21. In infrared spectroscopy, absorption of electromagnetic radiation results in transitions between ________ energy levels.
In infrared spectroscopy, absorption of electromagnetic radiation results in transitions between Vibrational energy levels.
What does spectroscopy mean?Definition of spectroscopy Spectrum analysis is the study and measurement of the spectrum that matter emits when it interacts with electromagnetic (EM) radiation. It is the investigation of how frequency or wavelength affects the relationship between matter and radiation.
The various forms of spectroscopy include the following:
Acoustic resonance: A type of spectroscopy that primarily uses the ultrasonic and sonic ranges of sound. It is a popular, affordable approach for classifying and valuing materials.X-ray photoelectron: This technique makes use of the diffraction patterns that X-rays produce as they travel through crystalline materials. The nature of the crystal structure can be inferred from these patterns.You can use circular dichroism, a type of light absorption spectroscopy, to determine how differently a sample absorbs left- and right-circularly polarized light.It is appropriate for exploring the electronic structure of molecules and detecting the compounds present. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV/Vis) Spectroscopy. It aids in the recognition of peptide bonds, coenzymes, side chains of amino acids, and prosthetic groups.NMR Spectroscopy: This technique uses nuclear magnetic resonance to measure the magnetic fields surrounding the nuclei. Radio waves are used to excite atomic nuclei in a material. Spectroscopy of the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum is known as infrared spectroscopy. Longer wavelengths and lower frequencies are found in infrared photons, and in infrared spectroscopy, the idea of absorption spectroscopy is used.Raman spectroscopy is a method of spectroscopy used to examine low-frequency system modes such as rotational, vibrational, and other modes.Learn more about Spectroscopy here:-
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The volume occupied by 0.4g of hydrogen gas at S.T.P is ________
{H=1.00, Molar volume at S.T.P =22.4dm^3
Answer:
4.48 dm^3
Explanation:
As given in the problem, the conversion factor for the molar volume of all gases is 22.4 dm^3/mole at STP. A mole of all ideal gases will occupy 22.4 liters (dm^3). Calculate the moles of hydrogen contained in 0.4 grams of the gas by dividing the mass by the molar mass of H2. H2 has a molar mass of 2 grams/mole.
(0.4 g)/(2 grams/mole) = 0.2 moles H2
(0.2 moles H2 at STP)*(22.4 dm^3/mole at STP) = 4.48 dm^3 (4.48 liters at STP)
A 100 cc bottle of Amoxicillin 125 oral suspension requires addition of 61 ml of Purified Water to make 100 cc. What is the powder volume
A 100 cc bottle of Amoxicillin 125 oral suspension requires addition of 61 ml of Purified Water to make 100 cc. The powder volume is 76.25.
How do you calculate powder volume ?To calculate the powder volume use the expression
[tex]\frac{H}{Q} = \frac{D}{X}[/tex]
where,
H = Dose on hand
Q = Quantity on hand
D = Desired dose
X = Quantity desired
Now put the values in above expression we get
[tex]\frac{H}{Q} = \frac{D}{X}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{100}{61} = \frac{125}{X}[/tex]
[tex]X = \frac{125 \times 61}{100}[/tex]
X = 76.25
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that A 100 cc bottle of Amoxicillin 125 oral suspension requires addition of 61 ml of Purified Water to make 100 cc. The powder volume is 76.25.
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A sparingly soluble metal hydroxide, m(oh)2 has a molar solubility of s mol/l at 25°c. its ksp value is:______
The value of the Ksp can be obtained in terms of s as 4s^3.
What is Ksp?The term Ksp has to do with the solubility product. It is the extent to which a substance can dissolve in water. We know that the solubility of the substance can be given as;
M(OH)2(s) ⇔M^+(aq) + 2OH^-(aq)
Ksp = s * (2s)^2
Ksp = s * 4s^2
Ksp = 4s^3
Thus it follows that the value of the Ksp can be obtained in terms of s as 4s^3.
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Determine the molarity of a solution that contains 30 moles naoh in 0.80 liters of solution?
Taking into account the definition of molarity, the molarity of a solution that contains 30 moles naoh in 0.80 liters of solution is 37.5 [tex]\frac{moles}{liters}[/tex].
Definition of molarityMolar concentration or molarity is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution and indicates the number of moles of solute that are dissolved in a given volume.
The molarity of a solution is calculated by dividing the moles of solute by the volume of the solution:
[tex]Molarity=\frac{number of moles}{volume}[/tex]
Molarity is expressed in units [tex]\frac{moles}{liters}[/tex].
This caseIn this case, you have:
number of moles= 30 molesvolume= 0.80 LReplacing in the definition of molarity:
[tex]Molarity=\frac{30 moles }{0.80 L}[/tex]
Solving:
Molarity= 37.5 [tex]\frac{moles}{liters}[/tex]
Finally, the molarity of a solution that contains 30 moles naoh in 0.80 liters of solution is 37.5 [tex]\frac{moles}{liters}[/tex].
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Silver bromide is the photosensitive material in 35 mm photographic film. When monochromatic light falls on film, the photons are recorded if
they contain sufficient energy to react with silver bromide in the film. The minimum energy needed to do this is approximately 57.9 kJ/mol. What
is the wavelength of this energy in nm?
The minimum energy needed by the photons to react with silver bromide in the film is approximately 57.9 kJ/mol. Then, the wavelength is 206 nm.
What is wavelength?Wavelength of a wave is the distance between two consecutive crests or troughs of the wave.
To find the wavelength of the energy in nm, we can use the equation:
E = hc/λ
where E is the energy in joules, h is Planck's constant (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J s), c is the speed of light (2.998 x 10⁸ m/s), and λ is the wavelength in meters.
First, we need to convert the energy from kJ/mol to J/photon:
57.9 kJ/mol = 57.9 x 1000 J/mol / 6.02 x 10²³ mol^-1
= 9.626 x 10²⁰ J/photon
Now we can use the equation above to find the wavelength:
9.626 x 10²⁰ J/photon = (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J s)(2.998 x 10⁸ m/s) / λ
Solving for λ, we get:
λ = hc/E = (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J s)(2.998 x 10^8 m/s) / 9.626 x 10⁻²⁰J/photon
= 2.06 x 10⁻⁷ m
Finally, we convert the wavelength from meters to nanometers:
λ = 2.06 x 10⁻⁷ m x (10⁻⁹ nm/m)
= 206 nm
Therefore, the wavelength of the energy needed to react with silver bromide in 35 mm photographic film is approximately 206 nm.
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What is the temperature of an 11. 2-l sample of carbon monoxide, co, at 744 torr if it occupies 13. 3 l at 55 °c and 744 torr?.
The temperature of an 11.2 L sample of carbon monoxide, CO, at 744 torr is 276 K or 3°C.
What is Charles's law?
Charles's law states that, "When the pressure on a sample of a dry gas is held constant, the Kelvin temperature and the volume will be in direct proportion".
V ∝ T
[tex]\frac{V}{T}=K[/tex]
Where,
V is the volume of the gas,
T is the temperature of the gas (measured in kelvins), and
K is a non-zero constant.
In two different states, an initial state 1 and a final state 2, the equation is,
[tex]\frac{V1}{T1}=\frac{V2}{T2}[/tex]
Given data:
V1 = 11.2L
V2 = 13.3L
T2 = 55°C = 328K
By substituting the given data,
[tex]\frac{11.2}{T1}=\frac{13.3L}{328K}[/tex]
[tex]T1=\frac{11.2L/328K}{13.3L}[/tex]
∴T1 = 276K = 3°C
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The correctly reported volume for a rectangular solid that is found to be
12.49 cm x 4.00 cm x 0.90 cm is
cm³?
The Venn diagram shown below compares the nuclear reactions in the sun and nuclear power plants.
Picture shows two ovals which overlap in the middle. The oval on the left has the label 'Sun' on top and 'A' within it. The oval on the right has the label 'Nuclear power plants' on top and 'Splitting of atoms' within it. The overlapping portion has the label 'Release of energy' within it.
What process is best described by A?
Destruction of atoms
Fission of atoms
Fusion of atoms
Repulsion of atoms
The process which is best described by "A" in this Venn diagram is: C. fusion of atoms.
What is nuclear fusion?Nuclear fusion can be defined as a type of nuclear reaction that involves joining or combining two (2) smaller nuclei of atoms, so as to form a single heavier nucleus accompanied with the release of energy.
Based on the Venn diagram in the image attached below, we can logically deduce that the process which is best described by "A" is fusion of atoms.
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What mass of lithium carbonate (in grams) must be added to 25.0 mL of 0.335 M hydrochloric acid solution to completely neutralize the acid
Answer: 0.309g
Explanation:
What two basic geologic processes contributed to the formation of folded mountain ranges like in Glacier National Park?
The two basic geologic processes which contributed to the formation of folded mountain ranges like in Glacier National Park include:
Folding and breaking of sedimentary rocks.Erosion.What is Erosion?This is a geologic process which involve materials in the earth being washed away and transported to other parts by water, wind etc.
In the case of Glacier National Park, ice erodes the mountain thereby resulting in the folding of the sedimentary rocks.
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Which rule for assigning oxidation numbers is correct?
Hydrogen is usually –1.
Oxygen is usually –2.
A pure group 1 element is +1.
A monatomic ion is 0.
The incorrect rule for assigning oxidation numbers is Hydrogen is usually –1.
Hydrogen is usually +1
What is oxidation number?Oxidation numbers can be defined as that number which is assigned to an element in chemical reaction which represents the number of electrons lost or gained.
So therefore, the incorrect rule for assigning oxidation numbers is Hydrogen is usually –1.
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Answer:
B: Oxygen is usually –2.
Explanation:
Substances composed of atoms that all have the same number of protons are called:.
The substances composed of atoms that all have the same number of protons are called elements.
What are the names of substances made up of atoms with the same number of protons?
The substances which are made up of atoms with the same numbers of protons are called as element.
An element is a substance with the same number of protons in all of its atoms. Gold is an example of an element. A pure gold bar is made up of only one element, gold.
All matter is composed of substances known as elements, which have distinct chemical and physical properties and cannot be broken down into other substances via ordinary chemical reactions.
Gold, for example, is an element, as is carbon. Only 92 of the 118 elements occur naturally. The remaining elements are unstable because they were only created in laboratories.
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In the reaction catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, the two carbons constituting the acetyl group are.
In the reaction catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, the two carbons constituting the acetyl group are oxidized by NAD+ while attached to the lipoamide.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase influencing the reaction:A multienzyme complex called pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) catalyzes the oxidative conversion of pyruvate into acetyl coenzyme A (CoA), carbon dioxide (CO2), and reducing equivalents in the form of NADH.
Reaction:The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA.This complex requires the sequential action of three different enzymes and five different enzymes and five different coenzymes or prosthetic groups - Thiamine pyrophosphate(TPP), flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD), coenzyme A(CoA-SH), Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD).To learn more about catalysis visit:
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A sample of an unknown substance has a mass of 0. 465 kg. If 3,000. 0 j of heat is required to heat the substance from 50. 0°c to 100. 0°c, what is the specific heat of the substance? use q equals m c subscript p delta t.
Answer:
.129 J / g-C
Explanation:
specific heat = J / g-°C
= 3000 J / ( 465 g * 50C ) =.129 J /g-C
Identify all resonance forms of the enolate formed, and indicate whether or not a substantial amount of starting ketone will be present together with the enolate at equilibrium. (select all that apply)
At equilibrium, a significant quantity of starting ketone will be present with the enolate in the first case.
What is ketone?Ketones are substances produced by the liver. It is formed when there is insufficient insulin in the body to turn sugar into energy.
What happens in scenario two where the formation of possible enolate ions from the cyclohexan-1, 4-di.ketone by abstraction of acidic proton by suing sodium ethoxide base occurs?In this case a substantial amount of ketone will exist along side the enolate at equilibrium.
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age
Which of the following has the greatest mass?
Select one:
1.0 mole of Zn
1.0 mole of Cu
1.0 mole of Fe
they all have the same mass
Answer:
Option (2)
Explanation:
Since the amount of each sample is the same, we are looking for the metal with the greatest density, which is copper.
What is the stoichiometric coefficient in front of the oxygen (o2) in the balanced version of this reaction? c4h8(l) o2(g) â co2(g) h2o(g) (unbalanced)
The stoichiometric coefficient in front of the oxygen ([tex]O_{2}[/tex]) in the balanced version of the reaction will be 6.
The number that must be present before the atoms, molecules, or ions is known as the stoichiometric coefficient. Fractions, as well as whole numbers, can be used as stoichiometric coefficients. Essentially, the coefficients assist us in determining the mole ratio of reactants to products.
The balanced chemical reaction will be
[tex]C_{4} H_{8} +6O_{2}[/tex] → [tex]4CO_{2} +4H_{2} O[/tex]
It can be seen that the stoichiometric coefficient in front of oxygen is 6.
Therefore, stoichiometric coefficient in front of oxygen will be 6.
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3 A+B 2C+D
What is the percent yield of the reaction if 7.00 mol of A actually formed 1.00 mol of
C?
Answer:
Percent Yield = 21.4% C
Explanation:
The actual yield is the value that was produced after conducting an experiment. The theoretical yield is the value calculated using the balanced chemical equation.
To find the percent yield, you need to (1) convert moles A to moles C (via the mole-to-mole ratio from equation coefficients) and then (2) calculate the percent yield. It is important to arrange the ratios in a way that allows for the cancellation of units. The final answer should have 3 sig figs to match the sig figs of the values given.
3 A + B -----> 2 C + D
^ ^
7.00 moles A 2 moles C
--------------------- x ---------------------- = 4.67 moles C
3 moles A
Actual Yield
Percent Yield = ------------------------------ x 100%
Theoretical Yield
1.00 moles C
Percent Yield = ------------------------- x 100%
4.67 moles C
Percent Yield = 21.4% C
Cesium sulfite is formed from the cs cation and the so2−3 anion. What is the correct formula for this compound?
Cesium Sulfite is formed from the Cs cation and the SO₃⁻² anion. The correct formula for this compound is Cs₂SO₃.
What is Cation ?Cations are positively charged ions. It forms when an element lose one or more electrons.
Anions are negatively charged ions. It form when an element gains one or more electrons.
Symbol Cs⁺¹ SO₃⁻²
Valency +1 -2
Formula of the compound is Cs₂SO₃.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Cesium Sulfite is formed from the Cs cation and the SO₃⁻² anion. The correct formula for this compound is Cs₂SO₃.
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If the reaction has reached equilibrium and then the sealed reaction vessel expands, increasing the volume, the reaction would ____.
If the reaction has reached equilibrium and then the sealed reaction vessel expands, increasing the volume, the reaction would increase.
The equilibrium will change to favor the direction that produces more moles of gas when the volume is increased.
Equilibrium is a state of balance between opposing forces or actions that can be static (such as when forces are applied to a body and the resultant is zero) or dynamic (such as during a reversible chemical reaction when the velocities in both directions are equal). It can also be a state of equilibrium between the mind and the body.
In terms of economics, equilibrium occurs when supply and demand are equal. When you are composed and steady, you are in an equilibrium state.
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Which component of delegation is the ability to perform duties in a specific role?
The component of delegation which speaks to the ability to perform a specific task is: Authority.
What is delegated Authority?The division of work and assignment of decision-making authority to a person who answers to a leader or management is referred to as delegation of authority.
It is an organizational technique in which a management assigns each employee a portion of their own workload.
What is the difference between delegated authority and responsibility?While the superior may transfer power to followers, responsibility is taken, or it is built into the duty that was given to the subordinate.
While responsibility calls for the capacity for compliance or obedience, the capacity to obey directions, authority requires the capacity to issue orders and instructions hence - responsibility.
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Given the following equation: 2h20=2h2+02 how many grams of o2 are produced if 3.6 grams of h20 react?
Answer:
3.2 g O₂
Explanation:
To find the mass of O₂, you need to (1) convert grams H₂O to moles H₂O (via molar mass), then (2) convert moles H₂O to moles O₂ (via mole-to-mole ratio from reaction coefficients), and then (3) convert moles O₂ to grams O₂ (via molar mass). It is important to arrange the ratios/conversions in a way that allows for the cancellation of units (the desired unit should be in the numerator). The final answer should have 2 sig figs to reflect the sig figs of the given value (3.6 g).
Molar Mass (H₂O): 2(1.008 g/mol) + 15.998 g/mol
Molar Mass (H₂O): 18.014 g/mol
2 H₂O -----> 2 H₂ + 1 O₂
Molar Mass (O₂): 2(15.998 g/mol)
Molar Mass (O₂): 31.996 g/mol
3.6 g H₂O 1 mole 1 mole O₂ 31.996 g
---------------- x --------------- x --------------------- x --------------- = 3.2 g O₂
18.014 g 2 moles H₂O 1 mole
Question 7 of 10
Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme in the human body that participates in the
reaction shown below:
CO₂ + H₂O → H₂CO3
How will this reaction be affected if carbonic anhydrase acts as a catalyst?
OA. CO₂ and H₂O will be produced.
OB. H₂CO3 will be produced faster.
OC. H₂CO3 will be produced more slowly.
OD. H₂CO3 will not be produced at all.
SUBMIT
H₂CO₃ will be produced faster if carbonic anhydrase acts as a catalyst and the correct option is option B.
What is Carbonic Anhydrase?Carbonic anhydrase enzyme helps to maintain acid-base homeostasis, fluid balance and regulate pH. Based on its location, the enzyme role changes slightly.
The inter-conversion that occurs between water, carbon dioxide, and dissociated carbonic acid ions, is catalyzed by a group of enzymes that form by carbonic anhydrase, or carbonate dehydratase.
The active site for most carbonic anhydrase is supposed to be a zinc ion, and it is as a result classified as metalloenzymes.
Therefore, H₂CO₃ will be produced faster if carbonic anhydrase acts as a catalyst and the correct option is option B.
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The concentration of hydroxide ion in an aqueous solution at 25°c is 3. 6 × 10⁻⁴ m. What is the concentration of the hydronium ion?.
Concentration of hydronium ion is 2.8 x 10⁻¹¹ M.
Calculation:
Given,
[OH⁻] = 3.6 x 10⁻⁴ M (concentration of hydroxide ion)
To find,
[H₃O⁺] =? (concentration of hydronium ion)
We know the relation that,
[H₃O⁺] x [OH⁻] = Kw
where,
Kw is the ionic constant of water at 25°C
Kw = 1 x 10⁻¹⁴
Substituting the known concentration of [OH-], we can find the concentration of [H3O+],
[H₃O⁺][3.6 x 10⁻⁴] = 1 x 10⁻¹⁴
[H₃O⁺] = 1 x 10⁻¹⁴/ 3.6 x 10⁻⁴
[H₃O⁺] = 2.8 x 10⁻¹¹ M
Therefore, the concentration of hydronium ion is 2.8 x 10⁻¹¹ M.
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Oxygen is a gas at 20 °C .
(i) Describe the arrangement and behavior of the particles in the gas.
Answer:
They are not arranged in a particular way.They have negligible intermolecular force of attraction and having more spaces between the particles.
What are the spectator ions when k2s and mgcl2 are combines
The spectator ions of when k2s and mgcl2 are combined are 1. Cl- (aq) and 2. K (aq)
the balance equation of MgCl2 and K2S is as follows:
MgCl2(aq) + K2S(aq) ------> MgS(s) + 2KCl(aq)
the net ionic equation is as follows:
Mg 2+ (aq) + 2 Cl- (aq) + 2K (aq) + S 2- (aq) = MgS(s) +2 Cl- (aq) + 2K (aq)
The overall reaction is as follows:
Mg 2+ (aq) + S 2- (aq) = MgS(s)
Thus the spectator ions are the following:
Cl- (aq)
K (aq)
If we compare the solutions before and after the reaction, sodium and nitrate ions are present in both the solutions. They do not undergo any chemical exchange at all. These ions are called spectator ions since they don't participate in the chemical reaction at all (they simply "watch").
Compare the reactant and product sides of the rewritten reaction and cross out the spectator ions. Any dissolved ions that appear in the same form on both sides are spectator ions.
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What mass of oxygen gas (o2) should occupy a 25. 0 l container when the pressure is 665 torr and the temperature is 55. 0ºc?
The mass of oxygen gas is 26.0 g.
Given,
Volume (V) = 25.0 L
665
Pressure (P) = 665 torr =
760 atm = 0.875 atm
Temperature (T) = 55 C = (55+2730) K = 328 K
Now using the Ideal gas law, calculate the mole of oxygen gas (02)
PV = nRT
atm . L
0.875 atm x 25.0 L = n x 0.082-
X 328K
mole . K
n = 0.813 mole
Using the molar mass of Oz = 32.0 g/mole, Calculate the mass of Oz
mass = 0.813 mole x 32.0 mole
mass = 26.016 g
mass = 26.0 g
The answer is 26.0 g.
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121) The sugar sucrose has 12 carbon atoms, 22 hydrogen atoms and 11 oxygen
atoms. How would this be written?
A) Co12H22O1
B) CI2H22011
C) C6H1206
D) CacH1206
122) How are the elements organized on the periodic table?
A) Atomic Mass
B) Element Name
C) Symbol
D) No Set Organization
123) Which of the following elements would be considered a compound?
A) CH
B) Si
C)F
D) O6
124) The formula for water is H2O meaning there are 2 Hydrogen atoms and 1
Oxygen. What is the atomic mass of one molecule to the nearest hundredth?
A) 15.99
B) 16.99
C) 17.99
D) 18.99
Answer:
Explanation:
121) The sugar sucrose has 12 carbon atoms, 22 hydrogen atoms and 11 oxygen
atoms. How would this be written?
A) Co12H22O1 [Co is cobalt]
B) CI2H22011 [Yes]
C) C6H1206 [6 C atoms]
D) CacH1206 [Ca is calcium]
122) How are the elements organized on the periodic table?
A) Atomic Mass [Yes, from lightest to heaviest]
B) Element Name
C) Symbol
D) No Set Organization
123) Which of the following elements would be considered a compound?
A) CH [Yes, two or more elements combined]
B) Si [No]
C)F [No]
D) O6 [No, multiple atoms, but same element]
124) The formula for water is H2O meaning there are 2 Hydrogen atoms and 1
Oxygen. What is the atomic mass of one molecule to the nearest hundredth?
A) 15.99
B) 16.99
C) 17.99 [Yes, 16 + 2*1 = 18]
D) 18.99
______ is a naturally occurring metal found in the environment as well as manufactured in products. The major source of this metal has historically been from fuels in on-road motor vehicles such as cars and trucks, and industrial sources.
Lead is a naturally occurring metal found in the environment as well as manufactured in products. The major source of this metal has historically been fuels in on-road motor vehicles such as cars and trucks, and industrial sources.
Lead: An Air PollutantBoth naturally occurring in the environment and used in manufactured goods are the metal lead. In the past, industrial sources and fuels used in on-road motor vehicles (such as cars and trucks) have been the main sources of lead emissions. Lead emissions from the transportation industry rapidly reduced by 95% between 1980 and 1999 thanks to regulatory measures in the U.S. to remove lead from gasoline for on-road motor vehicles, while lead levels in the air decreased by 94% over the same period. The areas closest to lead smelters typically have the greatest airborne lead concentrations today. Today, the processing of ores and metals as well as piston-engine aircraft using leaded aviation gasoline are the main sources of lead emissions into the atmosphere.
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