Place the 4 steps of biofilm formation, listed below, in the correct order.
1. Surface (substratum) is preconditioned by environmental molecules.
2. Quorum sensing and the establishment of the extracellular matrix commences as microbes attach more stably.
3. Biofilm matures and some microorganisms escape to the planktonic state.
4. Microbes attach and detach from the preconditioned surface.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

1. Surface (substratum) is preconditioned by environment molecules.

4. Microbes attach and detach from the preconditioned surface.

2.Quorum sensing and the establishment of the extracellular matrix commences as microbes attach more stably.

3. Biofilm matures and some microorganisms escape to the plank-tonic state.

Explanation:

Biofilm is a process in which microorganism irreversibly attach and grow on the surface to produce extra cellular polymers that facilitate formation of matrix. The biofilm process takes three days for the formation after which thickness of plaque increases. There are 4 main steps in biofilm formation. Surface is preconditioned by environment molecules. The microbes attach the preconditioned surface. Establishment of extra cellular matrix and finally biofilm matures.


Related Questions

When fats are used as an energy source, the glycerol portion enters ________ when it has been converted to ________. When fats are used as an energy source, the glycerol portion enters ________ when it has been converted to ________. glycolysis; dihydroxyacetone phosphate the electron transport system; coenzyme Q glycolysis; fructose-6-phosphate the citric acid cycle; pyruvate the citric acid cycle; acetyl CoA

Answers

Answer:

 glycolysis; dihydroxyacetone phosphate

When fats are used as an energy source, the glycerol portion enters the glycolysis when it has been converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Thus, the correct option is A.

What is the Glycolysis?

Glycolysis may be defined as the process in which glucose (sugar) is partially broken down by cells in enzyme reactions that do not need oxygen.

In order to obtain energy from fats, triglycerides must be broken down into fatty acids and glycerol through hydrolysis. The fatty acids enter to Krebs cycle and are converted into acetyl CoA.

While the glycerol portion enters into glycolysis and is converted into dihydroxyacetone phosphate.

Therefore, the correct option for this question is A.

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Adequate food safety practices lead to less: A:Food waste B:Insurance costs C:Hospitalizations D:Training

Answers

The answer to this question is HOSPITALIZATIONS

Food is very important as it is contains the source of energy. However, food can easily be contaminated majorly by MICROORGANISMS, hence, the reason they must be well kept and preserved. Every individual should oblige by the safety rules that guide handling of food (cooked or raw).

Some of the safety rules include;

* Proper washing of hands before and after cooking* Cook food thoroughly* Separate cooked and raw food* Keep food at safe temperatures etc.

Therefore, adequate food safety practices will help reduce HOSPITALIZATIONS caused by disease causing agents.

Learn more at: https://brainly.com/question/14608053

Hospitalizations will be less if adequate food safety practices are adopted.

Adequate food safety practices lead to less hospitalizations in the society because most people hospitalize due to bad food habits and food poisoning. If we implement safety measures related to food then we can save ourselves from various diseases as well as prevent ourselves from going to the hospital so in my opinion hospitalizations will be less if sufficient food safety measures are adopted by the people.

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Which best describes food when it reaches the stomach?

Answers

Explanation:

The polysaccharides have been broken down.

What factor about cellular respiration are you testing? ( what makes the three bottles different?)

Answers

Answer:

Gas.

Explanation:

Gas which is present makes the three bottles different from one another. There are three factors which is used for testing of cellular respiration such as amount of oxygen consumed during this process, amount of glucose used and amount of carbondioxide produced during cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, oxygen used in order to break down glucose and releases high amount of energy with the waste materials such as carbondioxide gas.

Which of the following statements is true?

Photosynthesis is a type of homeostasis.
Unicellular organisms have differentiated cells.
Respiration is a type of metabolism.
Multicellular organisms are made of only one cell.

Answers

Answer:

Respiration is a type of metabolism.

Answer:

C. Respiration is a type of metabolism

Explanation:

Both B and D are incorrect because:

Multicelluar organisms have more than one cell; while singlecelled organisims only have one cell.

Also, homeostasis is a natural way an organisms body reacts to different situations, like when you sweat, your body is realising a way to lower the heat in your body. Therfore, A. is also incorrect.

Hope this helped!

A possible answer to a scientific question that can be tested is a

Answers

The key to a good and manageable investigation is to choose a topic of interest, then ask what is called a “testable question.” Testable questions are those that can be answered through hands-on investigation by the student.

Protects the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell

Answers

Answer:

- Endoplastic reticulum

-cell membrane

-ribosomes

-mithocondrion

^ all the ansers

Explanation:

Cell membrane protects the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell. So, the correct option is (C).

What is Cell Membrane?

The cell membrane is also called the plasma membrane. It is composed of a semipermeable lipid bilayer that regulates the transport of materials into and out of the cell. It protects the cell and provides a stable environment within the cell, and this membrane serves many functions.

The main function of the cell membrane is to transport nutrients into the cell, while another is to remove toxins from the cell. Cellular membranes are composed of glycerophospholipids, which are molecules composed of glycerol, a phosphate group, and two fatty acid chains.

Thus, Cell membrane protects the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell. So, the correct option is (C).

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Your question is incomplete, most probably complete question is:

_____Protects the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell

A) cell wall

B) lysosomes

C)cell membrane

D)Vacuole

What is the fitness of an organism?
O A. The environment the organism lives in
O B. The ability to survive and reproduce
O C. The total population of a species
O D. The number of resources an organism uses

Answers

Answer:

B the ability to survive and reproduce.

Name four breeds of cattle

Answers

Answer:

Black Angus, Red Angus, Holstein, Gelbvieh

Hope this helps!

Detectives work in three different locations when processing evidence. Which is the correct order for the locations of processing evidence? a. in the forensic lab, analyzing evidence b. in the court, testifying about their findings c. at the crime scene, collecting evidence 1. a, b, c 2. b, c, a 3. c, b, a 4. c, a, b

Answers

Answer:

The correct order is option 4. c, a, b.

Explanation:

Evidence collection and processing involves three different locations and this processing and analyzing is done by the detectives. The first location is the crime scene at which detectives collect the evidences such as photographs, blood traces and samples, fingerprint and other physical evidences without manipulating them.

Second location of processing evidences is at forensic lab at which the evidences are thoroughly tested and analyzed and match with prior records. The final location is in the court house where all the evidences and finding about them are testified.

Thus, the correct order is : option 4. c, a, b.

answer answer answer answer

Answers

Answer: C

Explanation: Amoeba use pseudopods to move around and people use feet to move.

Answer:

The answer is C

Helpppppp!!!
Which of the following is an example of a hormone?

Adrenaline
Blood
Calcium
Thyroid

Answers

I believe the answer is adrenaline, the rest just dont make sense

Answer:

Adrenaline is an example of a hormone. Hormones are chemical messengers in your body, which carry around messages. Adrenaline is a hormone that is released when you are in fear, stress, or doing something dangerous.

Let me know if this helps!

Why does the land around a once active coal mine remain barren?
A: Toxic nitrous oxides were released into the soil killing all plants.
B: C: Ozone is formed from hydrocarbons which prevent the growth of plants.
Please don't just take points. Thank you and have a good day

Answers

Hello!!

The answer is A. Toxic nitrous oxides were releassed into the soil killing all plants

Answer:

Empty coal mines are flooded with acid rain so no life forms can survive.

Explanation:

Name 2 features/tools in Drive that makes it easy to collaborate on assignments?

Answers

1. Live action
It shows what people are editing on your assignment so that you know what they have changed on it
2. Comments
When people have a suggestion, all they simply do is comment
Hope this helped! If it did, please mark as brainiest!

Question 17 of 25
Why do plants produce more carbon dioxide than oxygen during the night?
O A. Respiration produces oxygen during the day and carbon dioxide at
night.
B. Respiration can happen without sunlight, but photosynthesis
cannot.
O C. Respiration can only occur when there is no available sunlight.
O D. Photosynthesis only produces carbon dioxide during the night.
SUBMIT

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Respiration can happen without sunlight,but photosynthesis cannot.and photosynthesis doesn't take place at night,so less carbon dioxide is used up than it is produced.

I hope this helps

If capeland switches from producing 0 watermelons to producing 18 million tons of watermelons, what does it give up?

Answers

Answer:

Attached to this solution is an image of the complete question and data.

The correct answer is:

6 million pairs of shoes

Explanation:

From the diagram attached to this answer, the following data can be gotten:

Watermelons                   shoes

(Millions of tonnes)          (Millions of pairs)

0                                        15

8                                        14

14                                       12

18                                       9

20                                      5

21                                       0

From the pattern of the data shown above, we notice that as the production of one commodity increases, the other is given up (decreases)

Therefore, to find how much shoes are given up if Capeland switches from 0 watermelons to 18 million tons of watermelon, we will find the difference between the number of shoes produced at 0 and at 18 million tons of watermelon

at 0 watermelon; shoes = 15 million pairs

at 18 million tons of watermelon; shoes = 9 million pairs

Therefore, number of shoes given up = 15 - 9 = 6 million pairs

Hence, 6 million pairs of shoes are given up tp increase production of watermelon from 0 to 18 million tons

HELP
In humans, ventilation, digestion, and blood flow are important biological processes. Explain the relationship between the structure of tissues or organs and one of these processes.

Answers

Answer:

I am assuming the question is asking how do the processes relate to one another.

Explanation:

Ventilation happens in the lungs, where carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged in the alveoli. This is done via cappilaries that surround the alveoli. Cappilaries are small blood vessels, which are collecitelvy part of the blood flow system (circulation) of the body. In reguards to the digestion, there are capillaries in the vili (which are tiny finger-like structures) so that they can pick up the nutrients during digestion. Another way blood flow and digestion are connected is because the stomach is a muscle, thus is moves and requires energy. That energy comes from the oxygen and nutrients that is supplied by the blood. These are just some examples.

carbohydrate are store in animal cell in the form of​

Answers

Answer:

molecule glycogen

Plants store carbohydrates in long polysaccharides chains called starch, while animals store carbohydrates as the molecule glycogen.

Glycogen molecule, which is found in the cytosol of the cell

13. List 4 safety symbols that would be seen if you are working with a material that is biohazard, such as bacteria.

Answers

Answer:

1. Skull and crossbones

2. A triangle (commonly painted colour red or yellow) with an exclamation sign inside.

3. biohazard symbol

4. A radiation sign in the form of a triangle, having other little image descriptions inside.

Explanation:

Note that a biohazard material refers to dangerous substances of biological (living) nature that can pose a threat to humans. Thus, safety symbols try as much as to draw attention to the descriptions used.

For example, skull and crossbones and biohazard symbols are used to indicate that a material that is biohazard, such as bacteria could result in the death of a person.

3.
Read this sentence from the passage.
The tortoises which live on those
islands where there is no water,
or in the lower, arid parts of
the others, feed mainly on the
succulent cactus.
The word succulent MOST LIKELY
means
A. dried out.
B. chunky.
C. moist.
D. tough.

Answers

i think it’s C because cactuses store water in them, and also it mentions that the tortoises live in dry areas so it makes sense that they’re feeding on cactuses to get some water

how can new stuff be made from old stuff

Answers

Answer:

BUY A NEW ONE

clean it

or sell it , with the money you sold the item use that money to buy a new one

Explanation:

Answer:

That is called upcycling. IKEA has started doing that with their products

Explanation:

It can be inferred from the passage that the time required to replenish muscle glycogen following anaerobic glycolysis is determined by which of the following factors? I. Rate of oxidative metabolism II. Quantity of lactic acid in the body fluids III. Percentage of glucose that is returned to the muscles

Answers

Answer:

Percentage of glucose that is returned to the muscles.

Explanation:

After intense physical activity, where glycogen reserves are consumed, the muscle acquires its resting and reactivation position, is where the organism that feeds the new reserves for the next physical activity is located.

Foods rich in carbohydrates identified as ATP or glucose in good quantities, but this depends on the amount of intake and the quality of the food, that is how when consuming these sources, the serum glucose values are metabolized, that is, increases glycemia and this promotes the release of insulin that is responsible for generating energy reserves with more complex chemical bonds such as glycogen.

how to minimize flood​

Answers

Answer:

some of the ways are...

Explanation:

establishing strong damavoiding construction around water resources properly utilizing and storing rain water for future useflood cannot be stopped totally as it is the effect of nature but its effects can be minimized by using our scientific knowledge and methods


Pls help the picture above .i will surely mark the first person as the brainliest

Answers

Answer:

Wilting occurs due to excess removal of water from plant body.

Crop rotation.

Explanation:

The main use of blue green algae is that it has the ability of fixing atmospheric nitrogen for the plants. Oil is extracted from Neem leaves which is used as fungicide and pesticide for plants. Turmeric is used as healing of wounds for both plants and animals. It also prevent fungal and bacterial disease in plants. Plants will wilt if not watered because water is removed from the body of plants in order to cool down the inner temperature so due to removal of excess water from plant body it will dry and start wilting. Crop rotation is used in these cropping system. Crop rotation is a practice of growing more than one crop on the same piece of land in a year.

Why did the author think e-skin could make better hearing aids? In your answer, explain how the ears connect to the nervous system

Answers

Answer:

The author thought this because e-skin might hold promise for use in soft, wearable hearing aids. Unlike conventional aids, soft devices are more comfortable because they mold to human skin. When the ear receives sound vibrations, there are hair cells in the cochlea that vibrate and translate the sounds into electrical signals. These electrical signals are transmitted to the auditory nerve, which transmits the information to the brain.

Answer:

Sound is one of the five major senses. The nervous system carries sound signals from sensory receptors to the brain. E-skin has many sensory receptors that can carry signals toward the brain, enabling us to react to sounds. Because e-skin is soft, scientists can use it to make effective hearing aids that are quite comfortable to wear.

Explanation:

do not copy it, this is the exact answer from Edmentum

(this means it right)

Which of the following is a testable hypothesis?
a. Roses are more beautiful than violets.
b. A plant needs at least five hours of sunlight per day to grow.
c. I've cream is delicious.
d. Humans will someday land on Mars.

Answers

B is the correct answer because none of this that you put are testable.

Answer:

B. because it's something u can actually do it,  and it's more reasonable

Explanation:

an example for a hypothesis could be, If a gets at least 5 hours of sunlight per day, then it will grow. I hope this helps you :)

When you centrifuge the DNA isolated from the bacteria, the DNA separates into two classes. One class of labeled DNA includes very large molecules (thousands or even millions of nucleotides long), and the other includes short stretches of DNA (several hundred to a few thousand nucleotides in length). Which two classes of DNA do these different samples represent

Answers

Answer:

Leading strand and Okazaki fragments

Explanation:

The two classes of DNA that the different samples represent include the leading strand and the Okazaki fragments.

The large molecules DNA with thousands/millions of nucleotides constitutes the leading strand of the DNA while the short stretches of DNA with just a few thousand nucleotides in light constitute the Okazaki fragments.

This is because, during replication, the leading strands of DNAs are usually synthesized in a continuous manner and end up forming a long, continuous daughter strand while the lagging strands are usually synthesized in short, discontinuous fragments known as the Okazaki fragments.

The continuous/discontinuous replication of the leading/lagging strands of the DNA is due to the characteristics of the enzyme responsible for adding bases to the growing daughter strands. The DNA polymerase enzyme can only add nucleotides in the 5' to ' direction.

In terms of pedogenic regimes, the process that results in an accumulation of humus overlaying a thick, water saturated layer of clay in cold, wet climates with poor drainage conditions is

Answers

Answer:

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2015.03186.x the ans is more than 5000 lines so I cont lell it so it is the link of the ans

how does the cell wall contributes towards maintaining homeostasis in the cell​

Answers

Answer:

The water wants to flow from the higher concentration, which is outside of the cell, to the lower concentration, which is inside of the cell. The cell membrane helps to regulate and slow down the flow of water into the cell. This is yet another way that the cell membrane helps maintain homeostasis.

I hope it helps ❤️

latex from _______ is the source of biodiesel
A. Jatropa
B. Tulasi
C. Neem
D. Cactus​

Answers

Latex from cactus is the source of biodiesel.

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