

actual mass = 10.2

percentage mass = 10.2/12.2 × 100

                             =  83.6 percent.

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A physical change does indeed involve a change in composition. Hence,t the given statement is true.

A physical change is one in which the form of the matter is altered but this does not mean it transforms into another. By composition, we refer to the size and the shape of the matter which is altered after a physical change occurs.

A physical change is reversible. This means that even though the shape and size of the matter change completely, it can always be reverted back to how it was by applying all the conditions that were present there before.

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Mass of NaOH that is required to make the solution is 16 grams

To find out the mass of the Sodium hydroxide that is required to make the solution, we need to know the concentration terms.

The concentration of a substance is the quantity of solute present in a given quantity of solution. Concentrations are usually expressed in terms of molarity, defined as the number of moles of solute in 1 L of solution

The formula for concentration is given as:

Concentration =     Moles        

                             Vol of Solution

⇒ Number of moles = Volume × Concentration

                 Moles = 0.10 L × 4.0 Mol/L

                           = 0.4 Moles

Mass of NaOH = Number of moles × Molecular weight

                        = 0.4 mol × 40 ⇒ 16 grams

Therefore the mass of NaOH required to make the solution is 16 grams

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