Answer:
the chemical equation of ethanol as fuel is
C2H5OH(l)+3 02(g)------2CO2(g)+3H2O(g)
the preparation process of ethanol from cassava is
cassava flour---liquification---saccharification---cooling---fermentation---distillation---ethanol
If you dissolve 0.1 mol of formic acid in 1 L of water, ther esulting solution contains 0.004 mol of H₃O+. Based on this information, is formic acid a strong acid, or is it a weak acid?
Please explain!
In an ideal case, the acid would completely protonate. such an acid would be a strong acid. Dissociation of Formic acid looks like:
HCOOH + H₂O → COOH⁻ + H₃O⁺
one mole of formic acid should give one mole of Hydronium(H₃O⁺) ions
similarly, 0.1 moles of formic acid should produce 0.1 moles of hydronium ions. but we know that it is not the case, a much lesser amount is actually formed.
Which means that Formic acid did not completely dissociate into COOH⁻ and H⁺ ions.
Hence, Formic Acid is a weak acid
We know
Any acid
Containing carbon is weak Containing no carbon is strongFormic acid stands for HCOOH
It contains C means dissociation is less .
The dissociation of H+ is less means acidity is less.
Weak acidAn oxidation-reduction reaction in which 3 electrons are Transferred has ∆G° = +18.55 kJ at 25°C? What is the value of E°?
Answer:
The correct answer is: 0.064 V
Explanation:
In a oxidation-reduction reaction, the relation between Gibbs free energy (ΔGº) and cell potential (Eºcell) is given by:
[tex]\Delta G^{0} = -nFE^{0} _{cell}[/tex]
where n is the number of electrons that are transferred in the reaction and F is the Faraday constant (96,500 C/mol e-). Given: ∆G° = +18.55 kJ and n= 3 mol e-, we calculate Eºcell as follows:
+18.55 kJ = (-3 mol e-) x (96500 C/mol e-) x Eºcell
Eºcell= (+18.55 kJ)/(-3 mol e-) x (96500 C/mol e-)
Eºcell= (18550 J)/ (289500 C)
Eºcell= 0.064 J/C
Since 1 Volt= 1 Joule/1 Coulomb, thus:
Eºcell= 0.064 J/C = 0.064 V
Consider the compound hydrazine N2H4 (MW = 32.0 amu). It can react with I2 (MW = 253.8 amu) by the following reaction 2 I2 + N2H4 ------------- 4 HI + N2 (a) How many grams of I2 are needed to react with 36.7 g of N2H4? (b) How many grams of HI (MW = 127.9 amu) are produced from the reaction of 115.7 g of N2H4 with excess iodine?
Answer:Cobb
Explanation:What y'all
11mg of cyanide per kilogram of body weight is lethal for 50% of domestic chickens. How many grams per kilogram of body weight is a lethal dose for 50% of domestic chickens?
Answer:
[tex]0.033g[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, since 11 mg per kilogram of body weight has the given lethality, the mg that turn out lethal for a chicken weighting 3 kg is computed by using a rule of three:
[tex]11mg\longrightarrow 1kg\\\\x\ \ \ \ \ \ \longrightarrow 3kg[/tex]
Thus, we obtain:
[tex]x=\frac{3kg*11mg}{1kg}\\ \\x=33mg[/tex]
That in grams is:
[tex]=33mg*\frac{1g}{1000mg} \\\\=0.033g[/tex]
Regards.
If we represent the equilibrium as:...N2O4(g) 2 NO2(g) We can conclude that: 1. This reaction is: A. Exothermic B. Endothermic C. Neutral D. More information is needed to answer this question. 2. When the temperature is increased the equilibrium constant, K: A. Increases B. Decreases C. Remains the same D. More information is needed to answer this question. 3. When the temperature is increased the equilibrium concentration of NO2: A. Increases B. Decreases C. Remains the same D. More information is needed to answer this question.
Answer:
1. This reaction is: B. Endothermic.
2. When the temperature is increased the equilibrium constant, K: A. Increases.
3. When the temperature is increased the equilibrium concentration of NO2: A. Increases.
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, considering the images, we can state that the red color at high temperature is due to the presence of nitrogen dioxide (product) and the lower coloring is due to the presence of dinitrogen tetroxide (reactant) at low temperature.
With the aforementioned, we can conclude that the chemical reaction:
[tex]N_2O_4(g) \rightleftharpoons 2 NO_2(g)[/tex]
Is endothermic since high temperatures favor the formation of the product and the low temperatures favor the consumption of the the reactant. thereby:
1. This reaction is: B. Endothermic.
2. When the temperature is increased the equilibrium constant, K: A. Increases. In this particular case, since the dinitrogen tetroxide has 1 molecule and nitrogen dioxide two molecules in the chemical reaction, the entropy change should be positive, therefore, by increasing the T, the Gibbs free energy of reaction becomes more negative:
[tex]G=H-TS[/tex]
As Gibbs free energy becomes more negative, the equilibrium constant becomes bigger given their relationship:
[tex]K=exp(-\frac{\Delta G}{RT} )[/tex]
3. When the temperature is increased the equilibrium concentration of NO2: A. Increases.
Regards.
Consider the reaction: NaNO3(s) + H2SO4(l) NaHSO4(s) + HNO3(g) ΔH° = 21.2 kJ
How much heat must absorbed by the reaction system to convert 100g of NaNO3 into NaHSO4(s)?
Answer:
endet nach selam nw
4gh7
The decrease in the water table due to overuse of water.
Answer: Groundwater and surface water are connected. When groundwater is overused, the lakes, streams, and rivers connected to groundwater can also have their supply diminished. Land subsidence occurs when there is a loss of support below ground. This is most often caused by human activities, mainly from the overuse of groundwater, when the soil collapses, compacts, and drops.
Hope it Helps. :)
A star is observed from two positions of Earth in its orbit, in summer and winter. Which of these is the best method to calculate the approximate distance of the star from Earth? measure the parallax and use it in calculations measure the red shift of emitted light and use it in calculations use doppler effect to calculate the shift in light traveling from star to Earth in winter use doppler effect to calculate the shift in light traveling from star to Earth in summer
Answer:
measure the parallax and use it in calculations
Explanation:
got it right on test
There are many more stars at different distances from the earth. The distance to the stars calculated in light years and it is measured using parallax method.Thus option a is correct.
What is parallax method?Parallax method is used to measure the approximate distance of stars from earth. It uses the position of nearby star from two points opposite to earth and the small angular displacement observed from the remote stars are noted.
The orbit radius of earth and distance to the stars can be calculated from the parallactic angle p, that is one second of arc. Thus the distance is described in the units parsec.
The distance to the stars are usually calculated in light years. One parsec equals 3.26 light years. The nearest star to earth is named as proxima century having the distance parallax 0.76813'' which equals 4.24 light years. Thus, parallax is inversely proportional to the distance.
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Van der Waals forces hold molecules together by: A. moving electrons from one molecule to another. B. attracting a lone pair of electrons to the positive charge of a hydrogen. C. inducing temporary dipoles that attract each other. D. sharing electrons between atoms.
Van der Waals forces hold molecules together by inducing temporary dipoles that attract each other. That is option C
Van Der Waals forces are example of those intermolecular forces which are weaker than ionic and covalent bonds that exists between molecules.
Van Der Waals forces was postulated by a Dutch physicist known as Van Der Waals. He postulated the existence of weak, short-range forces of attraction, which are independent of normal bonding forces, between non-polar molecules. He came to this conclusion after studying the of real gases at low temperatures and high pressures that:
electrons in a non-polar molecule such as hydrogen are close to one nucleus as to the other, although momentary concentration at one end of the molecule may occur, this momentary concentration of electron cloud on one side create a temporary dipole in the hydrogen molecule, that is, one side of the molecule acquires a partial negative charge while the other side acquires a partial positive charge of equal magnitude, the temporary dipole induces a similar dipole in an adjacent behavior molecule, this results in a temporary dipole-induced dipole attraction between the positive and negative ends of the adjacent molecules.This is how weak Van Der Waals forces are set up. Therefore, option C is CORRECT
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Isotopes are: A. are only theoretical. B. only formed in laboratories. C. found in nature. D. found in the nuclear reactions in stars but not on Earth.
Answer:
B. only formed in laboratories
Explanation:
i know
Isotopes are only formed in Laboratories. hence, Option (B) is correct.
What are Isotopes ?
Each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties; in particular, a radioactive form of an element is known as Isotope.
Isotopes are two or more types of atoms that have the same atomic number and position in the periodic table, and that differ in nucleon numbers due to different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.
Therefore, Isotopes are only formed in Laboratories. hence, Option (B) is correct.
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When salt is added to water, all of the following happens except? A. The salt breaks into positive chlorine ions and negative sodium icons B. the positive part of the water molecule is attracted to the negative ions C. The negative part of the water molecule is attracted to the positive ions D. The water molecules surround the dissociated ions
Answer:
The salt breaks into positive chlorine ions and negative sodium icons
Explanation:
The question requested for the wrong option in the list. If we look at the option selected, we will notice that sodium ions are positively charged ions since sodium is a metal. Metals produce cations (positive ions) because they loose electrons. Therefore, a sodium ion can never be negatively charged.
Similarly, chlorine is a highly electronegative nonmetal. It gains electrons in an ionic bond. Hence chlorine ions can not be positive.
Name the following alkane molecule:
CH3
|
CH3CHCH2CHCH2CHCH3
CH
CH2CH2CH3
A. 2,4,6-trimethylheptane
B. 4-ethyl-2,6-dimethylheptane
C. 2,6-dimethyl-4-propylheptane
Answer:
2,6dimethyle-4-propylheptane
I guess!
The correct name of the compound is 4-ethyl-2,6-dimethylheptane.
What is IUPAC nomenclature?The IUPAC nomenclature shows the correct way to name a compound this rule is established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
Looking at the structure of the compound as shown, the correct name of the compound is 4-ethyl-2,6-dimethylheptane.
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How many dozen (dz) eggs are needed to make 12 muffins? What about 15.5
muffins? (hint cross out units first) *
Answer:
I think its 1.2 cause I divided 15.5 with 12 and got 1.2 as an answer
Please help, Which type of molecule is shown below?
Answer:
Carbohydrate
Explanation:
A.pex
Consider the following practical aspects of titration.
(a) how can you tell when nearing the end point in titration?
(b) What volume of NaOH is required to permanently change the indicator at the end point?
(c) If KHP sample #1 requires 19.90 mL of NaOH solution to reach an end point, what volume is required for samples #2 and #3?
(d) if vinegar sample #1 requires 29.05 mL of NaOH solution to reach an endpoint, what volume is required for samole #2 and #3?
Answer:
A) when the titration is nearing the end point in titration the color of the solution starts to change and the change in color does not disappear as fast as it was during the beginning of the titration
B) The volume of NaOH required to permanently change the indicator at the end point is a drop of NaOH
c) The volume required by samples #2 and #3 will be the same i.e 19.90 mL of NaOH, if the concentration of KHP base used for the samples are the same
D) The volume required by samples #2 and #3 will be the same i.e 29.05 mL OF NaOH, if the concentration of Vinegar and base for the samples are the same
Explanation:
A) when the titration is nearing the end point in titration the color of the solution starts to change and the change in color does not disappear as fast as it was during the beginning of the titration
B) The volume of NaOH required to permanently change the indicator at the end point is a drop of NaOH
c) The volume required by samples #2 and #3 will be the same i.e 19.90 mL of NaOH, if the concentration of KHP base used for the samples are the same
D) The volume required by samples #2 and #3 will be the same i.e 29.05 mL OF NaOH, if the concentration of Vinegar and base for the samples are the same
Which element always exists in monatomic form? silicon, a metalloid oxygen, a nonmetal calcium, a metal neon, a noble gas
Answer:
[tex]\huge\boxed{A \ noble \ gas}[/tex]
Explanation:
A noble gas always exists in a mono-atomic form. This is because the valency of noble gas is zero and thus they don't tend to lose, gain or share electrons. They are inert gases and do not react.
Answer:
a noble gas
Explanation:
the the noble gases exist as mono atomic elements that is helium, neon ,argon, Krypton,etc.
mono atomic elements exist as stable single atoms
I bet no one can solve this
If an electric current of 8.50 A flows for 3.75 hours through an electrolytic cell containing copper-sulfate (CuSO4) solution, then how much copper is deposited on the cathode (the negative electrode) of the cell? (Copper ions carry two units of positive elementary charge, and the atomic mass of copper is 63.5 g/mol.)
Give the formula of each coordination compound. Include square brackets around the coordination complex. Do not include the oxidation state on the metal. Use parentheses only around polyatomic ligands.
For ethylenediamine, use (en) in the formula.
a) sodium hexachloroplatinate(IV)
b) dibromobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) bromide
c) pentaamminechlorochromium(III) chloride
Answer:
sodium hexachloroplatinate(IV)- Na2[PtCl6]
dibromobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) bromide- [Co(en)2Br2]Br
pentaamminechlorochromium(III) chloride-[Cr(NH3)5Cl]Cl2
Explanation:
The formulas of the various coordination compounds can be written from their names taking cognisance of the metal oxidation state as shown above. The oxidation state of the metal will determine the number of counter ions present in the coordination compound.
The number ligands are shown by subscripts attached to the ligand symbols. Remember that bidentate ligands such as ethylenediamine bonds to the central metal ion via two donors.
Without doing any calculations, determine the sign of ΔSsys for each of the following chemical reactions. Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.
1. 2H30' (aq) + CO23- (aq) - CO2(g) +3H2O(1)
2. CH4(g) + 202,(g) - CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
3. Mg (s) + Cl2(g) - MgCǐ2(s)
4. SO3(g) + H2O(I) - H2SO4(I)
A. ΔSsys greater than
B. ΔSsys smaller than
Answer:
Answers are in the explanation.
Explanation:
In a chemical reaction we can determine the sign of ΔSsys based on the states of products and reactants knowing that:
Entropy of gases >>> entropy of liquid > entropy of solids.
The entropy of solids is lower than entropy of liquids that is lower than entropy of gases.
In the reactions:
1. 2H₃O⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq) → CO₂(g) +3H₂O(l)
As 1 gas is produced, entropy of products is higher than entropy of reactants. That means ΔSsys > 0 (That because ΔSsys is ΔSProducts - ΔSReactants)
2. CH₄(g) + 2O₂(g) → CO₂(g) + 2H₂O(l)
3 moles of gas are converted in 1 mole of gas in products. Entropy of reactants is higher than entropy of products, ΔSsys < 0.
3. Mg(s) + Cl₂(g) → MgCǐ₂(s)
You have 1 mole of gas in reactants and 1 mole of solid in products. ΔSProducts <<< ΔSReactants. ΔSsys < 0.
4. SO₃(g) + H₂O(I) → H₂SO₄(I)
1 mole of gas in reactants, a liquid in products. ΔSProducts <<< ΔSReactants. ΔSsys < 0.
Determining the sign of ΔSsys for each given chemical reaction, the following can be obtained without calculations:
1. ΔSsys > 0.
2. ΔSsys < 0
3. ΔSsys < 0
4. ΔSsys < 0
Recall:
The states of the reactants and the products in a chemical reaction determines the sign of ΔSsys of the reaction.The entropy of gasses is greater than the entropy of liquid and solids.The entropy of solids is less than the entropy of liquid and gasses.Gasses have the highest entropy, while solids have the least.Thus:
In the first chemical reaction, 1 mole of gas is produced, therefore: ΔSsys > 0.
In the second chemical reaction, 3 moles of gasses gives a products of 1 mole of gas, therefore: ΔSsys < 0.
In the third chemical reaction, 1 mole of gas gives 1 mole of solid as product, therefore: ΔSsys < 0.
In the fourth chemical reaction, 1 mole of gas gives 1 mole of liquid as product, therefore: ΔSsys < 0.
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A substance, W has a concentration of 0.02mol when its molar mass was found to be
74.0 gmol-1 . Another substance V contains 1.00x1023 atoms and has molar mass of
40.0gmol-1. Which of the two substances has the greater mass (in grams)? [L =
6.02x1023]
ii) A 250 cm3
solution contains 14.63g of sodium chloride (NaCl). Calculate the
concentration of the solution in moldm-3
[Na= 23, Cl = 35.5]
Answer:
Explanation:
mass of W in gram = mole x molecular weight
= .02 x 74 = 1.48 gm
mass of V in gram
first of all we shall calculate the no of moles of V
1 mole = 6.0 x 10²³ atoms
1 x 10²³ atoms = 1 / 6 moles
mass of V in grams
= 40 / 6
= 6.67 grams .
So V has greater mass .
ii )
molecular weight of sodium chloride
= 58.5 gm
14.63 gram of sodium chloride
= 14.63 / 58.5 = .25 moles
250 cm³ = 250 x 10⁻³ dm³
So 250 x 10⁻³ dm³ of solution contains .25 moles of salt
1 dm³ of solution will contain .25 / 250 x 10⁻³ mole
= 1 mole
so concentration of solution is 1 mole per dm³
The compound sodium hydroxide is a strong electrolyte. Write the transformation that occurs when solid sodium hydroxide dissolves in water. Use the pull-down boxes to specify states such as (aq) or (s).
Answer:
Solid sodium hydroxide dissolves in water to form an aqueous solution of ions.
NaOH(s) ⇌ Na+(aq) + OH–(aq) ΔH1 = ?
Solid sodium hydroxide reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid to form water and an aqueous solution of sodium chloride.
NaOH(s) + H+(aq) + Cl–(aq) ⇌ H2O(l) + Na+(aq) + Cl–(aq) ΔH2 = ?
Solutions of aqueous sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid react to form water and aqueous sodium chloride.
Na+(aq) + OH–(aq) + H+(aq) + Cl–(aq) ⇌ H2O(l) + Na+(aq) + Cl–(aq) ΔH3 = ?
Consider the reaction: NaNO3(s) + H2SO4(l) NaHSO4(s) + HNO3(g) ΔH° = 21.2 kJ
How much heat must absorbed by the reaction system to convert 100g of NaNO3 into NaHSO4(s)?
Please anyone help me out
Data obtained from the question
NaNO₃ + H₂SO₄ —> NaHSO₄(s) + HNO₃ ΔH° = 21.2 KJ
Heat absorbed by converting 100 g of NaNO₃ =? Step 2Determination of the mass of NaNO₃ that was converted from the balanced equation.
Molar mass of NaNO₃ = 23 + 14 + (16×3)
= 23 + 14 + 48
= 85 g/mol
Mass of NaNO₃ from the balanced equation = 1 × 85 = 85 g
Thus, 85 g of NaNO₃ were converted from the balanced equation.
Step 3Determination of the heat absorbed by converting 100 g of NaNO₃.
From the balanced equation above,
When 85 g of NaNO₃ were converted, 21.2 KJ were absorbed by the system.
Thus, the conversion of 100 g of NaNO₃ will cause the system to absorb = [tex]\frac{100 * 21.2}{85} =[/tex] 24.9 KJ of heat energy.
Therefore, the system will absorb 24.9 KJ of heat energy.
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A 10.00-mL aliquot of vinegar requires 16.95 mL of the 0.4874 M standardized NaOH solution to reach the end point of the titration. Demonstrate how to calculate the molarity of the vinegar solution (HC2H3O2). Show complete work below. Answer: 0.8261 M.
Answer:
0.8261 M.
Explanation:
We'll begin by writing the balanced equation for the reaction. This is given below:
HC2H3O2 + NaOH —> NaC2H3O2 + H2O
From the balanced equation above, we obtained the following:
Mole ratio of the acid, HC2H3O2 (nA) = 1
Mole ratio of the base, NaOH (nB) = 1
Data obtained from the question include the following:
Volume of acid, HC2H3O2 (Va) = 10 mL
Molarity of acid, HC2H3O2 (Ma) =..?
Volume of base, NaOH (Vb) = 16.95 mL Molarity of base, NaOH (Mb) = 0.4874 M
Finally, we shall determine the molarity of the acid solution, as follow:
MaVa/MbVb = nA/nB
Ma x 10 / 0.4874 x 16.95 = 1
Cross multiply
Ma x 10 = 0.4874 x 16.95
Divide both side by 10
Ma = (0.4874 x 16.95) /10
Ma = 0.8261 M.
Therefore, the molarity of the vinegar solution (HC2H3O2) is 0.8261 M.
MnO₄- chemical name for ALEKS
Mno4- chemical name is permanganate
A piece of plastic sinks in oil but floats in water. Place these three substances in order from lowest density to greatest density.
Answer:
[tex]\rho _{oil}<\rho _{plastic}<\rho _{water}[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, since water and oil are immiscible due to the oil's nonpolarity and water's polarity, when mixed, the oil remains on the water since it is less dense than water. In such a way, for a plastic sunk in the oil and floating on the water (in middle of them) we can conclude that the plastic have a mid density, therefore, the required organization is:
[tex]\rho _{oil}<\rho _{plastic}<\rho _{water}[/tex]
Best regards.
If an individual proton has mass 1.007825 amu, and an individual neutron has mass 1.008665 amu, what's the calculated mass of a neptunium-236 nucleus? options: A) 237.92482 amu B) 236.99873 amu C) 237.96682 amu D) 237.04817 amu
Answer:
C) 237.96682 amu
Explanation:
The symbol for neptunium-236 is given as;
²³⁶₉₃Np
This element has 93 protons and (236 - 93 = 143) neutrons.
Mass Number =Total mass of Protons + Total mass of neutrons
Total Mass pf protons = 93 * 1.007825 amu, = 93.727725 amu
Total mass of Neutrons = 143 * 1.008665 amu = 144.239095 amu
Mass = 144.239095 + 93.727725 = 237.96682 amu
Correct option is option C.
Explain the general properties of aqueous solution based on the following support your answer with examples for each case
1. Electrolytes versus non-electrolyte
2. Precipitation reaction
3. Solubility
An aqueous solution, based on its name, is a water based solution, such that the solvent is water. In such solution, ionic compounds when dissolved, tend to dissociate into the constituent ions, for example, sodium chloride, NaCl forms an aqueous solution of sodium, Na⁺ and chloride, Cl⁻
1) Therefore, aqueous solutions are good electrolyte when ionic, and are therefore, good electrolytes which conduct electricity compared to solids that form non-electrolyte
2) A precipitation reaction is the insoluble product formed by the combination of cations and anions to form ionic solids that are insoluble
3) Aqueous solutions are made with substance that are soluble in water
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Which method of separation would be most appropriate for separating a mixture of water and alcohol?
A. evaporation
B. chromatography
C. distillation
D. filtration
Answer:C. distillation
Explanation:
Compounds having different boiling points when mixed can be separated by Fractional distillation.
Now when there is a mixture of water and alcohol, Upon heat, we would see that the alcohol will boil at a lower temperature than water for eg, ethanol will boil at 78.5 degrees Celsius, vaporizes and distills into the fractionating columns leaving the water which we know boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
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How many grams is 5.8 moles of hydrochloric acid (HCI)?
Answer to the nearest 0.01 g.
Answer:
211.47 grams
Explanation:
We need to set up a dimensional analysis to solve this problem by converting from moles to grams.
First, find the molar mass of HCl. Since the molar mass of H (hydrogen) is 1.01 g/mol and the molar mass of Cl (chlorine) is 35.45 g/mol, then the molar mass of HCl is:
1.01 + 35.45 = 36.46 g/mol
We have 5.8 moles of HCl, so multiply by its molar mass:
(5.8 mol) * (36.46 g/mol) = 211.468 ≈ 211.47 g
The answer is thus 211.47 grams.
~ an aesthetics over
Answer:
[tex]\large\boxed{211.47}\\[/tex] grams
Explanation:
First, you need to gather the atomic masses of the elements involved in the compound - hydrogen and chlorine. Referencing a modern periodic table will give you this information.
Hydrogen has an atomic weight of 1.00784 and Chlorine has an atomic mass of 35.453.Add those two values together - 1.00784 + 35.453 = 36.46084Multiply this value by 5.8 (one mole is equivalent to the atomic mass of the compound) - 5.8 x 36.46084 = 211.472872Round to the nearest 0.01 gram - 211.47[tex]\large\boxed{211.47}[/tex] is the final answer.
Both chlorine and fluorine are represented by a green modeling piece that has 4 holes. Is using the same piece for two different atoms acceptable? Why or why not
Answer:
Yes, same piece can be used.
Explanation:
The same piece can be used for two different atoms are acceptable because both atoms has 7 electrons in their outermost valance shell. Both atoms belong to same group i. e. halogens so same piece can be used for both atoms. If the atoms belong to different groups and they have different number of electrons in their outermost shell so using same piece will be a problem so it is recommended to use different pieces for different atoms.
The use of the same modeling piece for chlorine and fluorine has been accepted as it has consisted of the same properties and belongs to the same group.
Chlorine and fluorine have been the elements of group 17. The elements are halogens with the presence of 7 valence electrons.
The elements have been belonging to the same group and have the same number of valence electrons thus resembling each other in the chemical properties.
Since both the elements are similar to each other, the use of the same piece for two different atoms has been acceptable.
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