Answer:
Results are below.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Selling price $118
Units sold 2,300
Variable costs per unit:
Direct materials $37
Direct labor $23
Variable manufacturing overhead $3
Variable selling and administrative expense $5
First, we need to determine the total unitary variable cost:
Unitary variable cost= 37 + 23 + 3 + 5=$68
Variable cost income statement:
Sales= 2,300*118= 271,400
Total variable cost= 68*2,300= (156,400)
Total contribution margin= 115,000
Fixed manufacturing overhead= (73,500)
Fixed selling and administrative expense= (29,900)
Net operating income= 11,600
Bi-Lo Traders is considering a project that will produce sales of $33,300 and have costs of $19,700. Taxes will be $3,500 and the depreciation expense will be $1,900. An initial cash outlay of $1,600 is required for net working capital. What is the project's operating cash flow?
Answer: $10,100
Explanation:
Based on the information that have been given in the question, the project's operating cash flow goes thus:
Sales. $33,300
Less: cost. $19,700
Less: depreciation. $1,900
Profit before tax $11,700
Less: tax. $3500
Net profit. $8200
Add: depreciation. $1900
Operating cash flow. $10,100
What is the present value of a perpetuity that pays you annual, end-of-year payments of $950? Use a nominal rate (monthly compounding) of 7.50%.
Answer:
The present value of the perpetuity is $12,242.27.
Explanation:
A perpetuity is an annuity that provide cash flow for an infinite period .Examples are Non -redeemable Preference Share.
Present Value (perpetuity) = Payments ÷ Required Rate
But, first change the 7.50 % nominal rate to Annual Effective Rate to match the period of Cash flow.
Effective Rate = (1 + r / m)^m - 1
= ( 1 + 0.0750 / 12) ^12 -1
= 7.76%
Therefore, Present Value (perpetuity) = $950 ÷ 7.76%
= $12,242.27
At the certain interest rate, present value (PV) is the current value of a future sum of money or stream of cash flows.
The discount rate determines the present value of the cash flows, and the higher the discount rate, the lower the current value of future cash flows.
The present value of the perpetuity is $12,242.27.
A perpetuity is an annuity that payments out during an indefinite period of time. Non-redeemable Preference Share is an example.
Present Value (perpetuity) = [tex]\frac{\text{Payments}}{\text{Required Rate}}[/tex]
However, to match the Working capital period, change a 7.50 percent nominal rate to a Yearly Effective Tax rate.
[tex]\text{Effective Rate} = (1 + \frac{r}{m} )^m - 1= [1 + \frac{0.0750}{12}]^{12} -1= 7.76\%[/tex]
Therefore, Present Value (perpetuity)= [tex]\frac{\$950}{7.76\%} = $12,242.27[/tex]
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You own two bonds. Both bonds pay annual interest, have 7 percent coupons, and currently have 7 percent yields to maturity. Bond A has 5 years to maturity and Bond B has 10 years to maturity. If the market rate of interest changes unexpectedly to 6 percent, the price of Bond A will change by _____ percent and the price of Bond B will change by _____ percent.
Answer:
the price of Bond A will change by 4.21% and the price of Bond B will change by 7.36%.
Explanation:
Bonds A and B
current bond price $1,000
interest rate 7%
Bond A matures in 5 years, annual payments
Bond B matures in 10 years, annual payments
if market interest decreases to 6%
Bond A:
$1,000 / (1 + 6%)⁵ = $747.26
$70 x 4.2124 (annuity factor, 6%, 5 periods) = $294.87
market price = $1,042.13
% change = 4.21%
Bond B:
$1,000 / (1 + 6%)¹⁰ = $558.39
$70 x 7.3601 (annuity factor, 6%, 10 periods) = $515.21
market price = $1,073.60
% change = 7.36%
For a nail salon, the costs associated with the purchase of nail polish and other products like polish remover and disposable flip flops are examples of ____costs. These ______ considered when building a MCS.
Answer: Variable cost; should be considered
Explanation:
For a nail salon, the costs associated with the purchase of nail polish and other products like polish remover and disposable flip flops are examples of variable costs. These should be considered when building a MCS.
Variable costs are the costs that varies with production. They are the opposite of fixed costs which are fixed. The nail polish and other products like polish remover and disposable flip flops are variable costs because the amount that'll be bought depends on the available customers and therefore isn't fixed.
Rank the following investments from lowest to highest, for overall historical returns experienced by investors over long periods of time:
a. Treasury Bills
b. AAA Rated Corporate Bonds
c. Common Stocks
Answer:
Treasury BillsAAA Rated Corporate BondsCommon StocksExplanation:
Treasury Bills are considered risk-less investments. As a result the interest rate will not be adjusted for risk and will be relatively low compared to other securities. It will give the lowest return overtime here.
AAA Rated Corporate Bonds are the highest rated Corporate bonds there are. Even still, they will pay an interest rate that has a little risk premium in it which will make its returns overtime higher than a T-bill.
Common Stocks will provide the highest rate of return overtime on average simply because as well as the dividend payments that are paid to holders, the stock also has a chance of rising in value overtime which will give the holder a Capital gain as well. Something that the other 2 investments cannot give.
What is your standard deviation of demand during lead time if your average lead time = 5 days, standard deviation of demand = 4, average demand is 12, and standard deviation of lead time is 1.2 days.
Answer:
4.47
Explanation:
The computation of the standard deviation of lead time is shown below:
= √lead time × standard deviation of demand
= √ 5 days × 4
= √20
= 4.47
We simply applied the above formula to determine the standard deviation of demand during lead time
Hence, all the other items would be ignored
When Production decreases what is a very likely possibility? a hire new workers b expand production c purchase new equipment d downsizing
The correct answer is D. Downsizing
Explanation:
In businesses, the term "downsizing" is used to describe a reduction in the number of workers or the total labor force. This often means non-essential workers are fired or even complete departments are eliminated. Moreover, this is likely to occur if the business expenses are higher than its profits or if the production decreases because in both situations fewer workers are needed to eliminate unnecessary expenses. In this context, if production decreases it is likely downsizing occurs.
Stephen Battista argues that public relations should help Under Armour convince customers that the company has a new kind of sports apparel. One way that public relations differs from other kinds of marketing communications is that it substitutes the term ________ for target market. Multiple Choice target audience consumer referent group public market segment
Answer:
The correct answer is the option: Public.
Explanation:
To begin with, the term of "Public Relations" refers to the instrument that the marketing managers have in order to establish better relationships with agents that are outside the company with the primary focus of increasing those relations that will eventually increase the company's public image. Moreover, one the variables that changes when the company decides to use this type of strategy is the fact that the target audience or market changes to be the public in general and that is why that the company forgets about their customers and focus on the public as a whole.
Pizza sells an average of pizzas per week, of which % are single-topping pizzas and % are supreme pizzas with multiple toppings. Singles sell for each and incur variable costs of . Supremes sell for each and incur variable costs of . The contribution margin per unit and total contribution margin for Singles and Supremes are
Answer:
the question is incomplete, so I looked for a similar question:
"Pizza sells an average of 150 pizzas per week, of which 20% are single-topping pizzas and 80% are supreme pizzas with multiple toppings. Singles sell for $8 each and incur variable costs of $2. Supremes sell for $12 each and incur variable costs of $6."
contribution margin for Singles = $8 - $2 = $6
contribution margin ratio for Singles = $6 / $8 = 75%
total contribution margin for Singles = $6 x 150 x 20% = $180
contribution margin for Supremes = $12 - $6 = $6
contribution margin ratio for Supremes = $6 / $12 = 50%
total contribution margin for Supremes = $6 x 150 x 80% = $720
Presented below is selected information for three regional divisions of Medina Company. Divisions North West South Contribution margin $300,300 $499,000 $399,200 Controllable margin $139,700 $360,600 $209,900 Average operating assets $997,857 $1,567,826 $1,499,286 Minimum rate of return 13 % 14 % 9 % Compute the return on investment for each division. (Round ROI to 0 decimal places, e.g. 15.) North Division % West Division % South Division % Compute the residual income for each division. (Round final answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 1,255.) North Division $ West Division $ South Division $ Assume that each division has an investment opportunity that would provide a rate of return of 16%. (1) If ROI is used to measure performance, which division or divisions will probably make the additional investment? (2) If residual income is used to measure performance, which division or divisions will probably make the additional investment?
Answer:
North West South
Contribution margin $300,300 $499,000 $399,200
Controllable margin $139,700 $360,600 $209,900
Average operating assets $997,857 $1,567,826 $1,499,286
Minimum rate of return 13% 14% 9%
return on investment (ROI) = controllable margin / average operating assets
North's ROI = $139,700 / $997,857 = 14%
West's ROI = $360,600 / $1,567,826 = 23%
South's ROI = $209,900 / $1,499,286 = 14%
residual income = controllable margin - (average operating assets x minimum rate of return)
North's RI = $139,700 - ($997,857 x 13%) = $9,978.59
West's RI = $360,600 - ($1,567,826 x 14%) = $141,104.36
South's RI = $209,900 - ($1,499,286 x 9%) = $74,964.26
(1) If ROI is used to measure performance, which division or divisions will probably make the additional investment?
North and South divisions should probably make the additional investments since their current ROI is less than 16%
(2) If residual income is used to measure performance, which division or divisions will probably make the additional investment?
All the divisions since their minimum required rate of return is less than 16%.
The ROI of North, West and South are 14%, 23% and 14% respectively. North and south divisions need to make more investment as their ROI is less than 16%. All the division need to make investments.
What is ROI?Return on Investment is the performance measure to evaluate the earnings or profit earned from an investment.It is the ration between the net profit/loss to the initial investment made.
North West South
Given:
Contribution margin= $300,300 $499,000 $399,200
Controllable margin= $139,700 $360,600 $209,900
Average operating assets= $997,857 $1,567,826 $1,499,286
Minimum rate of return= 13% 14% 9%
Return on Investment= (controllable margin/ average operating assets) X 100
North= ($139,700 / $997,857) X 100= 14%West = ($360,600 / $1,567,826) X 100= 23% South= ($209,900 / $1,499,286) X 100 = 14%Residual Income= controllable margin - (average operating assets x minimum rate of return)
North = $139,700 - ($997,857 x 13%) = $9,978.59West = $360,600 - ($1,567,826 x 14%) = $141,104.36South= $209,900 - ($1,499,286 x 9%) = $74,964.26North and South divisions are required to make the additional investments since their current ROI is less than 16%If residual income is used to measure performance, all the divisions requires additional investment, as their minimum required rate of return is less than 16%.
Therefore, the above calulations aptly describes the statements.
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The management of Advanced Alternative Power Inc. is considering two capital investment projects. The estimated net cash flows from each project are as follows:
Year Wind Turbines Biofuel Equipment
1 $280,000 $300,000
2 280,000 300,000
3 280,000 300,000
4 280,000 300,000
The wind turbines require an investment of $887,600, while the biofuel equipment requires an investment of $911,100. No residual value is expected from either project.
Year 6% 10% 12% 15% 20%
1 0.943 0.909 0.893 0.870 0.833
2 1.833 1.736 1.690 1.626 1.528
3 2.673 2.487 2.402 2.283 2.106
4 3.465 3.170 3.037 2.855 2.589
5 4.212 3.791 3.605 3.353 2.991
6 4.917 4.355 4.111 3.785 3.326
7 5.582 4.868 4.564 4.160 3.605
8 6.210 5.335 4.968 4.487 3.837
9 6.802 5.759 5.328 4.772 4.031
10 7.360 6.145 5.650 5.019 4.192
Required:
a. Compute the net present value for each project. Use a rate of 6% and the present value of an annuity of $1 in the table above. If required, round to the nearest dollar.
b. Compute a present value index for each project.
c. Determine the internal rate of return for each project by (a) computing a present value factor for an annuity of $1 and (b) using the present value of an annuity of $1 in the table above. If required, round your present value factor answers to three decimal places and internal rate of return to the nearest percent.
Answer:
A. Wind Turbines = $82,629.57
Biofuel Equipment = $128,431.68
B. Wind Turbines = 1 + ($82,629.57 / $887,600) = 1.093
Biofuel Equipment = 1 + ($128,431.68 / $911,100) = 1.141
C. Wind Turbines = 10%
Biofuel Equipment = 12%
Explanation:
Net present value is the present value of after tax cash flows from an investment less the amount invested.
Internal rate of return is the discount rate that equates the after tax cash flows from an investment to the amount invested
NPV and IRR can be calculated using a financial calculator
Wind Turbines
Cash flow in year 0 = $-887,600,
Cash flow each year from year 1 to 4 = $280,000
I = 6%
NPV = $82,629.57
IRR = 10%
Biofuel Equipment
Cash flow in year 0 = $-911,100
Cash flow each year from year 1 to 4 = $300,000
I = 6%
NPV = $128,431.68
IRR = 12%
present value index = 1 + (NPV / Initial investment)
Wind Turbines = 1 + ($82,629.57 / $887,600) = 1.093
Biofuel Equipment = 1 + ($128,431.68 / $911,100) = 1.141
To find the NPV using a financial calculator:
1. Input the cash flow values by pressing the CF button. After inputting the value, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
2. after inputting all the cash flows, press the NPV button, input the value for I, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
3. Press compute
To find the IRR using a financial calculator:
1. Input the cash flow values by pressing the CF button. After inputting the value, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
2. After inputting all the cash flows, press the IRR button and then press the compute button
Net present value method The following data are accumulated by Geddes Company in evaluating the purchase of $160,000 of equipment, having a four-year useful life: Net Income Net Cash Flow Year 1 $43,500 $83,500 Year 2 23,000 63,000 Year 3 13,500 53,500 Year 4 6,500 46,500 This information has been collected in the Microsoft Excel Online file. Open the spreadsheet, perform the required analysis, and input your answers in the questions below. Open spreadsheet Assuming that the desired rate of return is 12%, determine the net present value for the proposal. If required, round to the nearest dollar. Net present value $ 86,500 Would management be likely to look with favor on the proposal
Answer:
A.$32,396
B. Yes
Explanation
A. Calculation to determine the net present value for the proposal
Year Net Cash Flow Present value Discounting factor at 12% Discounted Cash Flow
1 $ 83,500.00 0.893 $ 74,565.50
2 $63,000.00 0.797 $ 50,211.00
3 $ 53,500.00 0.713 $ 38,145.50
4 $ 46,500.00 0.636 $ 29,574.00
Present value of net cash flows $ 192,496.00
Amount to be invested $ 160,000.00
Net Present Value $ 32,496
Net Present Value $ 32,496/Amount to be invested $160,000.00 =0.2031*100
=20.31%
B.Yes the management would likely to look with favor on the proposal because the net present value of 20.31% is higher than the expected rate of return of 12%.
Gig Harbor Boating is the wholesale distributor of a small recreational catamaran sailboat. Management has prepared the following summary data to use in its annual budgeting process: Budgeted unit sales 820 Selling price per unit $ 2,130 Cost per unit $ 1,500 Variable selling and administrative expense (per unit) $ 75 Fixed selling and administrative expense (per year) $ 400,000 Interest expense for the year $ 29,000 Required: Prepare the company’s budgeted income statement for the year.
Answer:
Budgeted Income Statement for the year
Sales (820 units × $ 2,130) $1,746,600
Less Cost of Sales (820 units × $ 1,500) ($1,230,000)
Gross Profit $516,000
Less Operating Expenses :
Selling and administrative expense
Variable (820 units × $ 75) ($61,500)
Fixed ($400,000)
Operating Profit $54,500
Less Non - Operating Expenses :
Interest ( $29,000)
Net Income / (Loss) $25,500
Explanation:
Income Statement shows the company`s performance from its operations.
Income / (Loss) = Sales - Expenses.
Mr. Dow bought 100 shares of stock at $17 per share. Three years later, he sold the stock for $23 per share. What is his annual rate of return
Answer:
10.60%
Explanation:
The compound annual growth rate formula stated below can be used to determine the annual rate of return on the stock investment.
CAGR=(future value/present value)^(1/n)-1
future value is the future worth of the stock after three years i.e100*$23=$2300
Present value is the initial cost of the stock which is 100*$17=$1700
n is the number of years the stocks have been owned
CAGR=($2300/$1700)^(1/3)-1=10.60%
Computer Corp. just paid a dividend of $0.75. If the firm's growth in dividends is expected to remain at a flat 3 percent forever, then what is the cost of equity capital for Computer Corp. if the price of its common shares is currently $12.00
Answer:
9.44%
Explanation:
According to the given situation, the computation of the cost of equity capital is shown below:-
Cost of equity capital = Dividend × (1 + Expected rate of return) ÷ Common shares + Expected rate of return
Now, we will put the values into the above formula.
= ($0.75 × (1.03) ÷ $12) + 0.03
= 0.0944
or
= 9.44%
Therefore for computing the cost of equity we simply applied the above formula.
A proposed new investment has projected sales of $543,000. Variable costs are 46 percent of sales, and fixed costs are $129,500; depreciation is $50,250. Prepare a pro forma income statement assuming a tax rate of 21 percent. What is the projected net income? (Input all amounts as positive values. Do not round intermediate calculations.)
Answer:
Pro forma Income Statement
Projected Sales $543,000
Variable costs 249,780
Contribution $293,220
Sales /Fixed costs 129,500
Depreciation 50,250
Pre-tax Income $113,470
Income Tax (21%) 23,828.70
After-tax Income $89,641.30
Explanation:
This company's pro forma income statement shows the contribution to be made by a project and the projected after-tax income. With it management can decide whether to accept the project or not. Preparing this pro forma income statement also enables management to know the impact on profits that the project will make. When the project is complete, this pro forma income statement becomes a basis for reviewing the actual income statement to understand variances.
When analyzing the changes on a spreadsheet used to prepare a statement of cash flows, the cash flows from operating activities generally are affected by
Answer: a. Net income, current assets, and current liabilities
Explanation:
The Operating Cashflow relates to cash transactions that have to do with the normal operations of the business. In other words, the business that the firm does to make revenue. It therefore includes, production, purchases, admin expenses, net income and the assets required to run the business.
Operating cashflows will therefore be affected by the Net Income as this is the end result of the business transactions the business engaged in. The current assets were needed to sell goods as well as being derived from selling goods and the current liabilities enabled the company to buy goods that they sell amongst other things.
Net income, current assets, and current liabilities are directly related to the operations of the business and so affect the Operating cashflows.
The bookkeeper prepared a check for $48 but accidently recorded it as $95. When preparing the bank reconciliation, this should be corrected by:
Answer:
Adding $47 to the book balance.
Explanation:
The above is an example of transposition error, which is caused by substituting two or more sequential digits ; mistake would be corrected by adding $47 ($95 -$48) to the book balance.
If a beneficiary wants to make sure that the life insurance proceeds being paid out are not exhausted before he or she dies, the beneficiary would choose which of the following settlement options?
a. Fixed amount
b. Fixed income
c. Fixed time
d. Fixed period
Answer:
Option d. Fixed period
Explanation:
time is very essential. Anytime the policy owner specifies payment to be guaranteed for a specific period regardless of who is the beneficiary, policy owner or who receive the payment,is the fixed period settlement option.
Anything that occur to annuity after the owner's death is dependent on the type of annuity and its payout plan.
A fixed-period, is that which is for a certain period of time. the annuity guarantees payments to the annuitant for a set length of time. example is about 10, 15, or 20 years and case payments will continue to be paid to the beneficiary until the time given or period is due or when account’s balance reaches zero.
Eastern Corporation has $1,000 par value bonds with 4 years to maturity. The bonds pay an 8% coupon rate with semi-annual coupon interest payments. The bond's closing price is quoted at 101.25. Suppose you purchase the bond for the closing price. What is the bond's yield to maturity?
Answer:
7.64%
Explanation:
For computing the yield to maturity we have to applied the RATE formula i.e to be shown in the attachment
Given that,
Present value = $1,000 × 101.25 = $1,012.50
Future value or Face value = $1,000
PMT = 1,000 × 8% ÷ 2 = $40
NPER = 4 years × 2 = 8 years
The formula is shown below:
= Rate(NPER;PMT;-PV;FV;type)
The present value come in negative
So, after applying the above formula,
The yield to maturity is
= 3.82% × 2
= 7.64%
The bond's yield to maturity:
Given Information,
Present value = $1,000 × 101.25 = $1,012.50 Future value or Face value = $1,000 PMT = 1,000 × 8% ÷ 2 = $40 NPER = 4 years × 2 = 8 years
Yield to maturity = 3.82% × 2
Yield to maturity= 7.64%
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You own of the stock of a company that has 10 directors on its board. How much representation can you get on the board if the company has cumulative voting? How much representation can you ensure if the company has straight voting?
Answer:
B.With cumulative voting you are able to get proportional representation by putting all of your votes toward 3directors, allowing you to elect representatives to 3 seats (30% of ten seats) on the board. B.With non-cumulative voting you vote on each director individually, and without a majority of the shares you cannot ensure that your representative will win any of the elections (you could lose 70% to 30% in each of the ten individual elections).Explanation:
Cumulative voting is a method of voting that allows a shareholder to place all the votes they have to one or more person. Normally, during elections for a Board member, each shareholder will be given a certain number of votes and this is usually related to the number of shares they hold. In cumulative voting, they can place all these allowed votes in the corner of one person thereby increasing their chances of getting voted. By owning 30%, you will get 30% of the votes. If you decide to place all 30% for 3 people out of 10, you will get them elected.
With straight voting though, you can only vote once per share owned. That means that you cannot pledge all your votes to a single person or group of people. Should that happen, you cannot ensure that your representative will win as people may outvote your 30% in in each candidate.
Internal rate of return method The internal rate of return method is used by Testerman Construction Co. in analyzing a capital expenditure proposal that involves an investment of $149,630 and annual net cash flows of $45,000 for each of the six years of its useful life. This information has been collected in the Microsoft Excel Online file. Open the spreadsheet, perform the required analysis, and input your answers in the question below. Open spreadsheet Determine the internal rate of return for the proposal.
Answer:
Testerman Construction Co.
Internal rate of return method in analyzing capital expenditure:
Present value of expenditure = $149,630
Present of cash inflows annuity = $149,630 (using 20% discount rate and present value annuity factor of 3.3251 x $45,000)
NPV = $0 (PV of cash outflow - PV of cash inflow)
Therefore, the IRR = 20%
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Investment cost = $149,630
Annual net cash flows = $45,000
Investment period = 6 years
Annuity of future cash flows = 3.3251
b) Testerman’s IRR (Internal Rate of Return) is a capital budgeting and analysis tool which determines the discount rate that makes the present value of future inflows equal to the present value of outflows from a project. This IRR helps the managers to determine the projects that add value and are worth undertaking. IRR is based on assumptions. Similar projects with the same IRR will differ in returns due to the differences in timing and the size of the cash, the amount of debts and equity used to generate the returns, and the assumption of a constant reinvestment may which IRR makes.
The most widely used presentation software program is Microsoft PowerPoint. You can produce a professional and memorable presentation using this program if you plan ahead and follow important design guidelines.
1. What text and background should you use in a darkened room?
A. Dark text on a light background
B. Dark text on a dark background
C. Light text on a dark background
2. How can you customize existing templates?
A. Eliminate boldface and italics
B. Adjust the color scheme
C. Add "visual cliches"
D. Add a company logo
E. Select different fonts
Answer:
1. C. Light text on a dark background
2. B. Adjust the color scheme
D. Add a company logo
E. Select different fonts
Explanation:
In order to produce a professional and memorable presentation using Microsoft Powerpoint program, the design guidelines should be applied in certain situations.
The text and background one should use in a darkened room is "Light text on a dark background"
Also, the correct way one can customize existing templates is to do the following:
1. Adjust the color scheme
2. Add a company logo
3. Select different fonts
At 17 years old, Otto signed a contract to purchase a new Hummer by advancing a payment of $50,000. However, when Otto turned 20, he wished to disaffirm this contract. Does the law permit this
Rahman stock just paid a dividend of $3.00 per share. Future dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 6% per year. What is the value of the stock if the required return is 12%
Answer:value of stock for the required return of 12 % = $53
Explanation:
Given
current dividend just paid = $3.00
dividend to grow at constant rate of 6%
required rate of return =12%
to calculate the value of stock for the requitred return of 12 % , we use the dividend growth model which is
Current price = dividend ( 1 + growth rate )/ (required rate -growth rate )
= 3 x (1+6%) / 12-6 = 3 x 1.06 /6% =3.18/0.06= $53
Therefore value of stock for the requitred return of 12 % ,= $53
If we had a situation of Diminishing Marginal Productivity, then this would be great news for the firm. Senior management loves this kind of cost reduction outcome.
True or False
Answer:
The correct answer is the second option: False.
Explanation:
To begin with, the well known term of "Diminishing Marginal Productivity" is understood to be an economic law whose main purpose is to explain that given a certain level of an input, the production of the company will start to go down eventually after adding more and more of that variable. Therefore that this theory states that when a company adds more of a factor of production, everything else constant, when it reaches a certain level that input will start to affect the output of the good and with it the profits of the business. That is why that if the company is in a situation of diminishing marginal productivity the senior management would not be pleased.
Granger Inc. Comparative Balance Sheets December 31
Assets 2017 2016
Cash $80,800 $48,400
Accounts receivable 87,800 38,000
Inventory 112,500 102,850
Prepaid expenses 28,400 26,000
Long-term investments 138,000 109,000
Plant assets 285,000 242,500
Accumulated depreciation (50,000) (52,000)
Total $682,500 $514,750
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Accounts payable $102,000 $67,300
Accrued expenses payable 16,500 21,000
Bonds payable 110,000 146,000
Common stock 220,000 175,000
Retained earnings 234,000 105,450
Total $682,500 $514,750
Granger Inc. Income Statement Data For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
Sales revenue $388,460
Less:
Cost of goods sold $135,460
Operating expenses, excluding depreciation 12,410
Depreciation expense 46,500
Income tax expense 27,280
Interest expense 4,730
Loss on disposal of plant assets 7,500 233,880
Net income $154,580
Additional information:
1. New plant assets costing $90,000 were purchased for cash during the year.
2. Old plant assets having an original cost of $51,750 and accumulated depreciation of $43,650 were sold for $1,350 cash.
3. Bonds payable matured and were paid off at face value for cash.
4. A cash dividend of $23,427 was declared and paid during the year.
Required:
Prepare a statement of cash flows for Granger Inc. using the direct method.
Answer:
GRANGER INC.
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (USING INDIRECT METHOD)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017
Particulars Amount$
Cash flow from operating activities
Net Income 154,580
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
provided by operating activities
Adjustment for non cash effects
Depreciation expense 46,500
Loss on sale of plant assets 7,500
Change in operating assets & liabilities
Increase in Accounts receivable -49,800
Increase in inventory -9,650
Increase in prepaid expenses -2,400
Increase in accounts payable 34,700
Decrease in accrued expenses payable -4,500
Net cash flow from operating activities (a) 176,930
Cash Flow from Investing activities
Old Plant assets sold 1,350
New plant assets purchased -90,000
Long-term investments purchased -29,000
Net cash Flow from Investing activities (b) -117,650
Cash Flow from Financing activities
Cash dividends paid -23,427
Common stock issued 45,000
Bonds paid -36,000
Net cash Flow from Financing activities (c) -14,427
Net Change in cash c=a+b+c 44,853
Add: Beginning cash balance 48,400
Closing cash balance 93,253
A corporate bond currently yields 8.5%. Municipal bonds with the same risk, maturity, and liquidity currently yield 5.5%. At what tax rate would investors be indifferent between the two bonds?
Answer: 35.29%
Explanation:
Municipal Bonds are attractive in that they give the tax benefit of being tax exempt whereas a corporate bond is liable for taxation. The tax rate that will therefore make an investor indifferent between the two bonds is the one that will equate the Corporate bond's yield net of tax to the yield on the Municipal bond.
5.5% = 8.5% * ( 1 - x)
5.5% = 8.5% - 0.085x
0.085x = 8.5% - 5.5%
0.085x = 3%
x = 35.29%
Pharoah Inc., which produces a single product, has prepared the following standard cost sheet for one unit of the product. Direct materials (6 pounds at $1.60 per pound)$9.60 Direct labor (6 hours at $10.00 per hour)$60.00 During the month of April, the company manufactures 310 units and incurs the following actual costs. Direct materials purchased and used (2,400 pounds)$4,080 Direct labor (1,880 hours)$18,612 Compute the total, price, and quantity variances for materials and labor.
Answer:
Materials
price variance = $240 Unfavorable
quantity variance = $864 Unfavorable
total variance = $1,104 Unfavorable
Labor
price variance = $188 Favorable
quantity variance = $200 Unfavorable
total variance = $12 Unfavorable
Explanation:
Materials
price variance = (Aq × Ap) - (Aq × Sp)
= (2,400 × $1.70) - (2,400 × $1.60)
= $240 Unfavorable
quantity variance = (Aq × Sp) - (Sq × Sp)
= (2,400 × $1.60) - (310 × 6 × $1.60)
= $864 Unfavorable
total variance = price variance + quantity variance
= $240 + $864
= $1,104 Unfavorable
Labor
price variance = (Aq × Ap) - (Aq × Sp)
= (1,880 × $9.90) - (1,880 × $10.00)
= $188 Favorable
quantity variance = (Aq × Sp) - (Sq × Sp)
= (1,880 × $10.00) - (310 × 6 × $10.00)
= $200 Unfavorable
total variance = price variance + quantity variance
= $188 + (-$200)
= $12 Unfavorable
A technical analyst has been charting the price movements of ABC stock. The stock has been fluctuating in price between $63 and $67 per share for the past 3 months. If the analyst expects a breakout through the support level, which order should be placed
Answer:
The trader should orders to buy ABC stock or take a long position to the stock.
Explanation:
The stock has been fluctuating for 3 months, hence, its value should be well analysed. Now if there is a breakout through the support level, usually with a good quarterly performance report, the stock is likely to go "bull". Buying and holding the stock is a rational decision.