One would expect well-drained soils to have the highest organic matter contents where the climate is cool and humid.
What is organic matter?Reducing or eliminating tillage, which triggers a microbial action burst that hastens the decomposition of organic matter and raises erosion. Reduce erosion by taking the necessary action. SOM is mainly found in topsoil.The topsoil is the soil's topmost layer. The majority of the biological soil activity on Earth takes place there because it has the highest concentration of organic materials and bacteria.The topsoil is where most of the biological activity in the soil takes place and has the highest concentration of organic matter and nutrients. Without residue or living cover, soil is vulnerable to erosion.Histosols are soils that are rich in organic materials and unbroken plant matter.
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What feature of a phylogenetic tree shows a group of organisms that evolved from a common ancestor?
Host
Branch
Tree
Clade
Answer: Clade
Explanation:
What is the Linnaean system of classification? Why do scientists classify animals?
Answer:
-Linnaean Classification System: Classification of the Human Species.
-Biological scientists have worked to classify earth's organisms in a manner that would help us understand how both the present and the extinct species relate to each other.
The cichlid is a colorful fish found in freshwater lakes. There are over a thousand species of cichlid fish today. If a species of cichlid became extinct, the niche the fish filled within the ecosystem would be left open. Explain how an available niche after extinction can lead to speciation.
An available niche after extinction can lead to speciation because it allows the emergence of genetic variation in other competing species.
What is speciation?Speciation is a slow process associated with the emergence of reproductive isolation barriers in a population.
These barriers lead to the absence of gene flow and eventually to the emergence of new species.
In conclusion, an available niche can lead to speciation in other competing species.
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NAD+ is a limiting factor in glycolysis. In the absence of ____________________ the conversion of (1) ____________________ to NAD+ via the ______________________________ is prevented from happening. In eukaryotes, the hydrogen atoms of the molecules mentioned in (1) are transferred to certain organic molecules in one of two methods: (2) ___________________________________ as can occur in yeast and ___________________________________ as can occur in human cells. In the process mentioned in (2), the hydrogen atoms are passed to ____________________, which is then converted to a molecule of ethanol. During this a molecule of ____________________ is oxidized to a molecule of ____________________, which allows glycolysis to continue on.
The correct options to fill in the gaps are:
ADP; NADH, and electron transport chainalcohol fermentation; lactic acid fermentation; acetaldehyde; NADH; and NAD+What is the role of NAD+ in glycolysis?NAD+ serves as an electron acceptor in glycolysis. It accepts two electrons to become reduced to NADH + H+.
NAD+ is a limiting factor in glycolysis. In the absence of ADP, the conversion of NADH to NAD+ via the electron transport chain is prevented from happening.
In eukaryotes, the hydrogen atoms of the molecules mentioned in are transferred to certain organic molecules in one of two methods: alcohol fermentation as can occur in yeast and lactic acid fermentation as can occur in human cells. In the process mentioned in, the hydrogen atoms are passed to acetaldehyde, which is then converted to a molecule of ethanol. During this a molecule of NADH is oxidized to a molecule of NAD+, which allows glycolysis to continue on.
In conclusion, NAD+ concentration is limiting to glycolysis.
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how can a mutation in a gene lead to a new trait in organism?
Answer: The mutation gene codes for a protein that causes a new trait.
Explanation:
3. Which of the following structures is the only hard part of the rotifer and the only part that is usually found as fossils?
A: stomach
B: foot
C: corona
C: trophi
The structures which is the only hard part of the rotifer and the only part that is usually found as fossils is trophi and is denoted as option D.
What is a Fossil?This is defined as the remains of plants and animals preserved in the earth crust.
The jaw of organisms known as rotifers are the only part found in fossils and is also referred to as the trophi which is used for mastication.
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Answer:
D. trophi
Explanation:
The only hard portion of the rotifer's body is the trophi. This area is the only part that is usually found in the fossil records.
Place the steps of endochondral ossification in order, starting with the creation of a cartilage model and ending with the presence of epiphyseal plates between the diaphysis and epiphysis.
Answer bank:
1. The diaphysis center is vascularized, and osteoblasts deposit osteoid over calcified cartilage matrix.
2. Spongy bone and the medullary cavity form in the diaphysis.
3. Spongy bone forms in the epiphysis.
4. The epiphyseal center is vascularized, and osteoblasts deposit osteoid over calcified cartilage matrix.
5. A periosteal collar develops.
The correct steps of endochondral ossification is:
A periosteal bone collar develops.spongy bone and the medullary cavity form in the diaphysis.The diaphysis center is vascularized and osteoblasts deposit osteoid over calcified cartilage matrix.The epiphyseal center is vascularized and osteoblasts deposit osteoid over the calcified cartilage matrix.The spongy bone forms in epiphysis.Which bones grow by endochondral ossification?Long and short bones, such as the phalanges and femur, arise from a cartilage model formed by endochondral ossification. Distinguishing between these two types of osteogenesis does not imply the existence of multiple types of bone tissue.
Endochondral ossification mainly forms in two stages: modifications of the hyaline cartilage that ends with the death of chondrocytes and invasion of osteogenic cells and their differentiation into osteoblasts in the cavities previously occupied by chondrocytes for deposition.
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You are reviewing a skeleton with severe trauma to the left clavicle, left scapula, and left humerus. The skull is severely fragmented as well. You notice the clavicle is separated cleanly in half mid-diaphysis. Nearby, the anterior portion the scapula has a dramatic cleft that is straight margined on its left (lateral) margin and shows jagged fracture and wastage of bone on its right (medial) margin. It progresses a full inch and a half or more downward posteriorly. The Humerus has a deep lateral transverse incision with slight chipping, deeper in the posterior aspect than the anterior. The skull is highly fragmented and bears fractures radiating from straight margin sites of trauma. The causative wounds are medium in width (3.5 mm) but very long (one runs from the most superior aspect of the right parietal, through the entirety of the left parietal at a diagonal and exits the anterior/inferior left parietal with fragmentation/wastage there and a nearby notch on the superior left zygomatic. There are three blows to this side of the skull (left), the one described is clearly the largest. Its radiating fractures end in those of the others or in bone sutures of the vault creating large triangular or irregular fragments. These blows show some wastage, biased toward the anterior aspect of each, with no evidence of crushed margins, but instead coarse striations. Which two types of trauma are indicated? What does the nature of the wounds indicate might be a likely implement? What does the order of trauma indicate about the positioning of the perpetrator and victim in this context?
The type of trauma that are indicated are both complex and chronic traumas.
What is trauma?Trauma can be defined as the serious event that can negatively affect the emotional, physical and mental being of an individual.
From the excerpt given, the two types of trauma represented are:
Chronic trauma: This is the type of trauma that is severe or very serious. Example is the fragmented skull and separation of the clavicle neatly in half mid-diaphysis.Complex trauma: This occurs when there is exposure to numerous events that causes trauma.The nature of the wound indicates that the cause would be of direct force from blows.
The positioning of the perpetrator and the victim according to the order of the trauma is that both of them where involved in a fight.
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Explain why plant forms of plankton are not as widespread throughout the depths of the oceans as the animal forms are
Explanation:
Phytoplankton is the base of several aquatic food webs . In a balanced ecosystem, they provide food for a wide range of sea creatures
Down in the ocean depths lot's of nutrients are available for the phytoplankton but without sunlight they can't grow phytoplankton use nutrients and must be transported to the surface
occurs when the individual inherits only one (female) X chromosome
According to the research, Turner syndrome is a condition that occurs when the individual inherits only one (female) X chromosome.
What is Turner syndrome?It is a genetic condition that is due to the lack of an X chromosome or part of it and can include characteristics such as delayed or incomplete development of puberty.
It can be diagnosed at birth or during childhood, puberty, or adulthood.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, Turner syndrome is a condition that occurs when the individual inherits only one (female) X chromosome.
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NAD+ is a limiting factor in glycolysis. In the absence of ____________________ the conversion of (1) ____________________ to NAD+ via the ______________________________ is prevented from happening.
In the absence of ADP, the conversion of NADH to NAD+ via the electron transport chain is prevented from happening.
What is glycolysis?Glycolysis is the series of reactions by which glucose is broken down to pyruvate by the body.
NAD+ is a limiting factor in glycolysis. In the absence of ADP, the conversion of NADH to NAD+ via the electron transport chain is prevented from happening.
In conclusion, NAD+ is a limiting factor in glycolysis.
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Two fully heterozygous fruit flies are crossed. Complete the Punnett square and provide the probabilities for the genotype and phenotype for the offspring.
B= brown body
b= black body
E= red eyes
e= brown eyes
Please provide the probability in percentages
Fill in the blanks using the show your work tools
Answer:
Blanks in the boxes (left to right, top to bottom, as you would read)
BbEE
BbEE
BbEe
bbee
Genotypes (top to bottom blanks):
12.5%
6.25%
6.25%
Phenotype (top to bottom blanks):
56.25%
18.75%
18.75%
[OSS.01] The picture below shows the most widely accepted model of the solar system.
Earth
Sun
2010 FLVS
Which of these statements best describes a function of this model?
K
The function of this model is option A: that is it helps us to understand the details of scientific concept.
What are the 7 solar systems?There are known to be 7 planets and they all are known to revolve round the Sun, they are:
Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter SaturnUranusNeptune.Note that Scientific models are tools that are often used to explain and tell the behavior of real objects or systems and also they functions or they are used in a a lot of scientific disciplines, such as physics and chemistry, etc.
Therefore, The function of this model is option A: that is it helps us to understand the details of scientific concept.
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Front legs of a cat and the arms of a human share a bone structure
Answer: It will be a homologous
Explanation:
Which curve indicates the most toxic substance?
dose-response curve. A steep dose-response curve is indicative of a chemical that is rapidly and extensively absorbed and slowly detoxified: therefore, the chemical is more toxic.
What do we call Earth's orbit around the Sun?
intergalactic movement
Earth's revolution
Earth's rotation
galactic movement
Answer:
Earth's revolution
How do we know that the earth orbits the sun?If you study the stars and know where all the planets on the solar system are, you will notice that those stars alternate their motion in the sky, which means they do not orbit the Earth. In fact, the word "planet" originally means tricky star, suggesting that those "stars" did not behave like other normal stars.
The theory of universal gravity cannot be denied, since we are able to send satellites to outer space and have them orbit our plant. In fact, we are able to derive equations to figure out how fast the satellite need to orbit around the earth in relation to how high above the surface of the earth it is. The same mathematics that derived said information had also been used to derive the geosynchronous height from the Earth, which is the height at which a satellite orbiting the Earth, with the necessary speed to stay in circular orbit (not elliptical orbit), matches the Earth's rotation about its axis. Geosynchronous satellites are used for T.V. broadcasting and many other applications.
The formula for universal gravitation is GMm/r2, which means that the force of gravity on an object by another object are proportional to the masses of both objects, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them, and this proportion is multiplied by a constant G. It makes greater sense that the Earth revolves around the Sun, and not the other way around, because the mass of the Earth is way too small to apply a force strong enough to create a large enough acceleration on the sun to keep it in orbit around the Earth. If the Earth had enough mass to cause that huge of a gravitational force, then the moon will not remain in orbit around the Earth, but will fall closer the Earth and hit the Earth.
What is the revolution of a planet?The process through which a planet, let's say the earth, revolves around a huge mass that is significantly larger than the planet, such as the sun or any star. And the gravity between the two bodies is what causes this process to occur.
Use the sample data below to answer the following question(s). Biologists studying the re-vegetation of two species of succulent plants in the South African desert examined the number of plants that survived depending on whether they were planted in multi-species clumps or planted alone. The following data resulted:
Planted in Planted
Multi-Species Clumps Alone
Number of Species 1 Survived 64 87
Number of Species 2 Survived 34 47
If two different surviving plants are randomly selected, find the probability that they both were species 1.
If two different surviving plants are randomly selected, find the probability that they both were planted alone.
The probability that they both were planted alone is 0.3325.
What is genetic probability?Probability serves to mathematically estimate the possibility of events that happen by chance, that is, as a matter of luck.
In this case:
Number of plants planted alone = 134P(both plants were planted alone) = 134/232 x 133/231 = 0.3325So the probability that both were planted alone is 0.3325.
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What process has increased pollutants and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? geothermal heat
production hydroelectric
power production
using biomass fuels
burning fossil fuels
Burning fossil fuels has increased pollutants and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
What consequences do fossil fuel burning have on the environment?
Carbon dioxide, water, and energy are produced when fossil fuels are burned; this process is referred to as "combustion".
Burning fossil fuels like coal and oil has increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere during the past century (CO2). This rise is brought on by the burning of coal or oil, which produces CO2 when airborne carbon and oxygen mix. When fossil fuels are burned, nitrogen oxides are released into the atmosphere and help to create smog and acid rain. Nitrogen oxides are the collective name for the most prevalent nitrogen-related substances released into the atmosphere as a result of human activity.
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WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST
Complete the sentence. Warming temperatures are increasing the occurrence of wildfires. After a fire, ______________ occurs as the habitat slowly redevelops with vegetation.
limiting phenomenon
peak phenomenon
primary succession
secondary succession
Warming temperatures are increasing the occurrence of wildfires. After a fire, primary succession occurs as the habitat slowly redevelops with vegetation
When a new piece of land is produced or is first exposed, primary succession occurs. This may occur, for instance, when lava solidifies and forms new rocks or when a glacier recedes and reveals bare rocks. In the primary succession, organisms have to start over.
The process through which plants and animals first populate a sterile area is known as primary succession. On a recently formed volcanic island, for instance, seeds carried by the wind may lodge in crevices when the rock cools.
The form of ecological succession known as primary succession occurs when organisms inhabit a region that is essentially lifeless.
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Answer:
c
Explanation:
What country often experiences the first and worst effects of El Nino, including flooding and destruction of villages?
A. India
B. Japan
C. United States
D. Peru
Peru is the country that often experiences the first and worst effects of El Nino, including severe flooding.
El Nino is a climatic pattern which describes the unusual warming of surface waters and it is part of a larger phenomenon called 'El Nino - southern oscillation (ENSO)'.
ENSO includes the El Nino and La Nino, the warm phase and cool phase respectively. El Nino occurs irregularly at two - seventy years intervals.
El Nino events are indicated by the increase in sea surface temperature by 0.9 Fahrenheit for at least five successive three months intervals.
El Nino has devastating impacts on the Peruvian and Ecuadorian economies. They cause an increase in precipitation which results in a drastically increased rainfall contributing to coastal flooding and erosion. It also destroys buildings, crops and limits transportation.
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Question 10
Sensitive to the amount of light in our environment and releases melatonin.
O Pineal body
O Cerebellum
O Hypothalmus
O Corpus callosum
O Hippocampus
Answer: A. The Pineal body
Explanation: The pineal gland is responsible for releasing melatonin in response to a dark environment.
B. The cerebellum is largely responsible for motor functions such as walking and balance.
C. The hypothalamus is largely responsible for maintaining homeostasis within the body through the control of the autonomic nervous system and various hormones.
D. The corpus callosum is the "bridge" that helps the two hemispheres of the brain communicate with one another.
E. The hippocampus is largely responsible for learning and memory.
4. How can one patient have a radiologic procedure to diagnose a condition, while another has radiation treatment to destroy a tumor?
The difference is due to the dose and the purpose of the radiation.
What is radiology?Radiology is the application of radiation in medicine to diagnose or to treat diseases.
Diagnosis of diseases is aimed at identifying the cause of a disease.
Treatment of diseases is aimed at curative purposes.
Therefore, one patient will have a radiologic procedure to diagnose a condition because the cause of the disease is yet to be ascertained, while another has radiation treatment to destroy a tumor because radiation can destroy tumors at a particular dose.
In conclusion, radiation can be use to diagnose or treat diseases based on the dose.
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Complete the punnet square.
If we were to cross a heterozygous mouse with a homozygous recessive mouse, what would the probability of offspring genotypes be ?
Fill in the PERCENTAGE of the probability for EACH GENOTYPE on your show your work worksheet .
The probability of the offspring will be 50%, 50%, and 0% respectively.
Probability in geneticsIt seems the allele for the trait in question is F(f) from the image.
One parent is heterozygous while the other is homzygous.
Ff x FF
FF FF Ff Ff
Probability of FF = 2/4 or 50%
Probability of Ff = 2/4 or 50%
Probability of ff = 0
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The percentage of each genotype is;
Ff = 50%ff = 50%What is a cross?A cross is a system by which the genotype of an organism can be ascertained.
We are told that this cross is between a het--erozygous mouse with a hom--ozygous recessive mouse. Thus we have Ff and ff.
We now have the percentage of each genotype as;
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What is communal defense?
A. The group takes care of the old and young.
B. The group can defend each other and gang up on a predator when it comes to attack.
C. The group can leave behind those that harm the group.
D. The group shares food with each other.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The group can defend each other and gang up on a predator when it comes to attack
Answer: B. The group can defend each other and gang up on a predator when it comes to attack.
Pick one of the following genetic variations that have occurred in human evolution. Then pick one of the three causes of genetic variation (meiosis, replication errors, environmental impacts) and make a claim as to why you think that particular cause of genetic variation was the cause of the change. Use supporting research and/or data to support your claim.
- Smaller bodies
- Smaller brains
- Smaller teeth and jaws
Smaller teeth and jaws are due to genetic variation, which occurred by mutations (errors in DNA replication) and were selected to fill a suitable niche.
What is evolution?Evolution is the mechanism of change of one species to adapt given environment, whereas mutations are the raw material for evolution.
In this regard, scientific evidence supports the fact that jaws evolved to become shorter in humans and thus adapt to a pastoral lifestyle.
In conclusion, smaller teeth and jaws emerged by mutations and were selected to fill a suitable niche.
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Why do you think it is beneficial for a pathogen to make its host very sick without killing the host?
It is beneficial for a pathogen to make its host very sick without killing the host simply because it can always continue to take over the hosts body.
What are pathogens?Pathogens are microscropic organisms which causes diseases to plants and animals
Some few group of pathogenic organisms which are highly infectious are:
BacteriaVirusFungiSo therefore, it is beneficial for a pathogen to make its host very sick without killing the host simply because it can always continue to take over the hosts body.
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Which components are part of the bone matrix? Select all that apply.
•Osteoid
•Adipose tissue
•Calcium salts
•Osteoclasts
•Osteogenic cells
The components that are part of the bone matrix are as follows:
OsteoidCalcium saltsWhat is the bone matrix?The bone matrix is that part of the bone tissue that forms most of the mass of the bone.
The bone matrix is comprised of organic and inorganic substances. The organic component of the bone matrix includes the following:
collagenground substanceHowever, the inorganic component is mainly;
inorganic bone salts
hydroxyapatite
Therefore, the components that are part of the bone matrix are as follows:
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Receptors are needed for which type(s) of cell signaling?
A. Long range signaling
B. Direct contact
C. Short range messaging
D. Short and Long range
Receptors are needed for both Short and Long range cell signaling.
What are receptors?In the cell, there are some special proteins who play the role of receiving external signals. These are what we call receptors.
These receptors could function for both long and short range cell signaling. Hence, Receptors are needed for both Short and Long range cell signaling.
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Match functions to the appropriate groups of proteins.
enzymes proteins of extracellular structures
proteins of myofilaments in the cells of muscle tissue
proteins playing a role in the organism's defense system
proteins transporting oxygen in the blood hormones
proteins of the karyokinetic spindle
Function
transformations
of matter and
energy
control of
metabolic
processes
formation of
structural
components
transport
movement
cell division
defense
Group of Proteins
Examples
trypsin, lipase,
carbonic
anhydrase,
cytochrome c
insulin, glucagon,
growth hormone
collagen
hemoglobin
actin, myosin
tubulin
immunoglobulins
The groups of proteins and their appropriate functions include the following:
Enzymes proteins of extracellular structures - collagen.Proteins of myofilaments in the cells of muscle tissue - myosin, actinProteins playing a role in the organism's defense system - immunoglobulinsProteins transporting oxygen in the blood hormones - hemoglobinProteins of the karyokinetic spindle - tubulinWhat is Protein?This is referred to as a biological molecule which is involved in the growth and repair of tissues in the body system. They contain two or more amino acids which are derived when they are broken down with the aid of enzymes.
There are different types of proteins with their specific functions such as hemoglobin being an oxygen carrier in the blood etc. The groups of proteins and their appropriate functions can be seen above.
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What is true about the thickness of the ozone layer?
It has gradually decreased in the last couple of years.
It has remained the same in the last couple of years.
It has entirely disappeared in the last couple of years.
It has gradually increased in the last couple of years.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The top answer is correct, over time it has become weaker.
Answer: The answer is A (It has gradually decreased in the last couple of years)
Over the Earth's surface, the ozone layer's average thickness is about 300 Dobson Units, or a layer that is 3 millimeters thick.The thickness of the ozone layer changes due to increasing concentrations of ozone-depleting substances in the atmosphere.Air motions also increase the ver- tical thickness of the ozone layer near the poles, which increases the value of total ozone in those regions. Tropospheric weather systems can temporarily reduce the thickness of the stratospheric ozone layer in a region, low- ering total ozone at the same time.It is thinning due to the release of man-made compounds called chlorofluorocarbons (CFC). The net effect that CFCs have on the ozone layer is to recombine an oxygen atom with an ozone molecule to form two oxygen molecules. From 1978 to 1991, global stratospheric ozone levels have decreased by 3%.