The periodic trend is very useful because it helps is understand the properties and reactivities of elements in chemical reactions
Some examples of periodic trends are:
Melting and boiling pointIonization energyElectron affinityElectronegativityAtomic size/ radiusIonic size / radiusWhat is ionization energy?Ionization energy can simply be defined as that energy required to remove a valence electron from an atom of an element in a gaseous state to form a gaseous ions l
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I need help with my work
Answer:
I'm thinking you should go for the option C.
Perform the following operation
and express the answer in
scientific notation.
6.0×103-2.3×103
[?]x10[?]
Answer:
6.0 x 10³ - 2.3 x 10³ = 3700
3700 ---------> 3.7 x 10³
Look at Table 4 in the procedure portion of the experiment. Calculate the pH you would expect each of the buffer solutions (A, B, C, D, and E) to be using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, assuming that the solutions of acetic acid and sodium acetate are equimolar.
The pH of the buffer solutions as determined using the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation are:
A. pH = 4.75B. pH = 4.05C. pH = 3.75D. pH = 5.75E. pH = 5.45What is the pH of the solutions?The pH of a buffer is determined using the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation shown below:
pH = pKₐ + log([A⁻]/[HA])A. Volume of acetic acid = 5 mL; Volume of sodium acetate = 5 mL; pka of acetic acid = 4.75
The solutions of acetic acid and sodium acetate are equimolar;
pH = 4.75 + log(1)
pH = 4.75
B. Volume of acetic acid = 5 ml; Volume of sodium acetate = 1 mL; pka of acetic acid = 4.75
The solutions of acetic acid and sodium acetate are equimolar;
pH = 4.75 + log(1/5)
pH = 4.05
C. Volume of acetic acid = 10 ml; Volume of sodium acetate = 1 mL; pka of acetic acid = 4.75
The solutions of acetic acid and sodium acetate are equimolar;
pH = 4.75 + log(1/10)
pH = 3.75
D. Volume of acetic acid = 1 ml; Volume of sodium acetate = 10 mL; pka of acetic acid = 4.75
The solutions of acetic acid and sodium acetate are equimolar;
pH = 4.75 + log(10/1)
pH = 5.75
E. Volume of acetic acid = 1 ml; Volume of sodium acetate = 5 mL; pka of acetic acid = 4.75
The solutions of acetic acid and sodium acetate are equimolar;
pH = 4.75 + log(5/1)
pH = 5.45
In conclusion, the pH of the buffer solutions are determined using the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation.
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In the following reaction, what element is losing mass?
Mg(s) + CuSO4(aq) -> MgSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
A. Mg
B. Cu
C.O
D. S
The element which is losing mass from the above reaction is Cu
Mg(s) + CuSO4(aq) -> MgSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
What is a compound?A compound simply refers to a chemical compound which contains two contains two or more elements which are chemically combined together.
So therefore, the element which is losing mass from the above reaction is Cu
Mg(s) + CuSO4(aq) -> MgSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
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What would the pH of a solution that had a hydroxide ion concentration of 1 x 10-2 M be?
Taking into account the definition of pH and pOH, the pH of the solution is 12.
Definition of pHpH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity that indicates the amount of hydrogen ions present in a solution or substance.
The pH is defined as the negative base 10 logarithm of the activity of hydrogen ions, that is, the concentration of hydrogen ions or H₃O⁺:
pH= - log [H⁺]= - log [H₃O⁺]
Definition of pOHSimilarly, pOH is a measure of hydroxyl ions in a solution and is expressed as the logarithm of the concentration of OH⁻ ions, with the sign changed:
pOH= - log [OH⁻]
Relationship between pH and pOHThe following relationship can be established between pH and pOH:
pOH + pH= 14
pH in this caseA solution had a hydroxide ion concentration of 1×10⁻² M. In other words [OH⁻]= 1×10⁻² M.
Replacing in the definition of pOH, it is calculated as:
pOH= - log (1×10⁻² M)
Solving;
pOH= 2
Replacing in the relationship established between pH and pOH, the pH can be calculated as:
pH + 2= 14
Solving:
pH= 14 - 2
pH= 12
In summary, the pH of the solution is 12.
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How many atoms are in 1.50 g of Al?
(A) 0.0556
(B) 18.0
(C) 3.35 x 10^22
(D) 2.44 x 10^25
6. Which of the following is an electrical hazard?
OA. A machine without guards in place
OB. A welding cylinder without a safety cap
OC. A broken ground post on a plug
O D. An ingoing nip point
+
Enthalpy of reaction of nitrogen dioxide (use Hess Law)
N2(g) + 2O2(g) → 2NO2(g)
N2 + O2 → 2NO Hr= +180 kJmol-1
2NO + O2 → 2NO2 Hr= -112 kJmol-1
Starting Point Ending point
N2 (g) + 2O2 (g) → 2NO2 (g)
+180kJ -112kJ
2NO2 + O2 (g)
Use the information to calculate the H and explain how you got your answer.
Considering the Hess's Law, the enthalpy change for the reaction is 68 kJ/mol.
Hess's LawHess's Law indicates that the enthalpy change in a chemical reaction will be the same whether it occurs in a single stage or in several stages. That is, the sum of the ∆H of each stage of the reaction will give us a value equal to the ∆H of the reaction when it occurs in a single stage.
Enthalpy of reaction of nitrogen dioxideIn this case you want to calculate the enthalpy change of:
N₂ + 2 O₂ → 2 NO₂
which occurs in two stages.
You know the following reactions, with their corresponding enthalpies:
Equation 1: N₂ + O₂ → 2 NO ΔH = 180 kJ/mol
Equation 2: 2 NO + O₂ → 2 NO₂ ΔH = –112 kJ/mol
Because of the way formation reactions are defined, any chemical reaction can be written as a combination of formation reactions, some going forward and some going back.
In this case, first, to obtain the enthalpy of the desired chemical reaction you need one mole of N₂ on reactant side and it is present in first equation so let's write this as such.
In the same way, you need two moles of NO₂ on product side and it is present in second equation so let's write this as such.
Finally, in this way the two moles of NO cancel.
Then, it is not necessary to modify the given equations. So, adding or canceling the reactants and products as appropriate, and adding the enthalpies algebraically, you obtain:
N₂ + 2 O₂ → 2 NO₂ ΔH= 68 kJ/mol
Finally, the enthalpy change for the reaction is 68 kJ/mol.
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Determine the molecular shape of each of the following species.
Answer:
See-saw
Explanation:
To determine the molecular shape of BrF₄⁺, you need to
1.) Calculate the valence electrons of BrF₄⁺
----> Add the valence electrons of each individual atom
----> Take the positive charge into account (subtract 1 electron)
2.) Draw the Lewis Dot diagram of BrF₄⁺
----> Each bond has 2 electrons
----> Bromine can have an expanded octet
3.) Determine the molecular shape of BrF₄⁺
You have 3L of a 2 molar magnesium chloride solution. How many moles of chloride ions are present?
Show all work!
Answer:
12 moles Cl⁻
Explanation:
To find the moles Cl⁻, you need to (1) calculate the moles of magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) using the molarity equation and then (2) convert moles MgCl₂ to moles Cl⁻ (via the mole-to-mole ratio from formula subscripts). It is important to arrange the conversions in a way that allows for the cancellation of units.
Molarity (M) = moles / volume (L)
2 M = moles / 3 L
6 = moles MgCl₂
1 MgCl₂ = 1 Mg²⁺ and 2 Cl⁻
6 moles MgCl₂ 2 moles Cl⁻
------------------------ x ----------------------- = 12 moles Cl⁻
1 mole MgCl₂
A student measures the length of an object to be 152 cm. What is the measurement in km?
Answer: 0.00152 km
Explanation:
what is the name of p214
diphosphorus tetraiodide is the name of the p2I4 compound.
What is the name of p2I4?The name of p2I4 is diphosphorus tetraiodide because there are two atoms with phosphorus and four atoms with iodine. We know that 'di' word is used for two while on the other hand, tetra word is used for four.
So we can conclude that diphosphorus tetraiodide is the name of the p2I4 compound.
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What does h20 mean on the periodic elements chart
Answer:
The compound, H₂O, will not be found on the periodic table. This is because the periodic table only consists of individual elements. That being said, the elements found within H₂O are located on the periodic table. H₂O consists of hydrogen, denoted by the symbol "H", and oxygen, denoted by the symbol "O". The subscript (the 2) tells us that there are 2 hydrogen atoms located in the H₂O molecule.
Hydrogen is the first element listed on the periodic table and can be found in the top leftmost position. Oxygen is the eighth element on the periodic able and is located in the second row at the top right.
Abc Which excerpt from an essay about higher education most clearly shows an example of logos? According to recent studies, more women than ever are attending four-year colleges. In fact, 36.6 percent of women attended college in 2019, compared to 35.4 percent of men. O When I went to college in 1994, I was the first person in my family to do so. My mother stood in my dorm room, surrounded by boxes of clothes and trinkets and holding back tears. O I was in awe of my sociology professor, who had studied the historical impacts of food in African American culture for 10 years. She spoke with such passion and energy that it was difficult to take your eyes off her. O Many college students look to land an exciting internship, believing that it will open doors in their field of study. However, internships can often distract from schoolwork. Mark this and return Save and Exit Next Submit
The excerpt from an essay about higher education that most clearly shows an example of logos is:
Option d: Many college students look to land an exciting internship, believing that it will open doors in their field of study. However, internships can often distract from schoolwork.What is Logos?The Logos Definition is one that is often argued by a lot of people as people tends to appeal to others emotions and some other times, people do appeal to one's' ethics or morals.
The term logos is a term that connote the use of logic. It also includes the use of deductive reasoning to get to a conclusion.
The excerpt from an essay about higher education that most clearly shows an example of logos is:
Option d: Many college students look to land an exciting internship, believing that it will open doors in their field of study. However, internships can often distract from schoolwork.Option d is correct because it shows the cause and its effect.
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Question 8
If I have an unknown quantity of gas at a pressure of 3.85 atm, a volume of 32.4 liters, and a temperature of
80.4°C, how many moles of gas do I have?
Answer:
4.30 moles
Explanation:
You need to use the Ideal Gas Law. The equation looks like this:
PV = nRT
In this equation,
-----> P = pressure (atm)
-----> V = volume (L)
-----> n = moles
-----> R = Ideal Gas Constant (0.08206 atm*L/mol*K)
-----> T = temperature (K)
Before you can plug the given values into the equation and simplify to find "n", you need to convert Celsius to Kelvin. The final answer should have 3 sig figs to match the sig figs of the given values.
P = 3.85 atm R = 0.08206 atm*L/mol*K
V = 32.4 L T = 80.4 °C + 273.15 = 353.55 K
n = ? moles
PV = nRT
(3.85 atm)(32.4 L) = n(0.08206 atm*L/mol*K)(353.55 K)
124.74 = n(29.012313)
4.30 = n
In Part A, we saw that the theoretical yield of aluminum oxide is 0.700 mol . Calculate the percent yield if the actual yield of aluminum oxide is 0.532 mol .
Considering the definition of percent yield, the percent yield is 76%.
Percent yieldThe percent yield is the ratio of the actual return to the theoretical return expressed as a percentage.
The percent yield is calculated as the experimental yield divided by the theoretical yield multiplied by 100%:
[tex]percent yield=\frac{actual yield}{theorical yield}x100[/tex]
where the theoretical yield is the amount of product acquired through the complete conversion of all reagents in the final product, that is, it is the maximum amount of product that could be formed from the given amounts of reagents.
Percent yield in this caseIn this case, you know:
actual yield= 0.532 molestheorical yield= 0.700 molesReplacing in the definition of percent yield:
[tex]percent yield=\frac{0.532 moles}{0.700 moles}x100[/tex]
Solving:
percent yield= 76%
Finally, the percent yield is 76%.
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A neutral atom has high electronegativity.
Describe what happens to this atom during ionic bond formation.
Please get it cleared and stored into your cerebrum that a cation is formed when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence electron shell.
However too, on other hand an anion is formed when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its outermost electron shell.
A cation means a positive ion
An anion means a negative ion
What is electronegativity?Electronegativity is one of physical periodicity and property of elements that describes the tendency of an atom to attract electrons toward itself.
Generally, electronegativity of an atoms of elements in a particular trend is affected by both its atomic number and the distance that its valence electrons reside from the charged nuclei.
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Calculate the osmotic pressure of 20 m solution of
LiCl at 25C
Answer:
979 atm
Explanation:
To calculate the osmotic pressure, you need to use the following equation:
π = i MRT
In this equation,
-----> π = osmotic pressure (atm)
-----> i = van't Hoff's factor (number of dissolved ions)
-----> M = Molarity (M)
-----> R = Ideal Gas constant (0.08206 L*atm/mol*K)
-----> T = temperature (K)
When LiCl dissolves, it dissociates into two ions (Li⁺ and Cl⁻). Therefore, van't Hoff's factor is 2. Before plugging the given values into the equation, you need to convert Celsius to Kelvin.
i = 2 R = 0.08206 L*atm/mol*K
M = 20 M T = 25°C + 273.15 = 298.15 K
π = i MRT
π = (2)(20 M)(0.08206 L*atm/mol*K)(298.15 K)
π = 979 atm
The pressure in car tires is often measured in pounds per square inch ( lb/in.2 ), with the recommended pressure being in the range of 25 to 45 lb/in.2 . Suppose a tire has a pressure of 32.5 lb/in.2 . Convert 32.5 lb/in.2 to its equivalent in atmospheres.
Express the pressure numerically in atmospheres.
when we convert 32.5 lb/in² to atmosphere, the result obtained is 2.21 atm
Conversion scale14.6959 lb/in² = 1 atm
Data obtained from the questionPressure (in lb/in²) = 32.5 lb/in²Pressure (in ATM) =?How to convert 32.5 lb/in² to atm14.6959 lb/in² = 1 atm
Therefore
32.5 lb/in² = 32.5 / 14.6959
32.5 lb/in² = 2.21 atm
Thus, 32.5 lb/in² is equivalent to 2.21 atm
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A reaction produces 156 mL of carbon dioxide gas collected
over water at a temperature of 25.0 °C and a pressure of 99.81
kPa. Calculate the volume of CO2 at STP.
mL
Your answer should be rounded to three significant figures. Do not include units
In your answer.
The volume of the CO₂ produced at STP, given the data is 141 mL
Combined gas equationP₁V₁ / T₁ = P₂V₂ / T₂
Where
Initial pressure => P₁Initial temperature => T₁Initial volume => V₁New pressure => P₂New temperature => T₂New Volume => V₂Data obtained from the questionInitial volume (V₁) = 156 mL Initial temperature (T₁) = 25.0 °C = 25 + 273 = 298 KInitial pressure (P₁) = 99.81 KPaNew pressure (P₂) = STP = 101.325 KPaNew temperature (T₂) = STP = 273 KNew volume (V₂) =? How to determine the volume at PP₁V₁ / T₁ = P₂V₂ / T₂
(99.81 × 156) / 298 = (101.325 × V₂) / 273
Cross multiply
298 × 101.325 × V₂ = 99.81 × 156 × 273
Divide both sides by 298 × 101.325
V₂ = (99.81 × 156 × 273) / (298 × 101.325)
V₂ = 141 mL
Thus, the volume of the CO₂ produced at STP is 141 mL
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balance the redox reaction in alkaline medium & identify the oxidizing & reducing agents
I- + MnO4- ——> IO3- + MnO2
The balanced redox equation of the reaction is given below:
I⁻ + 2 MnO₄ + H₂O → IO₃⁻ + 2 MnO₂ + 2 OH⁻The oxidizing agent is MnO₄ while the reducing agent is I⁻.
What are redox equations?Redox equations are equations in which oxidation and reduction reactions occur together.
Redox reactions can take place in alkaline or acidic mediums.
The balanced redox equation of the reaction is given below:
I⁻ + 2 MnO₄ + H₂O → IO₃⁻ + 2 MnO₂ + 2 OH⁻The oxidizing agent is MnO₄ while the reducing agent is I⁻
In conclusion, a balanced redox equation is one in which the atoms and the change in oxidation state is equal on both sides of the reaction.
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QUESTION 3
List the two ways of determining the chloride content of water
After removing the particles, the solution's chloride content can be assessed using various techniques, such as titration and photometry.
What is the importance of chloride determination?One of the most prevalent inorganic anions in water and wastewater is chloride, which forms the chloride (Cl-) ion. Sodium chloride, a specific food item that passes through the digestive tract undigested, has a higher chloride concentration in wastewater than in raw water. Due to salt water leaking into the sewage system, coast chloride may be present in high concentrations along the sea. Additionally, industrial processes may cause it to rise.The salty taste caused by chloride concentration in drinkable water varies and depends on the water's chemical makeup. If sodium cation is present, some waters with 250 mg/L Cl- may have a flavor that can be identified as salty. On the other hand, when calcium and magnesium cations predominate, the typical salty taste may be missing in fluids containing as much as 1000 mg/L. A high chloride level may injure developing plants, steel pipelines, and structures.The salinity of various water sources can be determined using the detected chloride ions. It is a crucial parameter for brackish water (or seawater or industrial brine solution) because it indicates how much desalting of the apparatus is needed. Additionally, it affects the COD calculation, necessitating a modification based on the amount present or adding a complexing agent like HgSO4. Additionally, column studies that predict the fate of various pollutants in soil and liquid media use chloride ions as tracer ions.After removing the particles, the solution's chloride content can be assessed using various techniques, such as titration and photometry.
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What does a change in the entropy of a system indicate?
A.
That the disorder of the system has changed
B.
That the equilibrium position has changed
C.
That the energy of the system has changed
D.
That the activation energy has changed
A change in the entropy of a system indicate that the disorder of the system has changed. Option A
What is a change in entropy?A change in entropy indicates is a measure of the disorder, or randomness, in a system.
An increased value of entropy means more disorder, and a decreased value of entropy means less disorder.
These changes in entropy occur spontaneously
Thus, a change in the entropy of a system indicate that the disorder of the system has changed. Option A
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What is the main problem with a Planetary system model of the atom?
Electrons moving in a circle would be accelerating, would lose energy, and
would therefore not be able to maintain their orbits.
O Protons would be required to emit electromagnetic radiation when accelerated.
O The Planetary system model requires a massless, positively charged matrix and
there is no evidence that this exists.
1 nts
Electrons moving in a circle would be accelerating, would lose energy, and would therefore not be able to maintain their orbits.
What are atomic models?Atomic models are designed to determine the nature of the atom. There have been several atomic models whose ultimate aim have been to underscore the interaction between the particles that compose the atom.
The atomic models include;
The Thompson modelThe Rutherford modelThe Bohr modelThe Wave mechanics modelThe main problem of the Planetary system model (Rutherford model) of the atom is that electrons moving in a circle would be accelerating, would lose energy, and would therefore not be able to maintain their orbits.
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Positive ions usually form from ____
and are called cations.
Metals
Noble gases
Nonmetals
Answer:
Metals
Explanation:
Positive ions are formed when atoms give up some valence electrons in order to have a full octet. The atoms most likely to do this have a small number of valence electrons. Most to these atoms are generally in the s-block (left side) of the periodic table. These elements are metals.
*nonmetals are located in the p-block (right side) and noble gases are located in the 18th column (far right column)
URGENT
The graph shows the distribution of energy in the particles of two gas samples at different temperatures, T1 and T2. A, B, and C represent individual particles.
Based on the graph, which of the following statements is likely to be true?
Particle B is more likely to participate in the reaction than particle A.
Particle C is more likely to participate in the reaction than particle B.
Most of the gas particles have either very high or very low kinetic energies.
More gas particles participate in the reaction at T2 than at T1.
Answer:
particle C is more likely to participate in the reaction than particle B
please help me with this question
1. The resulting concentration will be 0.00044 mol/L
2. The minimum mass of sodium sulfite to add will be 0.4032 grams.
Stoichiometric problems1. Using m1v1=m2v2
m1 = 0.01 mol/L, v1 = 20 mL, v2 = 450 mL
m2 = m1v1/v2 = 0.01 x 20/450 = 0.00044 mol/L
2. [tex]Na_2SO_3 + Ca(NO_3)_2 --- > 2NaNO_3 + CaSO_3[/tex]
Mole ratio of the reactants = 1:1
Mole of 80 mL, 0.0400 mol/L Ca(NO3)2 = 80/1000 x 0.0400 = 0.0032 mol
Equivalent mole of Na2SO3 = 0.0032 moles
Mass of 0.0032 moles Na2SO3 = 0.0032 x 126 = 0.4032 grams
Thus, the minimum mass of sodium sulfite to be added must be 0.4032 grams.
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A mixture contains NaHCO3
together with unreactive components. A 1.68 g sample of the mixture reacts with HA
to produce 0.561 g of CO2
.
The molar mass of NaHCO3
is 84.01 g/mol
and the molar mass of CO2
is 44.01 g/mol.
What is the percent by mass of NaHCO3
in the original mixture?
Answer: 63.75 %
Explanation:
The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:
NaHCO3 + HA = NaA + H2O + CO2
According to the chemical equation, one mole of NaHCO3 will react with one mole of HA to form one mole of NaA, H2O and CO2. All the components are in same mole ratio of 1:1:1:1
So,
Moles of CO2 = weight/molar mass = 0.561/44 = 0.01275 moles
Moles of CO2 will be equal to moles of NaHCO3 = 0.01275 moles
Moles = weight/mass
Weight = moles × mass
So the weight of NaHCO3 = 0.01275 × 84.01 = 1.071 g
The percentage mass of NaHCO3 in the original mixture =(1.071/1.68)× 100% = 63.75 %
Therefore, the percent by mass of NaHCO3 in the original mixture was 63.75 %
(Yield Problem)
3Mg+2FeCl3=2Fe+3MgCl2
When 20.5 g of Mg reacts with an excess of FeCl3, 25.9 g of Fe is produced. What is the percent
yield of the reaction?
Answer:
Percent Yield Fe = 82.5%
Explanation:
The actual yield is the value produced after an experiment is conducted. The theoretical yield is the value calculated using the balanced chemical equation and atomic/molar masses.
To find the percent yield of iron (Fe), you need to (1) convert grams Al to moles Al (via atomic mass), then (2) convert moles Al to moles Fe (via mole-to-mole ratio from equation coefficients), then (3) convert moles Fe to grams Fe (via atomic mass), and then (4) calculate the percent yield. It is important to arrange the ratios in a way that allows for the cancellation of units. The final answer should have 3 sig figs to reflect the sig figs of the given values.
Atomic Mass (Mg): 24.305 g/mol
Atomic Mass (Fe): 55.845 g/mol
3 Mg + 2 FeCl₃ -----> 2 Fe + 3 MgCl₂
20.5 g Mg 1 mole 2 moles Fe 55.845 g
----------------- x ----------------- x ---------------------- x ----------------- =
24.305 g 3 moles Mg 1 mole
= 31.4 g Fe
Actual Yield
Percent Yield = ---------------------------------- x 100%
Theoretical Yield
25.9 g Fe
Percent Yield = -------------------- x 100%
31.4 g Fe
Percent Yield = 82.5%
what is the Thermodynamics of leaching of ilmenite in hydrochloric acid for titania pigment production?
The thermodynamics of leaching of ilmenite in hydrochloric acid for titania pigment production is an industrial production of nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2).
What is thermodynamics?Thermodynamics is defined as the change in the energy of system that brings about work in that system.
The leaching of ilmenite which is a titanium-iron oxide mineral with HCl can lead to the production of titanium dioxide (TiO2).
The use of thermodynamics in this process controls the heat and energy of the leaching system leading to a better yield of final products.
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