Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD/BMD) are X-linked recessive neuromuscular disorders characterized by progressive irreversible muscle weakness and atrophy that affect both skeletal and cardiac muscles
What is Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy ?Both Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy are caused by mutations in a protein called dystrophin
In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, functioning dystrophin is completely absent in muscle, while in Becker muscular dystrophy, there is some dystrophin present, although not enough for completely normal muscle function.it usually affects boys in early childhood; people with the condition will usually only live into their 20s or 30s.Learn more about Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy here:
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3) Organic compounds A) always contain nitrogen. B) are synthesized only by animal cells. C) always contain carbon. D) always contain oxygen.
Always contain Carbon
The majority of organic compounds contain carbon, hydrogen, and occasionally other elements such as nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, or phosphorus.
What are Organic compounds ?Organic compound, any of a large class of chemical compounds in which one or more atoms of carbon are covalently linked to atoms of other elements, most commonly hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen.
The few carbon-containing compounds not classified as organic include carbides, carbonates, and cyanides.Carbon is the key element because it has four electrons in an outer electron shell that can hold eight electronsLearn more about Organic compounds here:
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Drag each circle to the correct location on the image. Each circle can be used more than once, but not all circles will be used.
Geologists have observed that a portion of Africa is breaking away from the main continent. This is happening because the African Plate is in the process of splitting up into two parts. Scientists have named the two new tectonic plates the Nubian Plate and Somalian Plate. Both of these plates are not only moving away from each other but also away from the Arabian Plate.
Based on this information, determine the type of boundaries these two new plates would share with each other and the Arabian Plate.
In divergent boundaries, plates separate from each other and new crust is created between them. The boundary these two new plates would share with each other and the Arabian Plate is the divergent boundary.
What are the three types of boundaries?I. Divergent
A new crust is created by the rising molten materials coming from the mantle.
Two plates separate, and a stream of hot material creates a new seabed between them. It occurs in an expansion of the sea bottom.
As old plates get separated, new and young crust instantaneously gets formed. The emerging mantle occupies the space left by the separation of the two plates.
II. Convergent.
When two plates move forward to each other, they end up colliding and causing the deformation of one or both plates.
Three possible collisions might occur,
• Two oceanic plates might collide ⇒ subduction
• Two continental plates might collide ⇒ obduction
• Oceanic plate and continental plates collide ⇒ Subduction
III. Transforming.
The plates slide laterally with each other, and they are usually called faults.
It is associated, in general, with the oceanic ridge, although it might also occur on the continental plate.
In the exposed example, the African plate is splitting up into two parts, meaning these two parts are separating from each other. A new seabed is created between the Nubian Plate and Somalian Plate.
Since these plates are also separating from the Arabian Plate, we can also assume a new seabed is emerging between them.
The boundary these two new plates would share with each other and the Arabian Plate is the divergent boundary. Plates are separating from each other. They are not converging nor sliding.
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Based on the information given, the two new plates (Nubian Plate and Somalian Plate) are moving away from each other, which suggests that they share a divergent boundary. Additionally, both plates are also moving away from the Arabian Plate, which suggests that they share another divergent boundary with the Arabian Plate. Therefore, both the Nubian Plate and Somalian Plate share a divergent boundary with each other and the Arabian Plate.
Based on the ratios in the f2 population, how many genes are involved in the production of color?
There are many traits in human which is determine by polygenic inheritance such as skin co-lour, hair co-lour, eyes co-lour, height , risk for diseases and resistance , intelligence, etc.
Inheritance of skin pigmentation is polytechnic inheritance .In thee F2 generation -AaBbCc * AaBbCc mate they varying range from dark to very light ,F2 generation of two triple hetero-zygotes.
Punnet square showing F2 generation offspring continuous variation.The expression of poly-genes is greatly influenced by environment conditions.There are genetically basis for human skin co-lour because of more than 100 different genes involved which produce melanin pigment which responsible for co-lour of a person.
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Place the following australopithecines in the chronological order in which they likely lived, from oldest to most recent.
Australopithecus anamensis, Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus garhi, Australopithecus sediba .
What is the oldest australopithecine?Au. anamensis, the earliest Australopithecus species, was found in northern Kenya, close to Lake Turkana, in Kanapoi and Allia Bay. After examining solitary teeth, upper and lower jaws, skull pieces, and tibia bones discovered at the discovery locations, the species was initially described in 1995.At least seven species of australopithecines are now generally recognized, including Australopithecus afarensis.What are the 7 stages of human evolution?The following are the stages of human evolution:
Dryopithecus- These are deemed to be the ancestors of both man and apes.Ramapithecus.Homo Erectus.Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis.Homo Sapiens Sapiens.Learn more about australopithecines
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Describe the pressures in the atria and ventricles that would cause the opening of the AV valves. Pressures in the atria and ventricles would be equal. Pressure in the ventricles would be greater than in the atria. Pressure in the atria would be greater than the pressure in the ventricles.
The pressures in the atria and ventricles that would cause the AV valves to open. This is when the pressure in the atria would be greater than the pressure in the ventricles.
What does pressure in the atria cause?The pressure drops below 120 mmHg as the ventricles relax, causing the semilunar valves to close. As the pressure continues to fall, the atrial pressure exceeds that of the ventricles, and the atrioventricular valves open. Meanwhile the blood is being pumped around the body.
With this information, we can conclude that the pressure in the atria would be greater than the pressure in the ventricles.
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Which specific b vitamin is critical for energy metabolism and nerve cell membranes? deficiency in this vitamin leads to beriberi.
Thiamin deficiency in this vitamin leads to beriberi.
ThiaminVitamin B1 (thiamin), often known as thiamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that can be obtained as a dietary supplement or naturally in some foods. The growth and operation of different cells depend heavily on thiamin. There is a daily requirement for thiamin because only trace amounts are kept in the liver. However, it wasn't until the late 19th century that the symptoms of thiamin shortage were linked to nutrition. The symptoms of thiamin deficiency were originally noted in ancient literature of Chinese medicine. Japanese sailors who consumed a restricted diet of just rice for months at sea in 1884 were found to have unusually high rates of disease and mortality, according to a Japanese physician.
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If this individual is limited in hip flexion due to posterior muscle tension, what could be done to increase hip flexion?
Kneel along with your left knee on the floor and your right leg at a 90-degree perspective in front of you. Put your hands on your proper knee and hold your back instantly. Keeping your left knee pressed to the floor, lean ahead into your proper hip even as squeezing the muscles to your left buttocks. maintain for 30 seconds.
No longer engaging in everyday bodily activity can result in weak hip flexors. Underuse of the hip muscles can cause the muscle to degenerate and become vulnerable, which is known as muscle atrophy.
The primary hip extensors consist of the gluteus maximus, posterior head of the adductor Magnus, and hamstrings. Within the anatomic role, the posterior head of the adductor Magnus has the best second arm for extension, observed intently by means of the semitendinosus.
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A selectively permeable membrane sac filled with water and large molecules of starch is suspended in a beaker of distilled water. what will happen?
A selective permeable membrane sac filled with water and large molecules of starch is suspended in a break of distilled water then water will enter into the sack and it will swell.
This is the process of osmosis in which movement of water molecules form a solution with high concentration to lower concentration till the equilibrium attain. Starch does not pass through thee selectively permeable membrane.Water moves from outside if the cell to the inside leading to swelling of cells.
Small molecules diffuse faster than larger molecules through a membrane. The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute.
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20 points PLEASE HELP! URGENT!!! Filtering relies in part on blood pressure. Your kidneys filter about 180 liters of blood each day. If you have about 5 liters of blood, how many times per day does your blood get filtered? Show your work
Filtering relies in part of blood pressure. Your kidneys filter about 180 litres of blood each day. If you have about 5 litres of blood then it will get filtered 36 times.
Your kidneys are each composed of a million nephrons, that are filtering units. Each nephron includes a filter, termed the glomerulus, and a tubule. The glomerulus filters your bloodstream, and the tubule provides essential elements to your blood while removing waste. This is how the nephrons function.
The pace at which kidneys filter blood is called the glomerular filtration rate. The blood pressure that enters the glomerulus serves as the primary driving force for the filtering procedure, or outward pressure.
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witch best illustrates a result of natural selection?
A result of natural selection is D) giraffes having increasingly more extended necks over time. Natural selection is an evolutionary mechanism that was offered by Darwin.
According to this mechanism, organisms that are better skilled of adapting to their changing environmental conditions, survive and grow their number through reproduction whereas other are stopped from the population.
Who discovered natural selection?
The theory of natural selection was studied by 19th-century naturalist Charles Darwin. Natural selection describes how genetic traits of a species may change over time.
What is natural selection and example?Natural selection is the process in nature by which organisms better adapted to their environment manage to persist and reproduce more than those less adapted to their environment. For example, treefrogs are sometimes consumed by snakes and birds.
correct question shown below,
Which best illustrates a result of natural selection?
A) a bat that is born with a wing that is missing the web
B) dark-colored hares living in a snowy area
C) mosquitoes that transmit disease to humans
D) giraffes having increasingly longer necks over time
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I WILL MARK U BRAINLIEST IF U ANSWER THIS QUESTION!!
Where is the frog's heart compared to its lungs? How do the locations of these organs affect interactions between the frog's respiratory and circulatory systems?
A frog's heart is situated in the chest, next to the lungs. The frog's heart is connected to a pair of sac-like organs called the lungs, which aid in breathing. Blood that is rich in oxygen is pumped from the lungs to the rest of the body by the heart.
What is anatomy?Anatomy is a branch of biology that focuses on identifying and describing the physical characteristics of living creatures.
A frog's respiratory system has three alternative pathways for oxygen to enter the body: through the skin, the lungs, and an unique mouth lining.
The circulatory system is connected to each of these respiratory surfaces, allowing the blood to be oxygenated.
The heart of a frog is located near to the lungs in the chest. The lungs of the frog are a pair of sac-like organs that help with breathing and are connected to the heart. The heart pumps oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the rest of the body.
Thus, this way, the locations of these organs affect interactions between the frog's respiratory and circulatory systems.
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Do you think the responses from the Sympathetic Nervous System, or the Parasympathetic Nervous System, have had a greater influence on human evolution
What is human nervous system?
The human nervous system is divided into two parts,1. The Central Neural System(CNS)
2. The Peripheral Neural System(PNS)
The CNS includes the brain and the spinal cord and is the site ofinformation processing and control. The PNS comprises of all the nerves of the body associated with the CNS i.e., brain and spinal cord.The nerve fibres of the PNS are of two types :1. Afferent fibres
2. Efferent fibres
The PNS is divided into two divisions called;a. Somatic neural system
b. Autonomic neural system
The somatic neural system relays impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles while the autonomic neural system transmits impulses from the CNS to the involuntary organs and smooth muscles of the body. The autonomic neural system is further classified as;(i) Sympathetic neural system
(ii) Parasympathetic neural system
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The brain is a network of interconnecting neurons that control and integrate the body's activities. what components make up these neurons?
Dendrites, axons, and the cell body, or soma, which can be compared to the branches, roots, and trunk of a tree, are the three primary components of a neuron.
The basic building blocks of the brain and nervous system are neurons (also known as neurones or nerve cells). Neurons are the cells that receive sensory information from the outside world, give motor commands to our muscles, and transform and relay electrical signals at each stage along the way. A neuron gets information from neighbouring cells on its dendrite, or "tree branch." Motor neurons, sensory neurons, and interneurons are the three main subtypes of neurons.
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Suppose a mouse develops loss of sodium pump activity in the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle in all of the nephrons in both kidneys. What problem would you expect this mouse to have?.
A tendency to drink more water than normal accompanied by excretion of dilute urine.
What happens in the thick ascending limb of loop of Henle?Sodium chloride (NaCl) is actively reabsorbed by the thick ascending limb of loop of Henle, but water cannot pass through it. A lumen-to-interstitium osmotic gradient and medullary interstitial hypertonicity are consequently produced as a result of this segment's increase in the interstitial fluid's osmolality.
If the sodium pump loses its activity then sodium is not reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb of loop of Henle. The concentration of sodium chloride increases in the interstitial fluid and hence more water will be needed to counter the effect and more dilute urine will be excreted out.
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Select the correct answer. betty drew the life cycle of a butterfly for a science exhibition. the life cycle showed the various stages of growth before the egg turns into a butterfly. what type of model did betty use? illustration of a monarch butterfly life cycle. eggs, larva, chrysalis, and adult. a. hypothetical b. conceptual c. mathematical d. physical
blood vessel with the largest lumen
A blood vessel that carries blood to the heart is called a vein. Veins have thin walls and larger, more erratic lumens than arteries.
Where are blood vessels found in your body?Blood is delivered to human tissues by arteries, which act as conduits or channels. Two tube-like closed systems of vessels start and stop at heart. The pulmonary arteries are a single system that carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium.Blood vessels and heart vessels make up your circulatory system. About 60,000 miles of blood arteries make up your body.Blood is carried through blood arteries throughout the body. The blood is brought back to the heart by veins. Body cells and tissues are surrounded by capillaries that transport and absorb nutrition, oxygen, and other chemicals.Blood vessels are the channels or conduits through which blood is distributed to body tissues.The arteries (red) carry oxygen and nutrients away from your heart to your body's tissues. The veins (blue) take oxygen-poor blood back to the heart. Arteries begin with the aorta, the large artery leaving the heart. They carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to all of the body's tissues.To learn more about blood vessels, refer to:
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Arteries have thick walls comprised of three distinct layers (tunica) Veins have thin walls but generally have wider lumen (lumen size may vary depending on specific artery or vein)
A vein is a blood vessel that executes blood toward the heart. Compared to arteries, veins are thin-walled vessels with large and varying lumens
Which blood vessel is the biggest?the aorta
The largest artery is the aorta, the main high-pressure pipeline related to the heart's left ventricle. The aorta branches into a network of smaller arteries that extend throughout the body. The arteries' shorter branches are called arterioles and capillaries.
What are large lumen veins?Veins bring unoxygenated blood towards the heart, away from tissues at low pressure so the lumen is immense. Blood carries more slower and often against gravity so valves and a larger lumen ensure it is still fascinated efficiently. Capillaries have the smallest lumen but relative to their size the lumen is quite big.
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What unique ecological attributes do islands generally have? What impacts do exotic species have upon endemic and other species in oceania?
Identify the four phases in the life cycle of a cell and place the events in order, starting with events that occur immediately after the cell was born.
The four phases in the life cycle of a cell and place the events in order, starting with events that occur immediately after the cell was born are:
The first gap (G1)The synthesis (S)The second gap (G2)MWhat is a cell?A cell can be defined as simplest, basic, functional and structural unit of life
In conclusion, the four phases in the life cycle of a cell and place the events in order, starting with events that occur immediately after the cell was born are:
first gap (G1), synthesis (S) scond gap (G2) and M
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What is a biochemical
Answer:
Biochemistry is the branch of science that explores the chemical processes within and related to living organisms.
Answer:
Glucose is an example of a biochemical compound. The prefix bio- comes from the Greek word that means “life.” A biochemical compound is any carbon-based compound that is found in living things. Biochemical compounds make up the cells and tissues of living things.Mike takes lithium to regulate his affect. this drug is particularly used to treat:________
The drug lithium is particularly used to treat bipolar disorder and severe depression.
Chronic mood disorders like bipolar disorder lead to abrupt changes in mood, energy, and behavior.
The primary symptoms of bipolar disorder are manic and hypomanic episodes, and the majority of those who have them also experience depressed periods.
One of the most popular and well-researched drugs for treating bipolar disorder is lithium.
The frequency and intensity of mania are both lessened by lithium.
Additionally, it might lessen or shield against bipolar depression.
Lithium can considerably lower the risk of depression, according to studies.
Hence, The drug lithium is particularly used to treat bipolar disorder and severe depression.
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A body of water with a mountain range in the background. the landform pictured here is most commonly formed at what type of plate boundary?
The landform pictured here is most commonly formed by the convergent boundary.
What is the convergent boundary?A convergent boundary (also known as a destructive boundary) is a section of the Earth's surface where two or more lithospheric plates collide. Subduction is the process through which one plate moves beneath the other. The Wadati-Benioff zone, a plane where many earthquakes occur, defines the subduction zone. These collisions occur on timescales ranging from millions to tens of millions of years and can result in volcanism, earthquakes, orogenesis, lithosphere damage, and deformation. Convergent borders occur between the oceanic and continental lithospheres, as well as the oceanic and continental lithospheres. The geologic features associated with convergent boundaries differ depending on the type of crust.Therefore, the landform pictured here is most commonly formed by the convergent boundary.
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Answer:
Covergent Boundary
Explanation:
(b) What are the differences between reproduction in Rhizopus and in maize.
Maize reproduces sexually while rhizopus reproduces both sexually and asexually.
Reproduction in rhizopus and in maizeRhizopus belongs to a group of organisms in the kingdom Fungi. Maize, on the other hand, belongs to a group of organisms in the kingdom Plantae.
Rhizopus is able to reproduce both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction is by the fusion of compatible hyphae - one carrying the + strain and the other the - strain.
Asexual reproduction in rhizopus is by the formation of asexual spores - sporangiospores and chlamydospores.
Maize is only able to reproduce sexually. The male gamete in the form of pollen pollinates (fertilizes) the female gamete in the form of ovule or egg. Double fertilization occurs to form a seed coat that nourishes the zygote.
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What two environmental factors influence the shape of a proteins?
What is the term called when the shape of a protein is changed?
What impact does this change in shape have on the proteins ability to function or job?
Make sure to use complete sentences, and write a sentence to answer each question.
The shape of proteins are affected by temperature and pH.
The change of shape of proteins is known as denaturation.
Denaturation of a protein will make it unable to function.
What factors affect protein functions?Proteins are large molecules which are found in living organisms.
The shape of proteins are affected by temperature and pH of their environment.
The change of shape of proteins is known as denaturation.
Denaturation of a protein will make it unable to function since protein function depends on its shape.
In conclusion, protein denaturation affects its function.
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How are the products represented in the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
O 0₂ +6C0₂
O C6H12O6 + 6H₂O
O 6CO2 + 6H₂O
O C6H12O6 + 60₂
Answer:
D.) C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂
Explanation:
The balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis:
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O ------> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂
The reactants are on the left side of the reaction, and the products are on the right side. The reactants consist of carbon dioxide and water. The products are glucose and oxygen.
The products represented in the chemical equation for photosynthesis is C6H12O6 + 60₂. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
What do you mean by photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is a cycle utilized by plants and different life forms to change over light energy into substance energy that, through cell breath, can later be delivered to fuel the creature's exercises.
Trees and plants use energy from the sun and carbon dioxide in the air to make food through a natural process called photosynthesis. The plants and trees that make up forests play a role in the production of oxygen by storing carbon both above and below the ground.
Instances of photosynthesizing organic entities: Phytoplankton photosynthesis is basically carried out by green plants, cyanobacteria and various kinds of algae.
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The universal biohazard symbol shall be placed on which of the following items for labeling to indicate the presence of a potential risk
The universal biohazard symbol shall be placed on Laboratory equipment housing biohazards (such as incubators and freezers) to indicate the presence of a potential risk.
What is Biohazard?Any biological or chemical substance that poses a risk to people, animals, or the environment is referred to as a biohazard. Body fluids, human tissue, blood, and recombinant DNA can all fall under this category. All human waste should be handled and disposed of appropriately since biohazards have the potential to infect anyone who is exposed to them.
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Mycobacteria have a large amount of a component in their cell wall that other bacteria lack. that component is:_______
Mycobacteria have a large amount of a component in their cell wall that other bacteria lack and this component is lipids.
What are Mycobacteria?Mycobacteria are a special class of bacteria belonging to the family Mycobacteriaceae (Actinomycetota).
These bacteria (Mycobacteria) are characterized to be a cell wall composed of mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycans.
In conclusion, Mycobacteria have a large amount of a component in their cell wall that other bacteria lack and this component is lipids.
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The condition characterized by advanced hyposecretion of the thyroid gland in adults is:________.
The condition characterized by advanced hyposecretion of the thyroid gland in adults is Hyperthyroidism.
It is the result of excess thyroid hormone, which causes an overactive or we can say increased metabolism and increased speed of all the body's processes. The condition of hyperthyroidism is the most common cause of goiter in the today's world, as shown in the attached image.
Therefore, it leads to weight loss, fast heart rate, sweating, and . nervousness. The most common cause for an overactive thyroid is an autoimmune disorder which is called Grave's disease.
There is a medical name for the term hyperthyroidism which is overactive thyroid.
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PLEASE HELP! I GOING TO FAIL!
Nutrients are brought to spongy bone through which mechanism? (2 points)
Transport through Haversian canals
Diffusion through canaliculi
Diffusion through the lacuna
Transport through collagen fibers
I'm completely sure it's not the first option, but I don't know which one it is!!!!
Answer:
DIFFUSION THROUGH CANALICULI.
Explanation:
Through the process of diffusion through the canaliculi, nutrients are delivered to compact bone. Osteocyte communication occurs through microscopic channels called canaliculi that exist between lacunae.
You got this! Don't think that you're going to fail! Stay in there!
Luke is a quarterback on a football team. He throws the ball into the air and the wide receiver catches it and scores a touchdown. In a neuron, which physical part plays a role similar to that of the wide receiver in football
A dendrite is a neuron whose physical part plays a role similar to that of the wide receiver in football
The finger-like cells called dendrites are found on the terminal of a neuron. They are tiny, branching fibers that protrude from the nerve cell's cell body. This fiber expands the area that can be used to receive incoming data. The receiving or input parts of a neuron are called dendrites.
Appendages called dendrites are made to receive signals from neighboring cells. They take the form of projections with a tree-like structure that are triggered by other neurons and carry the electrochemical charge to the cell body (or, more rarely, directly to the axons). These little protrusions relay electrical stimulation to the soma and take in information from neighboring neurons. Synapses also cover the dendrites.
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Sari and Jon disagree over who needs more calories (proportionately) per day to survive a three-month-old baby or a
grown adult San argues that a grown adult is bigger and needs more calories per pound of body weight Jon believes
the baby would require more calories per pound of body weight
he is most likely conect and why?
San, because it takes more energy to move the larger muscles that adults have, so they need more calories
Jon, because babies grow at a much berate than adults and require more cabries to support this growth
Jah, because babies are more active than grown adults and need more energy from calories
San because adults have more to do during the day and need more calories to sustain their activities
Answer:
Jon, because babies grow at a much [faster rate] than adults and require more [calories] to support this growth
Explanation:
Adults need 13 calories per pound of body weight while babies need 35 to 50 calories per pound of body weight.
Answer:
b
Explanation: