Rate on 2 year securities 4 years from now=((1+rate on 6 year securities now)^6/(1+rate on 4 year securities)^4))^(1/2)-1= 1.0795^6/1.0565^4)^(1/2)-1=12.7013%.
Security is a tradable economic asset. The term typically refers to any shape of financial instrument, but its prison definition varies by means of jurisdiction. In some nations and languages, humans typically use the term "safety" to consult any shape of the monetary tool, even though the underlying felony and regulatory regime won't have this type of huge definition. In some jurisdictions, the term particularly excludes monetary units other than equities and glued profits units. In some jurisdictions, it includes some devices which might be near equities and stuck income, e.G., equity warrants.
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what are the portfolio weights for a portfolio that has 126 shares of stock a that sell for $36 per share and 106 shares of stock b that sell for $26 per share? (do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 4 decimal places, e.g., .1616.)
Value of portfolio is $8,200 and expected return 11.56%.
1. Value of stock A = 126 × $36 = $4,536
Value of stock B = 106 × $26 = $2,756
Value of portfolio = $4,536 + $2,756
= $7,292
Weight of stock A = $4,536 ÷ $7,292
= 0.6221 × 100
= 62.21%.
Weight of stock B = $2,756 ÷ $7,292
= 0.3779 × 100
= 37.79%.
2. Value of portfolio = $3,600 + $4,600
= $8,200
Weight of stock A = $3,600 ÷ $8,200
= 0.4390 × 100
= 43.90%
Weight of stock B = $4,600 ÷ $8,200
= 0.5610 × 100
= 56.10%.
Portfolio return = 0.4390 × 10% + 0.5610 × 13%
= 4.39 + 7.2930%
= 11.6830%
3. Expected return = 0.16 × (-0.12) + 0.52 × 0.13 + 0.32 × 0.21
= -0.0192 + 0.0676 + 0.0672
= 0.1156 × 100
= 11.56%.
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Money neutrality suggests that an increase in the money supply leads to _____ in price level and inflation and _____ in real gdp.
Money neutrality suggests that an increase in the money supply leads to increase in price level and inflation and inflation in real gdp.
Money neutrality is a thesis in business that states that while an increase in revenue can result in an increase in price level, it has no real impact on the GDP.In other words, money neutrality means that a rise in the value of money has no impact on the economic equilibrium needed to raise the nation’s GDP.According to the money neutrality idea in business, factors like as GPD or employment etc. are unaffected by the increase in money.
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what is a sequence diagram used for? why would an analyst choose a sequence diagram over a communication diagram?
In a sequence diagram, you can see which methods are called and when. The main focus of a communication diagram is on whether or not communication occurs between items.
A communication diagram represents the interactions of objects or communication diagram components as a series of messages. Communication diagrams combine data from Class, Sequence, and Use sequence Case Diagrams to depict the static organization and dynamic behavior of a system.
However, like object diagrams, communication diagrams employ a free-form arrangement of objects and links. Messages are labeled with a communication diagram chronological number and placed close to the sequence link they are sent over in a order to maintain the ordering of messages in such a free-form diagram. You should start at message 1.0 in a communication diagram and read the messages from object to object.
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diversification is: a. the process of entering new industries, distinct from a company's core or original industry, to make new kinds of products for customers in new markets. b. the process of exiting declining industries that are distinct from a company's core or original industry, to make new kinds of product for customers in new markets. c. the process of entering existing industries similar to a company's core or original industry to remake products for customers in established markets. d. the process of exiting new industries, distinct from a company's core or original industry, to make new kinds of products for customers in new markets.
Diversification is defined as the process of entering new industries that are distinct from a company's core or original industry in order to create new types of products for customers in new markets.
Diversification is a method of allocating portfolio resources or capital to a variety of investments. Diversification's ultimate purpose is to reduce portfolio volatility by offsetting losses in one asset class with gains in another. "Do not put all your eggs in one basket," as the saying goes. Diversification is usually used to eliminate or level off unsystematic risk. Unsystematic risk is a firm-specific risk that impacts only one company or a small group of companies. As a result, when a portfolio is well-diversified, assets that outperform compensate for the negative effects of underperforming investments.
Diversification, on the other hand, does not usually impact the inherent or systematic risk that applies to the financial markets as a whole.
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under paragraph 9 of the trec one to four family residential contract, the buyer needs to move in before closing because she is starting a new job and she is moving in from out of state. what kind of tenancy is formed if she moves in early if the parties fail to negotiate a written lease?
The user is in default is the kind of tenancy is formed if she moves in early if the parties fail to negotiate a written lease.
What is default?Computer science standards refer to existing values for user-configurable settings assigned to software applications, computer programs, or devices. Such settings are also known as presets, especially for electronic devices. The default is a default value that applies universally to all instances of a device or model, making the device as accessible "out of the box" as possible without requiring a lengthy configuration process before use. It is intended to Users simply change the default settings according to their personal preferences. Many devices offer users the option to restore these default settings for one or all options. Such an association increases the likelihood that that setting or value will be selected. This is known as the default effect.to learn more about default from the given link :
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suppose a business traveler is willing to pay $1000 to fly from new york city to miami on an unrestricted ticket. the business traveler is willing to pay only $200 if the ticket requires a saturday night stayover. a vacation traveler is willing to pay $250 for the ticket with a saturday night stayover, but is uninterested in purchasing an unrestricted ticket at any price. if the marginal cost (to the airline) of both types of ticket is $100, what is the profit maximizing pricing policy for the airline. what is its total surplus?
producers' surplus times total surplus equals 1050. Profit maximization aims to generate much more profit than your rivals Price discrimination would therefore be required for this.
As a result, the unrestricted ticket will cost $1000, while the restricted ticket will cost $250.
Consequently, both business and leisure travelers will purchase tickets, generating a revenue of $1250 ($1000 + $250).
The Marginal Cost will therefore be $100.
And the profit will be equal to $1050 ($1250-200).
b) Producer surplus plus consumer surplus plus profit equals total surplus.
Since there is no oversupply of consumers in our situation. Because both consumers paid these amounts to the fullest extent of their willingness.
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your family business uses a secret recipe to produce salsa and distributes it through both smaller specialty stores and chain supermarkets. the chain supermarkets have been demanding sizable discounts, but you do not want to drop your prices to the specialty stores. true or false: one way to offer a lower price while defending yourself against antitrust lawsuits would be to offer a volum
Although there are ethical and legal ways to charge prices for different clients, some forms of price discrimination are illegal in some countries.
What is Price discrimination in chain super market ?charging one customer a lower price for the identical product as other customers. In the grocery industry, price discrimination might take the form of omitting to offer price promotions and packaging with a reduced cost per unit. Additionally, it can take the shape of unfavorable payment terms.
Price discrimination is the act of a single retailer, wholesaler, or manufacturer charging various clients varying rates for the same goods. This is a common practice that does not automatically entail discrimination.
When the same vendor sells the same goods or services at various prices, there is price discrimination in the market. Price discrimination aims to maximize the seller's profit, capture the excess of consumers in the market, and produce the greatest amount of sales income for a good offered. Despite the fact that the cost of acquiring the goods is the same, the seller can raise the price in accordance with factors such as geography, customer financial situation, product demand, etc.
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which type of writing would you most likely observe in a business report? colloquial formal conversational casual
The type of writing would most likely observe in a business report is Formal writing.
A business report is defined as a formal record that includes factual data, statistical information, research findings, or any other type of information pertinent to the duties of the position.
This report is a formal document that is short and to the point in order to communicate information in an understandable way. The majority of internal communication in a company is done through business reports.
Writing business reports requires a lot of objectivity. Whatever you say should be backed up with data and facts, not just your personal viewpoint. For instance, you might use data to demonstrate that sales were very low in the most recent quarter rather than just stating it.
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carla and sven have a previous foreclosure, but now they are a few years away from that. they make good money with their jobs, and have about $30,000 available to use for a down payment and closing costs. why might they consider an fha 203(b) loan, even if they have sufficient down payment for a conventional loan?
Carla and sven have a previous foreclosure, but now they are a few years away from that. The lender can consider compensating factors, even if their credit history isn't great if they have sufficient down payment for a conventional loan.
Is it better to go FHA or conventional?
A conventional loan is frequently better if you hold valid or excellent credit because your mortgage rate and PMI costs will go down. But an FHA loan can be perfect if your belief score is in the high- 500s or low- 600s. For lower- credit borrowers, FHA is frequently the cheaper attachment.
What's the biggest advantage of an FHA loan?The downside of FHA loans is you may qualify with much lower scores than conventional loans allow and a down payment as little as 3.5 of the home's price.However, you may indeed be preapproved with a DTI rate above 50, If you have a many redundant bones in the bank and a advanced credit score.
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another name for inflation that is measured using the cpi is multiple choice question. nominal inflation. real inflation. stagflation. core inflation. headline inflation.
Inflation analyses changes in goods and services while excluding out the food and energy sectors’ prices, which fluctuate more than the other index constituents.The answer is Core inflation.
The prices of all products and services included in the CPl are then used to compute inflation, whereas prices in the food and energy sectors are eliminated for calculating core inflation.We can see long-term price trends thanks to core inflation.policymakers are more worried about than the rate of core inflation. False While core inflation allows us to track trends in price levels, inflation can change quickly due to, for instance, an unexpected change in energy prices, which may only be a seasonal trend and not a long-term price trend.The commodities and services included in the CPI, which are subject to ongoing price shocks, are not included in substantial inflation when utilising the basic measurements of CPI and inflation compared to the difference between inflation measures.The analyst analyses the representative price of the items at the total cost at two points and compares the cost .
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what are current liabilities? (check all that apply.) multiple select question. current liabilities are usually settled by paying out current assets such as cash. current liabilities are property, plant and equipment that are tangible and depreciated. current liabilities are liabilities that are not due to be settled within one year or the operating cycle, whichever is longer. current liabilities are liabilities due to be paid within one year.
Current liabilities are usually settled by paying out current assets such as cash are current liabilities. Commonly, current assets—assets that are depleted within a year—are utilised to settle current liabilities.
Accounts payable, short-term debt, dividends, notes payable, and unpaid income taxes are a few examples of current obligations. On the balance sheet, current liabilities include things like accounts payable, payroll due, payroll taxes, accrued expenses, short-term notes payable, assets income taxes, interest payable, accrued interest, utilities, rental fees, and other short-term loans. A company's current liabilities are its debts that are due within a year of the balance sheet date and will either utilise current assets or generate new current liabilities.
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the free cash flow to the firm is reported as $375 million. the interest expense to the firm is $60 million. if the tax rate is 35% and the net debt of the firm increased by $33 million, what is the free cash flow to the equity holders of the firm?
The free cash flow to the equity holders:
FCFE =
FCFF + Interest x ( 1- Rate of tax ) + Net Increase in the debt of the firm
$375 million + $60 million ( 1- 35%) + $33 million
$375 million + $39 million + $33 million
$447 million.
What is free cash flow?
Free cash flow is the cash flow to the firm or equity after all the debt and other obligations are paid off.
There are basically two types of Free Cash Flow
1. Free Cash to the Firm
2.Free Cash to Equity.
It can provide important insights value of a company, efficiency and market value of company.
Hence, The free cash flow to the equity holders would be $447 million.
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bennett company has a potential new project that is expected to generate annual revenues of $263,900, with variable costs of $144,800, and fixed costs of $61,900. to finance the new project, the company will need to issue new debt that will have an annual interest expense of $25,500. the annual depreciation is $25,600 and the tax rate is 21 percent. what is the annual operating cash flow?
A measure of the amount of money made by a company's regular business operations is called operating cash flow (OCF).
What Is Operating Cash Flow (OCF)?Operating cash flow shows if a business can produce enough positive cash flow to support and expand its operations; if not, it may need outside finance for capital growth.An essential metric for assessing the financial performance of a company's main business operations is operating cash flow.A cash flow statement's opening part, which also contains cash from investing and financing activities, shows operating cash flow.The indirect method and the direct approach are both ways to show operating cash flow on a cash flow statement.The indirect technique starts with the income statement's net income and then subtracts non-cash items to get the cash base amount.The direct method uses actual cash inflows and outflows on the cash flow statement and tracks all transactions in a period on a cash basis.To Learn more About operating cash flow Refer to:
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stanziano construction needs a backhoe to complete a project. if it pays hofmann rentals for temporary use of the equipment, the transaction will be governed by
To finish a job, Stanziano Construction needs a backhoe. If it pays Hofmann Rentals for the short-term use of the equipment, Article 2A of the UCC will apply to the transaction.
What is covered by Article 2 of the UCC?The UCC's Article 2 exclusively applies to goods. Real estate and secured transactions are not considered to be goods. They do not contain securities or commercial paper. Unborn animals or underground minerals are examples of goods, which are tangible objects that may be moved.
Who is covered by UCC Article 2?The sale of commodities between merchants or between a merchant and a non-vendor is covered by UCC Article 2. As a result, while entering into a business or commercial transaction, merchants are expected to adhere to a set of standards of behavior. Non-merchant transactions are not covered by Article 2 UCC.
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with certain types of off-market listings only the listing agent, the seller, and individuals the seller and listing agent have informed know the property is for sale. what's another term these listings are also known as?
With certain types of off-market listings only the listing agent, the seller, and individuals the seller and listing agent have informed know the property is for sale. Another term these listings is called pocket listings.
A property listing is a document that provides information about a piece of real estate, such as its location, features, and amenities. The listing can be used by potential buyers to help them make a decision about whether or not to purchase the property.
A property listing is often created by a real estate agent or broker, and it is used as a tool to market a piece of property to potential buyers.
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g because an audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards is influenced by the possibility of material errors, the auditor should conduct the audit with an attitude of group of answer choices professional responsiveness. conservative advocacy. objective judgment. professional skepticism.
The correct option would be Professional Skepticism in case of audit accordance.
What exactly is a professional sceptic?
Having a sceptical mindset is what it means to be professional sceptic. being watchful for anything that could point to an inaccuracy or fraud-related misrepresentation. Analyzing audit evidence critically Professional scepticism involves being on the lookout for things like audit evidence that conflicts with previously acquired audit evidence. Information that casts doubt on the veracity of records and answers to questions that will be used as audit proof. Conditions that could point to potential fraud. It is a crucial mindset that improves the auditor's capacity to recognise and react to circumstances that could point to a potential misstatement. A critical evaluation of audit evidence is part of it.
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as an early entrant into the german market, jason's company made several significant and expensive mistakes. jason underestimated the financial liability the company would face as a foreign firm. this liability is an example of
Jason misjudged the company's potential financial exposure due to its status as a foreign entity. A prime illustration of a pioneering cost is this obligation.
Pioneering expenses occur when the home market's business system and the foreign one are so unlike that the company must invest a lot of time, money, and effort into figuring out how to play the game.
Setting the (basic) price for a new product is known as pioneer pricing. To swiftly recoup development expenditures, the base price might be set high. It can also serve as a benchmark for generating discount pricing across a range of market sectors.
Any obligation under a contract to provide money or another financial asset to another entity or to exchange financial assets or financial liabilities with another entity under circumstances that could be disadvantageous to the entity is known as financial liability.
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Two companies that experience identical accounting events may still report different amounts of net income. This statement is.
Two companies that experience identical accounting events may still report different amounts of net income.
The above statement is True.
What do you mean by net income?
Net income can be defined as the amount an individual or business makes after deducting costs, allowances and taxes.
In business it can be calculated by knowing how much money has left over after all expenses, including salary and wages, cost of goods or raw material and taxes.
The formula for calculation is
Revenues - expenses, interest, and taxes.
It represents the final measure of the profitability of the company. There are certain ways to determine a good net income, for example a 10% net profit margin is considered average, a 20% margin is considered high (or “good”), and a 5% margin is low.
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The authors of the united states constitution included a system of checks and balances to.
The authors of the United States Constitution included a system of checks and balances to ensure that no branch of government ever has an excessive amount of authority to avoid the tyranny of any branch.
The federal government of the United States is composed of three branches: the executive branch, which the President exercises, the legislative branch, which Congress (the House of Representatives and the Senate) exercises, and the judicial branch, which is comprised of the Supreme Court and other federal courts established by Congress.
The checks and balances mechanism established by the Constitution is intended to prevent the tyranny of one branch.
The majority of significant activities demand the involvement of more than one department of government. For instance, the President has the authority to veto laws that Congress adopts. Criminal offenses are prosecuted by the executive branch, but judicial trials are still required. Federal judges are chosen by the President, but they need to be confirmed by the Senate.
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although meant to protect the interests of american farmers, how did the smoot-hawley tariff hurt the global economy?
The smoot-hawley tariff negatively affected the global economy as it increased the duties at a time when countries were still struggling to repay their debts.
The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930 increased import duties to shield American farmers and other businesses from global competitors. It is commonly believed that the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act contributed to the harshness of the Great Depression in the United States and around the world. The law's official name is the United States Tariff Act of 1930.
The Great Depression and the expenditures of reconstruction after World War I had already put a burden on the economy of the countries affected by Smoot-tariff Hawley's increases. Germany was already having trouble paying war reparations to the United States and other winning allies and was one of the noteworthy loser in the trade wars.
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the manager of an online news service received the report above on the number of subscriptions sold by the service. the manager estimated that the percent increase from 201220122012 to 201320132013 would be double the percent increase from 201320132013 to 201420142014. how many subscriptions did the manager expect would be sold in 201420142014?
The manager estimated that the percent increase from 2012 to 2013 would be double the percent increase from 2013 to 2014. 6,468 subscriptions did the manager expect would be sold in 2014
given table :
2012 : 5,600
2013 : 5,880
The manager predicted that the percentage increase from 2012 to 2013 would be half that of 2013 to 2014.
It indicates that he predicted that in a year, the sold percent would double.
the amount of difference in 2012 to 2013 = 5880 - 5600 = 280
percentage increase from 2012 to 2013 = (280/5600)*100
= 0.05 × 100
= 5%
This represents a 50% increase from 2013 to 2014 in percentage terms. As a result, in 2014 there would be a 10% increase.
The increase in 2014 = 5880 + (10% of 5880)
= 5880 + (10/100*5880)
= 5880 + (0.10 × 5880)
= 5880 + 588
= 6,468
In 2014 subscriptions would be sold is 6,468.
the complete question is:
The manager of an online news service received the report given in the table on the number of subscriptions sold by the service. The manager estimated that the percent increase from 2012 to 2013 would be half the percent increase from 2013 to 2014. How many subscriptions did the manager expect would be sold in 2014?
table:
2012: 5,600
2013: 5,880
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the value that the use of 3d printing brings to a bicycle firm in the marketplace simulation includes all of the following except:
Answer: Eliminates most of the normal inventory that would need to be held in the bike stores, at the factory, and in various distribution centers spread around the world.
Explanation: A bike can be custom-built to the size, shape, and performance requirements of each customer.
The bike shops would be physically larger to accommodate for the 3-D printer to allow bikes to be made while the customer waits in-store.
The bike shops can be physically smaller as few bikes would need to be on display.
how much tax revenue was collected if the government levied a $2 excise tax on air conditioners and 490 units were sold after the tax? before the tax, 500 air conditioners were sold.
Answer:
$980
Explanation:
i ask you to lend me $500 and assume that the probability of receiving full payment, at riskless rate of 3%, of $515 is 97%, the probability of receiving $100 is 2%, and the probability of receiving zero payment is 1%. if the bond quotes a rate of return of 11%, what is the risk premium? group of answer choices
None of the options is correct. The risk premium is 10.69%
The investment return that an asset is anticipated to generate over and above the risk-free rate of return is known as a risk premium. Investors receive compensation in the form of an asset's risk premium. It serves as compensation to investors for their willingness to accept greater risk in a particular investment than in a risk-free asset.
Expected return on investment (risk-free)
= {(515*0.97) + (100*0.02) + (0*0.01)} - 500
= 501.55 - 500 = 1.55
Expected rate of return = risk-free return
Expected return/Amount invested = 1.55/500
=0.0031 or 0.31%
Risk Premium:
Rate of return on the bond - Expected risk-free return
11% - 0.31%
= 10.69%
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in florida, who or what entity must keep records of all funds deposited into the custodial or trust account that indicate the date and from whom the broker received the funds, the date deposited, the date any withdrawals are made, and other necessary information?
In Florida, the broker must keep records of all funds deposited into the custodial or trust account that indicates the date and from whom the broker received the funds, the date deposited, the date any withdrawals are made, and other necessary information.
The broker could be a firm or any individual between investors and the security exchange. An individual or investors require the broker because the security exchange accepts orders from the members of those exchanges.
The service provided by brokers is compensated as fees, commissions, or any other exchange. Discount brokers usually work for their clients but do not suggest any advice related to their funds investment. Full-service brokers work for the client and provided investment advice as well.
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which of the following statements about marketing is the most accurate? a. marketers recognize the need to learn as much as possible about customers and do everything possible to satisfy them. b. once a product is sold, focus on the next customer. c. because nonprofit organizations are not motivated by profit, marketing activities are not consistent with their goals. d. to be successful, marketers must be able to persuade consumers to purchase goods they don't really need.
Marketers recognize the need to learn as much as possible about customers anddo everything possible to satisfy them to become successful.(Option d is correct)
In moment's fast- paced terrain, marketing is the catalyst for brand growth. What was formerly spoken communication has changed to include audio and videotape. Moment's digital marketing channels are setting the standard and aiding in the success of numerous companies. People who are considering career options in this area need to know what marketing in business is as well as what a marketer is.
A marketer is a person who advertises the goods and services of a company. They identify the tactics that can increase deals and income while making sure that these tactics are in line with both client and request need.
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which of the following is a true statement? a) individuals qualify for the moving expense deduction only if they change employers. b) individuals qualify for the moving expense deduction if their employer does not pay for the moving expenses. c) moving expenses are deductible from agi. d) moving expenses are generally not deductible.
a) individuals qualify for the moving expense deduction only if they change employers is a true statement.
Moving expenses are not deductible. Unless lawmakers change the tax code, this could change after 2025.
Employees may find it difficult and costly to relocate for business reasons. As a result, many employers pay for employee moving expenses.
Employees' moving expenses were once tax deductible, but that deduction was eliminated in the 2018 tax year.
Moving expenses incurred by an employee can be deducted as a business expense if they are included in the employee's standard W-2 wages.
Moving expenses will be tax-deductible again in 2026, assuming no further changes to tax law.
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in terms of labor supply, the income effect of a higher wage causes a(n): group of answer choices decrease in the quantity of labor supplied. increase in the quantity of labor supplied. reduction of leisure time to zero. decrease in leisure time.
in terms of labor supply, the income effect of a higher wage causes decreases in leisure time.
What is leisure time?Labor productivity is based on activity in the workplace and does not include vacation time in the calculation. In contrast, psychologists and sociologists argue that leisure plays an active role in the production process. The economist's definition of leisure is, at least implicitly, "non-working time." Usually, this concept has been of little interest in determining whether forms on the borderline of time are 'work' or 'leisure'.Using empirical data from 21 OECD countries, the study found that leisure time has a double impact on labor productivity in terms of per capita GDP per hour. Moreover, leisure time is non-linearly related to labor productivity (inverted U shape). When the free time reaches the optimal level (5,813 hours), free time has a compensatory effect on work and can have a positive impact on labor productivity, but when free time exceeds the optimal value, free time is It can have a substitution effect on jobs and negatively impact labor productivity.To know more about leisure time refer to:
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A result of welfare economics is that the equilibrium price of a product is considered to be the best price because it?.
A result of welfare economics is that the equilibrium price of a product is considered to be the best price because it maximizes the combined welfare of buyers and sellers.
The study of how the distribution of resources and goods impacts social welfare is known as welfare economics. This is directly related to the study of income distribution and economic efficiency, as well as how these two aspects affect the general welfare of people in the economy.
Practically speaking, welfare economists aim to offer instruments to direct public policy in order to produce favorable social and economic outcomes for the entire society. However, welfare economics is a subjective field of study that strongly relies on presumptions about what constitutes, how to measure, and how to evaluate individual and societal welfare.
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the sec has strengthened auditor independence by requiring that management group of answer choices engage auditors to report in accordance with the foreign corrupt practices act. report the nature of disagreements with former auditors. select auditors by a majority vote by the officers. avoid any social contact with the auditors.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has strengthened auditor independence by requiring that management Report the nature of disagreements with former auditors.
What Is the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)?
An independent federal government regulatory body, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), is in charge of safeguarding investors, ensuring the fair and orderly operation of the securities markets, and promoting capital formation. It served as the nation's first federal securities market regulator after being established by Congress in 1934. The SEC encourages complete public disclosure, defends investors from dishonest and market-manipulating techniques, and keeps an eye on corporate takeover activities in the country. The SEC collaborates with the Justice Department on criminal matters and has the authority to pursue civil lawsuits against violators of the law.
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