Potassium chloride can be defined as a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine. It is odorless and has a white or colorless.
To prepare Potassium Chloride from Potassium Chloride Solution.
1. KCl can be analyzed by reacting bases of potassium (such as potassium hydroxide) with hydrochloric acid. This ensures acid-base neutralization reaction will yield water and potassium chloride as the products.
KCL + HCL = KCL + H2O
2. Boiling the solution can help in removing the water until a super-saturated solution is obtained and then cooling the super saturated solution at room temperature and introducing a seed crystal of Potassium chloride, crystals of Potassium chloride are obtained.
This is how , pure crystals of potassium chloride from potassium chloride solution
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what two characteristics of liquid liquid oxygen contradict predictions from the valence bond theory that are explained by the molecular orbital theory
Two characteristics of liquid oxygen contradict predictions from the valence bond theory that are explained by the molecular orbital theory are:
1) Pale blue color
2) Para-magnetism
The valence bond theory is not able to explain the para magnetic behavior of the oxygen that give pale blue color. This is explained by molecular orbital theory.
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Use this equation for the next question.
Mg(OH)2 + NaCl ® MgCl₂ + NaOH
How many hydrogen atoms are on the reactant side?
000
1
02
4
8
There are two atoms of hydrogen on the reactant side of the equation.
What is a reaction?What we try to show on paper are the changes that substances can undergo. A reaction is said to occur when two or more substances are combined together. The combination of the substances would now lead to the rearrangement of bonds and then the formation of a new product.
We know that it is one of the rules of writing a balanced chemical reaction equation that the number of the atoms of each element on the reactant side must be the same as the number of atoms of the same element on the products side.
When we look at the reaction as shown, we can see that the reaction is balanced hence we can be able to find the number of atoms of hydrogen on the reactants side by doing an atom count.
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what is minimal concentration of chloride ion (in m) to form pbcl2 precipitate when solid nacl is added to 0.0049 m lead(ii) nitrate solution? ksp(pbcl2)
The minimal concentration of chloride ion is 1.67 × 10 ⁻³ M
Concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by way of the overall volume of an aggregate. several sorts of mathematical descriptions may be outstanding: mass concentration, molar concentration, variety concentration, and extent awareness.
The concentration of a substance is the quantity of solute found in a given amount of solution. Concentrations are normally expressed in terms of molarity, defined because of the variety of moles of solute in 1 L of answer.
The Concentration of an answer is a measure of the quantity of solute that has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or answer. A concentrated answer is one that has a rather huge quantity of dissolved solute.
calculation:-
2NaCl + Pb ⁺² ------------> PbCl₂
Ksp = [Pb⁺][Cl⁻]²
[Cl⁻] = [tex]\sqrt{ \frac{Ksp}{[Pb+]}[/tex]
= [tex]\sqrt{ \frac{1.4×10^{-8} }{0.0049}[/tex]
= 1.67 × 10 ⁻³ M
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2. Suppose you burn magnesium in a limiting amount of oxygen in a closed system,
expecting to get 1.61 g of MgO. You measure only 0.988 g MgO after the reaction.
Show how you would calculate the percent yield for this reaction. (2 pts)
The percentage yield of the given reaction was supposed to be
the formula for the calculation of the percentage yield was =actual yield/theoretical yield X 100
What is percentage yield ?
The percent yield equation is as follows:
(actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100% Equals percent yield
Where: actual yield is the quantity of product received from a chemical reaction theoretical yield is the amount of output obtained from the stoichiometric or balanced equation, utilizing the limiting reactant to calculate product (moles or grams).
The quantity of products generated from a chemical reaction is referred to as the real yield. The theoretical yield is the quantity of product calculated from the stoichiometric or balanced equation utilising the limiting reactant to determine product.
=(0.988/1.61) X 100
=61.36%
the percentage yield of the reaction was found to be 61.36%
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chemicals that accumulate in soil and water as a result of car emissions, improperly disposed waste, industry, and agriculture are known as
The chemicals that accumulate in soil and water as a result of car emissions, improperly disposed waste, industry, and agriculture are known as persistent organic pollutant.
What is persistent organic pollutant ?Organic molecules that are resistant to environmental deterioration through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes are persistent organic pollutants, sometimes referred to as "forever chemicals."
They are dangerous compounds that have a negative impact on the environment and human health all over the world.
POPs are compounds that are persistent in the environment, bioaccumulate in the food chain, and have the potential to have negative impacts on both human health and the ecosystem.
Thus, persistent organic pollutants are hazardous compounds that have a negative impact on the environment and human health all over the world.
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Match each label below with the appropriate term. Note: there may be more than one correct answer.
A Lewis diagram: two atoms of upper C l connected by a single bond. Both atoms have two electrons above, below, and to the outside of the pair. Arrow a points to the bond; arrow b to the electron dots below the left atom. A second diagram shows upper O single bonded to upper H to the left and below, with two electron dots above and to the right. Arrows c point to each of the bonds.
a
nonbonding electrons
sigma bond
represents two electrons
b
nonbonding electrons
sigma bond
represents core electrons
c
nonbonding electrons
bonding electrons
sigma bond
The Matchup of each label with the appropriate term is given below:
A: Sigma bond & Represents two electrons
B: Nonbonding electrons
C: Bonding electrons & Sigma bond
What is Sigma bond?Sigma bonds, often known as bonds, are the strongest kind of covalent chemical bonding in chemistry. They are created by atomic orbitals directly overlapping one another. Using symmetry group terminology and techniques, sigma bonding for diatomic molecules is most easily defined.
Note that an electron that is not a part of chemical bonding is known as a non-bonding electron. The electron may be restricted to one atom in a lone pair. has the electron distributed throughout the molecule in a non-bonding orbital.
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Answer:B,C
Explanation:
increased co2 in the atmosphere since the industrial revolution has resulted in lower surface ocean ph of about ph units.
Since the start of the industrial revolution more than 200 years ago, human activity has led to an increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2). The pH of the ocean's surface waters has decreased by 0.1 pH units throughout this time.
As a result of the rise in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, the pH of the ocean surface has decreased over the industrial age, falling from 8.2 to below 8.1. This drop is accompanied by a 30% increase in oceanic acidity.It first creates carbonic acid. The carbonic acid then "dissociates," or separates, into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions. Ocean acidification is caused by an increase in hydrogen ion concentration and a decrease in carbonate ions as a result of increasing CO2 absorption.What is the meaning of Industrial Revolution ?A significant and swift transition in an economy (as in late-18th-century England) signaled by the widespread adoption of power-driven machinery or by a significant shift in the prevalent forms and applications of such machinery.
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calculate the concentration of h3o ions present in a solution of hcl that has a measured ph of 3.110 .
The concentration of H₃O⁺ present in a solution of HCL is 7.76247 × 10⁻⁴.
Since we know,
pH<7, therefore there are only H₃O+ particles in the solution.
[H₃O⁺ ] = [tex]10^{-pH}[/tex] = [tex]10^{3.110}[/tex] = 7.76247× 10⁻⁴
Pure water will have fewer hydroxide and hydronium ions. They can combine to form water. There will be a dynamic equilibrium between the concentration of molecules of water and ions. The definition of pH states that negative logarithms of hydronium ion concentration. The self-ionization will take place and increase the H⁺ concentration and side by side reduce the OH⁻ concentration.
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How many total atoms are in 3Ba(NO3)2?
Write the formulas of the following binary molecular compounds:
9) nitrogen monoxide
10) diphosphorous pentaoxide
11) chlorine dioxide
12) dinitrogen tetroxide
when the ionic solute k3po4 is dissolved in water, what can you say about the number of potassium ions present in the solution compared with the number of phosphate ions in the solution?
We can say that When K3PO4 is dissolved in water , the number of potassium ions present in the solution is three times the number of phosphate ions in the solution .
What are Ionic compounds ?
Ionic compounds can be defined as ionic bonds or chemical bonds formed by oppositely charged ions held together by electrostatic forces.
These are usually formed between metals and non-metals. Atoms always tend to acquire stable electronic configurations when atoms lose electrons to form cations, and anions are formed when atoms gain electrons. These two oppositely charged atoms together form an ionic bond, which is called an ionic bond.
Ionic compounds, also called ionic compounds, are held together by electrostatic forces. Ionic compounds are also formed when the electronegativity difference between two atoms is large. This causes one atom to attract more electrons than the other, resulting in electron loss and electron gain within the atom.
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For many purposes we can treat propane C3H8 as an ideal gas at temperatures above its boiling point of −42.°C Suppose the temperature of a sample of propane gas is raised from -28.0°C to 9.0°C, and at the same time the pressure is increased by 5.0%
The percent change in volume is 21 %.
given that :
temperature , T1 = 273 -28 = 245 K
temperature , T2 = 273 + 9 = 282 K
pressure P1 = P
pressure P2 = P - O.O5 P = 0.95 P
Volume V1 = V
volume V2 = ?
using ideal gas equation , we get :
P1 V1 / T1 = P2 V2 / T2
V2 = (P1 V1 T2 ) / P2 T1
V2 = ( P × V × 282 ) / ( 0.95 P × 245 P )
V2 = 1.211 V
change in volume is given as = V2 - V1
= 1.211 V - V
= 0.211 V
Percent change in volume is = (0.21 V)) / V ) × 100 %
= 21 %
Thus, For many purposes we can treat propane C3H8 as an ideal gas at temperatures above its boiling point of −42.°C Suppose the temperature of a sample of propane gas is raised from -28.0°C to 9.0°C, and at the same time the pressure is increased by 5.0% . the percent change in volume in 21 %.
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Ahmed’s teacher has set up a Geiger-Mueller tube to detect nuclear radiation. She has not yet started to get out the school’s nuclear radiation sources. Ahmed notices there is a low count rate on the detector. State the name for this normal, low-level measurement.
The normal, low-level measurement on the detector when dealing with a Geiger-Mueller tube to detect nuclear radiation is known as background radiation.
What is Radiation?This is referred to as the emission or transmission of energy through space or a material medium. This is usually in the form of waves or particles and it is used for various purposes such as in treatment of diseases.
Radiation can also cause a change in DNA thereby resulting in mutation when exposed to large amounts. Geiger-Mueller tube is used to detect nuclear radiation by scientists for various operations.
In a scenario where there is a low count rate on the detector, it means small amounts were released which is known as the background radiation and it is responsible for the normal, low-level measurement.
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he solubility of aspirin in ethanol is approximately 40g/100ml at room temperature. if you had a 100% yield how many milliliters of ethanol would you need to dissolve your product for the recrystallization step?
For the recrystallisation step, we need 71.4ml of ethanol for the solubility of aspirin which has 100% yield.
What is solubility?
Solubility is the ability of a solute to dissolve in solvent to make a solution at a given temperature. This is because of the intermolecular forces balance between solute and solvent and change in entropy.
In 100 ml of the solution, the solubility of aspirin is 40 g. The mass of aspirin is not indicated in the problem, so it can be assumed that the mass of aspirin needed is 40 g. With this, the volume of the solution can be calculated.
Volume of the solution = 40g x 100ml/40g = 100ml
Density of aspirin = 1.4g/ml
Volume of aspirin = 40g x 1ml/1.4g = 28.57ml
Volume of ethanol = 100ml - 28.57ml = 71.4 ml
Therefore, the solubility of 40g of aspirin when yield is 100% requires 71.4ml of ethanol.
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mse 2001 compared to a semi-crystalline polymer of the same composition, a completely amorphous polymer is expected to:
The semi-crystalline polymer of the same composition, a completely amorphous polymer is expected to the crystallites scatter light.
Crystallization of polymers is a manner associated with the partial alignment of their molecular chains. these chains fold together and shape ordered areas called lamellae, which compose larger spheroidal systems named spherulites.
Semi-crystalline plastics can be taken into consideration for a selection of applications. choosing a plastic material for use in excessive temperature surroundings calls for a cautious assessment of fabric residence information. View our interactive Thermoplastics Triangle to evaluate substances.
Polyethylene is a partially crystalline solid whose residences are exceedingly dependent on the relative content of the crystalline section and amorphous section, i.e., crystallinity. Polyethylene is a polymer polymerized from monomeric ethylene.
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sodium atoms contain 11 protons and 11 electrons with a mass of approximately 23. the atomic number of sodium is therefore:
how many grams of h2so4 must be dissolved in 1.08 l of solution to generate a solution with a concentration of 2.69 m
The mass of H₂SO₄ that must dissolved in 1.08 liters of solution to make 2.69M solution is 271.52 grams.
The molarity of the substance is defined as the number of moles of solute per unit volume of solution in liters.
In this case,
The volume of the solution is 1.08 L.
The required molarity of the substance is 2.69M.
So,
we can write,
Molarity = Moles/Volume
Moles = Molariyt x volume
Moles =2.69 x 1.03
Moles = 2.77
Moles = Mass required/molar mass.
Molar mass of H₂SO₄ is 98 g/mol.
Putting values,
2.77=Mass required/98
Mass required = 271.52 grams.
So, 271.52 grams of H₂SO₄ is required to make 2.69M solution.
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the following metal specimen was tensile tested until failure. which type of metal would experience this type of failure?
brittle metal would experience this type of failure
Glass, ceramic, graphite, and some alloys with very low plasticity are examples of brittle materials. In these materials, cracks can start without plastic deformation and quickly progress to brittle breakage. It is a steel-gray, lightweight metal called beryllium. It is also highly brittle, which means that it fractures easily when under stress but does not typically distort before it does so (similar to glass or ceramic). Beryllium is a naturally occurring element found in over 100 different minerals and has a wide range of modern-day applications. Cast iron has a rough feel and is more brittle because it includes 2% to 3.5% carbon. Despite being made of alloyed metals, carbon steel lacks other alloying components, hence despite being an alloy, it is not classified as an alloy.
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what type of mining involves boring a hole underground to the target substance, dissolving it into a liquid, then sucking it out. sodium chloride (salt) can be mined this way.
In block caving mining, the desired material is located underground, dissolved into a liquid, and then extracted. This is one method of mining sodium chloride, or salt.
Drilling holes beneath the ore body and utilizing designed blasts to disintegrate the ore and rocks are all part of block caving mining. Then, with the aid of gravity, the mixture of rocks and ore is carried for processing. Once the production from open-pit mining becomes unprofitable, block caving mining frequently occurs. Is called block caving mining
Salt Chloride (sodium chloride), The ratio of the sodium and chloride ions in sodium chloride is exactly one to one. It is frequently referred to as table salt, common salt, or halite (the mineral form of common salt).
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why is it not possible to test for ammonia as evidence of nitrate reduction to ammonia in the nitrate broth culture
Ammonia as proof that nitrate was converted to ammonia in the cultivation of nitrate broth Because amino acids are produced during protein synthesis, amino acid metabolism will always exist.
Nitrifying microorganisms in the soil change ammonia into nitrates. Nitrates are taken up by plants from the soil and used to assemble proteins. Animals may consume the plant, and its biomass may be used to produce animal protein.
The process of nitrate (NO3) being used as an electron acceptor for respiration microbes results in dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), also known as nitrate/nitrite ammonification.
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molecular formula: c57h110o6. what is the minimum amount of oxygen required, in g, for complete combustion?
The minimum amount of oxygen required, in g, for complete combustion of C₅₇H₁₁₀O₆ will be 1304 g
Molecular formula = C₅₇H₁₁₀O₆
The amount is not given so we take it as 1 mol
The minimum amount of oxygen required for combustion = ?
First, we will write the chemical equation
C₅₇H₁₁₀O₆ + O₂ = CO₂ + H₂O
Balance the chemical equation
2C₅₇H₁₁₀O₆ + 163O₂ = 114CO₂ + 110H₂O
The molar ratio of C₅₇H₁₁₀O₆ to oxygen is 2 : 163
As we have 1 mol C₅₇H₁₁₀O₆; 163 / 2 = 81.5 mol
number of moles of O₂ required = 81.5 mol
Covert the number of moles to grams
grams = number of moles × molar mass
grams of O₂ required = 81.5 mol × 16 g/mol
grams of O₂ required = 1304 g
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Which statement correctly explains how matter is conserved in chemical reactions? (1 point)
A. The number of atoms in the reactants is always equal to the number of atoms in the products.
B. The states of matter of the reactants are always the same as the states of matter of the products.
C. The number of reactants is always equal to the number of products.
D. The number of molecules in the reactants is always equal to the number of molecules in the products.
1. What is the atom name(s) of Hydrogen Gas, Salt (Sodium Chloride), Methane, Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen Gas, Air, Water, Hydrochloride Acid, Sodium Hydroxide (lye), Carbonated Water?
Atom in
a- hydrogen gas - H atom
b - Salt = Sodium atom and chlorine atom
c - Methane - carbon , hydrogen atom
d - carbon dioxide = carbon , oxygen atoms
e - oxygen gas = oxygen atom
f - water = hydrogen and oxygen tom
g - hydrochloric acid = hydrogen and chlorine atoms
h - sodium hydroxide = sodium , oxygen and hydrogen atom
I - carbonated water - carbon , oxygen , hydrogen atoms
What is an atom ?
An atom is a particle of matter that uniquely defines a chemical element. Atoms consist of a central nucleus surrounded by one or more negatively charged electrons. Atoms, the smallest units that can decompose matter without emitting charged particles. It is also the smallest unit of matter with the characteristic properties of chemical elements. As such, atoms are the basic building blocks of chemistry.
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100.0 ml of a 0.840 m solution of kbr is diluted to 500.0 ml. what is the new concentration of the solution?
The concentration of the KBr solution is 0.168 M.
What is molarity?
The quantity of a substance in a given volume of solution is known as its molarity (M). The number of moles of a solute each liter of a solution is known as molarity. The molar concentration of a solution is another term for molarity.
Explanation:
M1V1 = M2V2,
where M1 is the initial concentration,
V1 is the initial volume,
M2 is the concentration,
V2 is the total final volume.
Have to find the initial and final volume of the solution,
V1=100/1000=0.1
V2=500/1000=0.5
By rearranging the above equation, we get
M2=M1V1/V2
=0.840 x 0.1/0.5=0.168 M.
Therefore, the concentration of the KBr solution is 0.168 M.
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what is the ph of the mixture when 25.00 ml of 0.200 m koh has been added to 25.00 ml of 0.200 m acetic acid?
Using the Henderson equation , pH = pKₐ + log(salt/acid)
pH-value for given mixture is 4.74
When a strong base like potasium hydroxide (KOH ) reacts with weak acid like acetic acid (CH₃COOH) form a salt ( CH₃COOK ) and water . This type of reaction is called Neutralization reaction.
CH₃COOH (aq) + KOH (aq) ------> CH₃COO⁻K⁺ (aq) + H₂O(aq)
Given that
Hen25 ml of potasium hydroxide( KOH) will react with 25ml of acetic acid (CH₃COOH) of both 0.200m give potasium acetate ( Ch₃COO⁻K⁺) 25ml of strength 0.200m. The unreaceted acetic acid will be present there.Number of moles of KOH = 0.200×25 ×10⁻³= 5 × 10⁻³mol
Number of moles of CH₃COO⁻K⁺= 0.200×25×10⁻³ = 5 × 10 ⁻³mol Number of moles of CH₃COOH = 5 × 10⁻³ molNow , using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to find the p-H value
p-H = pKa + log ( salt or conjugate base / weak acid ) ------(1)
where Kₐ is dissociation constant
Since, Kₐ value for acetic acid is 3.8×10⁻⁵
=> pKₐ = 4.74
put the values in (1)
p-H = 4.74 + log ( 5/5) = 4.74 + 0 = 4.74
So, p-H value for solution is 4.74 ..
p-H value of substance or solution refered the nature of solution is acidic or basic .
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Having freckles (f) is dominant over not having freckles (f). a parent with freckles is crossed with a parent without freckles. the punnett square shows the possible genotypes of the offspring. what is the probability that an offspring will have a homozygous dominant genotype? 50% % what is the probability that an offspring will have a heterozygous genotype? 25% % what is the probability that an offspring will have a homozygous recessive genotype? 25% %
The homozygous dominant genotype is 0%, the heterozygous genotype is 50%, and the homozygous recessive genotype is 50%.
This problem does not display the Punnett box. If the genotype of the heterozygous parent has spots (Ff) and the other parent is homozygous without spots, the cross between the two parents is:
Parental: Ff >< ff
Gametes: F . f >< f
Filial: Ff (heterozygous having freckles) and ff (recessive homozygous over not having freckles)
The probability that the offspring will have a homozygous dominant genotype is 0%.The probability that the offspring will have a heterozygous genotype is 50%.The probability offspring will have a homozygous recessive genotype is 50%Learn more about a parent with freckles here https://brainly.com/question/12885435
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Answer: 0%, 50%, 50%
Explanation:
every chemical reaction proceeds through a high-energy unstable species as reactants are converted to products and bonds are in the process of being formed and/or broken. this unstable species is called a(n) complex or state.
The unstable species is called as transition state.
Transition state in a chemical reaction is a point in the chemical reaction with highest potential or highest energy. This state is said to be the most unstable stage of any chemical reaction and this unstable stage exists between the substrate and the products.
When any chemical reaction takes place the energy of the reaction or the potential of the reaction gradually starts increasing as new bonds are about to form and the old bonds are ready to break. Once the reaction reaches a highest potential point we can see that at this point partial bond braking and partial bond is happening, this is called as the transition state.
As this is the unstable state the reaction starts to loose energy as the product is formed.
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In Spain, the legal blood alcohol limit is 250 of alcohol per 1 L of breath. What is this alcohol concentration in parts per billion, ppb?
The alcohol concentration in parts per billion, ppb given that the alcohol limit is 250 of alcohol per 1 L of breath is 25×10¹⁰ ppb
How do I determin the concentration in ppb?The concentration of substance in parts per million, ppb can be obtained by using the filling formula:
Concentration (in ppb) = (amount of solute / volume) × 10⁹
With the above formula, we can obtain the alcohol concentration in parts per billion, ppb as shown below:
The concentration of the vitamin C in ppb can be obtained as follow:
Amount of alcohol = 250Volume = 1 LConcentration (in ppb) =?Concentration (in ppb) = (amount of solute / volume) × 10⁹
Concentration (in ppb) = (250 / 1) × 10⁹
Concentration (in ppb) = 25×10¹⁰ ppb
Thus, the concentration in ppm is 25×10¹⁰ ppb
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The earth’s magnetic poles are in the general direction of the planet’s geographic poles. However, unlike the geographic poles, the magnetic poles are not always in the same place.
As used in the text, what does the phrase "general direction" mean?
(A) different but the same exact way
(B) similar but complete opposite way
(C) similar but not the same exact way
(D) different and complete opposite way
The earth’s magnetic poles are in the general direction of the planet’s geographic poles. the phrase "general direction" mean different and complete opposite way.
What is difference between magnetic pole and geographic pole ?A bar magnet that is suspended freely will always point north-south. This is a result of the bar magnet's south pole being drawn to the Earth's magnetic north pole (geographic south).
Geographic and magnetic poles on Earth are generated by various sources, thus they are not perfectly aligned. The outer core's swirling currents of liquid iron are what generate the Earth's magnetic field.
Thus, Option D is correct.
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you are given two samples of elements, and each sample has a mass of 10 grams. if the number of atoms in each of these samples is the same, what must be true of the two elements?
The must be true of the two elements is All of the above.
An element is a substance composed of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by either physical or chemical processes. They are divided into metals, non-metals, and semi-metals. Helium is the element with atomic number 2 in the periodic table. Each helium atom has two protons in its nucleus.
The atomic weight of the element is 4.0026. Helium is known as a gas in its pure form because it does not combine easily. A compound is a unique substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements. Compounds are formed through chemical reactions. Elements of a compound are held together by chemical bonds.
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