Shaw and McKay's findings rejected Social Darwinism because it is obvious that the culture is not what influences crime and delinquency but, rather, the criminogenic nature of the environment.
What is Social Darwinism?A broad range of ideologies known as social Darwinism first came into being in the late 1800s and exploited Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection to support particular political, social, and economic viewpoints. The concept of "survival of the fittest," according to social Darwinists, holds that some people rise to prominence in society as a result of their inherent superiority. Throughout the past 150 years, social Darwinism has been invoked to defend many social injustices such as racism, eugenics, imperialism, and socioeconomic inequality.
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According to the diathesis-stress model, monozygotic twins raised in the same household will:_____.
A) not necessarily have the same disorders because of potential differences in their diathesis.B) have the same disorders because their diathesis and stress are exactly the same.C) not necessarily have the same disorders because of potential differences in their stress.D) have no more likelihood of sharing a disorder than any other two randomly selected individuals from the population.
According to the diathesis-stress model, monozygotic twins raised in the same household will C) not necessarily have the same disorders because of potential differences in their stress.
Monozygotic (also called monozygotic twins) end result from the fertilization of a single egg by way of a single sperm, with the fertilized egg then splitting into. Identical twins share identical genomes and are always of equal gender.
Here are the important thing differences between monozygotic and dizygotic twins: Monozygotic twins are formed by one sperm and one egg. Dizygotic twins are shaped with the aid of two one-of-a-kind sperm and one-of-a-kind eggs.
Clearly put, monozygotic twins show up when a single fertilized egg divides into. From there, two embryos develop into toddlers. Monozygotic ("mono" approach one and "zygote" means fertilized egg) is the time period used to describe this method.
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Your car must have a white light that keeps the license plate visible from __________ feet (the plate must be kept clean).
Your car must have a white light that keeps the license plate visible from 50 feet (the plate must be kept clean).
This is further explained below.
What is a license plate?Generally, From 50 feet away, your license plate must be clearly visible with a bright light (the plate must be kept clean).
In conclusion, In the United States, the department of motor vehicles, a state or territory agency, or, in the District of Columbia's case, the district government, is responsible for issuing automobile registration plates, also known as license plates. Plates are also issued by a number of Native American tribes.
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One attitude shift in the united states is that people are beginning ___________ at an earlier age
One attitude shift in the united states is that people are beginning retirement at an earlier age.
What is Retirement?
This involves an individual deciding to leave the workforce behind on a permanent basis.
The traditional retirement age is 65 in the United States but has experienced a change in recent times to an earlier age hence why it is the most appropriate choice.
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How did j. P. Guilford apply titchener’s approach to studying consciousness to personality and intelligence?
Guilford adopted Edward Titchener's methodology for researching consciousness and personality (Taylor & Getzels, 2017). A psychologist from England named Titchener spent several years learning from Wilhelm Wundt. The psychological approach called structuralism, developed by Titchener is best recognized for describing the inner workings of the mind.
According to Titchener, all thoughts can be reduced to their most fundamental components, namely the senses. According to him, when you recognized the thing, you used recollections of earlier experiences with its color, shape, texture, smell, and taste to determine that it was an apple.
He described the mind as a lifetime's worth of experience, and awareness as the totality of mental experience at any given time.
An individual's success on intelligence tests can be linked to the underlying mental skills or elements of intelligence, according to Guilford's Structure of Intellect (SI) theory from 1955.
Guilford suggested that intelligence can be organized in three dimensions. The three dimensions of intellectual activity or traits: "Operations," "Contents," and "Product."
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When using a truth table to test the validity of an argument, if there are circumstances in which premises are all true and the conclusion is false, then the argument can be declared invalid after checking _____ row(s) in the table.
When using a truth table to test the validity of an argument, if there are circumstances in which premises are all true and the conclusion is false, then the argument can be declared invalid after checking one row(s) in the table.
A truth table is a mathematical table used in logic, especially in relation to Boolean algebra, Boolean functions, and propositional calculus, that gives the function value of a logical expression for each function argument. H. For each combination of values represented by the logical variables.
A truth table is a tabular representation of all possible combinations of input and corresponding output values. It is so named because it is a mathematical table showing all possible outcomes from all possible scenarios that are considered factual.
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What are the ethical implications of making a moral judgment on past actions by researchers?
The ethical implications of making a moral judgment on past actions by researchers are as follows :
Historical actions, events, and agents can elicit admiration, wonder, horror, or sympathy. It has the potential to stimulate moral judgement at times. As a result, despite the human tendency to make moral judgments about the past, some people may experience uneasiness when making retrospective moral judgments.
As a result, people may be hesitant to assign moral blame to people from the past. Reluctance to assign blame is sometimes accompanied by a willingness to judge actions as morally wrong and then conclude that certain rights of the individuals involved in the actions were violated.
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People in the United States often think of a sports car when asked to envision a fun, fast form of travel. In this example, a sports car would be considered a __________.
In this example, a sports car would be considered a prototype.
What is a prototype?A prototype is a pre-production sample, model, or release of a product that is used to test a concept or process. A prototype is typically used to examine a new design in order to increase the accuracy of analysts and system users.It is the stage between formalizing and evaluating an idea.A prototype is a mental representation that serves as the category's cognitive reference point. The prototype's most noticeable traits are the ones that come to mind first when the category is mentioned. The impacts of prototypes on categorization are known as prototype effects.As people in the United States often think of a sports car when asked to envision a fun, fast form of travel.
Therefore, in this example, a sports car would be considered a Prototype.
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Course work in biomechanics, sport psychology, and motor development is included in undergraduate programs as part of the theoretical knowledge of kinesiology.
The given statement is true; Course work in biomechanics, sport psychology, and motor development is included in undergraduate programs as part of the theoretical knowledge of kinesiology. (T/F)
What is kinesiology?The scientific study of human movement is known as kinesiology. Kinesiology examines the biomechanical, pathological, cognitive, anatomical, and physiological aspects of movement.
Some characteristics of Kinesiology are-
Kinesiologists investigate how controlling these processes can improve human health by studying the bio mechanical functions of the body. They then advise their patients to engage in practices connected to exercise.Because of this, applied kinesiology is used to treat a variety of illnesses, from digestive problems to diabetes, migraines, vertigo, osteoporosis, sports injuries, and stress. It can also treat anything that falls within the purview of the doctor's particular specialty.Energy kinesiology treats a variety of emotional pressures, including anxiety, sadness, and burnout, as well as nutrition and learning challenges, by combining muscle monitoring with energy healing.To know more about kinesiology, here
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The complete question is-
Course work in biomechanics, sport psychology, and motor development is included in undergraduate programs as part of the theoretical knowledge of kinesiology. (True/False)
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The following graph shows the market for widgets in a local hardware store.
a) identify whether the price of widgets from $8 to $7 is elastic, unit elastic, or enelastic. Explain.
b) what is the price of widgets that maximize the hardware store’s revenue? Explain.
c) The price of widget is $9. If the hardware store wants to increase its revenue, how should it change the price? Explain.
d) using the midpoint formula, calculate the price elasticity of demand for widgets when price increases from $7 to $8. Identify the coefficient as elastic, unit elastic or inelastic.
e) using the midpoint formula, calculate the price elasticity of demand for widgets when price decreases from $6 to $5. Identify the coefficient as elastic, unit elastic or inelastic.
f) based on the scenario in part E, how does the decrease in price affect the hardware store’s revenue?
From the information given, the price of widgets is price elastic. This is because a reduction in price translated to change in revenue.
What is the explanation for the above?Note that
Price of widgets= $8
Recall that
Total revenue = P*Q; thus
= 8*12
= $96
Where price is $7;
Therefore,
Total revenue(TR) is derived as;
= 7 x 16
= $112
Hence, the fall in price led to a rise in TR. This means that the demand is price elastic.
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In contrast to freud, psychoanalyst karen horney emphasized the importance of _____ in personality development.
In contrast to Freud, psychoanalyst Karen Horney emphasized the importance of human relationships in personality development.
human relationships relate to the ability to interact with others in healthy ways and form strong relationships. From an organizational manager's perspective, it includes the process of creating systems and communication channels to enable both group-employee relationships and strong one-to-one relationships.
Social and interpersonal relationships between people. Courses, studies, or programs designed to develop better adaptations between individuals and groups. Merriam-Webster details relationships.
Maslow proposed that five basic needs (physiological, safety, love, appreciation, and self-actualization) are factors that motivate employees' work values.
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In some societies guilt and innocence are determined by having a red-hot knife pressed against some part of the accused person’s body. this is an example of a(n):_________
In some societies guilt and innocence are determined by having a red-hot knife pressed against some part of the accused person’s body. this is an example of a(n) ordeal.
Trial by ordeal was a traditional legal procedure that involved putting the accused through a painful, unpleasant, and even dangerous experience in order to ascertain their guilt or innocence.
Trials by ordeal, like cruentation, were sometimes seen in mediaeval Europe as "judgements of God," similar to trials by combat. These trials were founded on the idea that God would protect the innocent by working a miracle on their behalf.
The Code of Hammurabi and the Code of Ur-Nammu both witness to the practice's considerably older roots.
In pre-modern culture, the ordeal frequently ranked alongside the oath and witness testimony as the primary method of reaching a court decision.
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Do the right thing spike lee have the power to transform political sensibilities?
"Do the right thing" was a film by directed by Spike Lee. The racial tensions that exist in the multicultural society in Brooklyn, New York, are depicted in the Spike Lee's film which has the capacity to change one's political sensibilities. This movie offers its audience a special glimpse into the racism, ideas, and difficulties that target the black community by telling the narrative from a black perspective.
Doing the right thing is harder said than done, as the title of the article suggests. Especially if you belong to an oppressed group of people and especially when no one is looking. To put it mildly, it is discriminatory to try to make ends meet and survive in a society that has advanced you only a little because of the colour of your skin.
This movie vividly depicts how racism has permeated society and serves as a sobering reminder that such prejudice is still produced by systemic mechanisms. Even though the humour in Do The Right Thing may not be to everyone's taste, Lee has expertly made an engrossing movie. This aptly captures the life of a group living under the pressure of the outside world.
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Moral ______ includes what individuals are capable of doing, what they know, their skills, their awareness of moral rules and regulations, and their cognitive ability to construct behaviors.
Moral competence includes what individuals are capable of doing, what they know, their skills, their awareness of moral rules and regulations, and their cognitive ability to construct behaviors.
What is moral competence?Moral competence is defined as the affective disposition to engage in altruistic acts as well as the ability to evaluate moral concerns logically. A five-stage moral growth paradigm is suggested. The characteristics of each stage are developed using both Western and Chinese views.Promoting moral competence in teenagers entails encouraging the development of justice judgment and selfless action. Education's purpose is to assist teenagers to develop the value of universal justice and universal love.As the definition itself says, moral competence is defined as the affective disposition to engage in altruistic acts as well as the ability to evaluate moral concerns logically.
Therefore, moral competence includes what individuals are capable of doing, what they know, their skills, their awareness of moral rules and regulations, and their cognitive ability to construct behaviors.
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To reduce workplace injuries, Dr. Gonzalez, an industrial and organizational psychologist, recommends that a manufacturing company install bright lights in a plant in which many employees work the 11 P.M. to 7 A.M. shift. As a psychologist, she knows that lights simulating morning sun will help the suprachiasmatic nucleus to reduce the _____ gland's production of the sleep-inducing hormone ______.
As a psychologist, she knows that lights simulating morning sun will help the suprachiasmatic nucleus to reduce the pineal gland's production of the sleep-inducing hormone melatonin.
What is suprachiasmatic nucleus?Suprachiasmatic nucleus is a nucleus that is found or located in the brain and this nucleus perform important function as they help to control or regulate hormones as well as how the body sleeps and wake.
Hence, As a psychologist, she knows that lights simulating morning sun will help the suprachiasmatic nucleus to reduce the pineal gland's production of the sleep-inducing hormone melatonin.
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How many ways are there to distribute six indistinguishable balls into nine distinguishable bins?
there are 3003 ways to distribute six indistinguishable balls into nine distinguishable bins using combination formula
A selection from a group of separate items is called a combination in mathematics, and the order in which the elements are chosen is irrelevant (unlike permutations). An apple and a pear, an apple and an orange, or a pear and an orange are three combinations of two fruits that can be chosen from a set of three fruits, such as an apple, an orange, and a pear. Formally speaking, a set S's k-combination is a subset of S's k unique components. Two combinations are therefore equal if and only if they have the same elements in both combinations. (It doesn't matter how each set's members are organized.)
A combination is made up of n distinct elements that are combined k at a time. The words k-selection and combinations where repetition is permitted It's common to employ k-multiset or k-combination with repetition. There would be three more 2-selections if it were possible to have two of any one type of fruit in the aforementioned example: one with two apples, one with two oranges, and one with two pears.
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who is responsible for resource planning and ensuring the animal care program goals are in alignment
The Vice Provost for Research is the person that is responsible for resource planning and ensuring the animal care program goals are in alignment.
Who is the vice provost for research?This is the person that is known to work in the senior administrative program. He is the one that has to take care of all that has to do with the care of the animals in the program. He carries out the research and also helps to administer in ways that the program goals are well aligned with the mission that this program has.
The IACUC is the body in the United States that has to take the responsibility of having to ensure that these animals are well taken care of. Hence we can say that the vice provost is the one that is responsible for resource planning and ensuring the animal care program goals are in alignment.
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Janelle gets a dollar from her mom every time she learns a song on the piano. This increases her desire to practice the piano and is an example of
Getting the dollar from her mother to increase her desire to learn is what is called positive reinforcement.
What is positive reinforcement?This is the term that is used to refer to the use of rewards as a way of getting a person to continue on a path.
With rewards her mother would use this to get her to improve and continue learning.
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Dr. Plater believes that personality is simply the sum of learned responses that have been reinforced by various external situations. Dr. Plater endorses the ________ approach to personality.
Dr. Plater endorses the (B) learning approach to personality.
What is the learning approach?Teachers utilize learning strategies, which, along with the philosophical concept, define the learning strategy, to assist pupils to absorb the knowledge in depth. Teachers bear accountability in this situation, with an emphasis on planning, processing, and methods of implementing learning.Albert Bandura developed the idea of social learning, which emphasizes the necessity of mimicking and watching others' behaviors, emotional reactions, and attitudes.For example, the cognitive technique is appropriate for learning song chords, whereas the behaviorist approach is required to perform the same chords on an instrument.Therefore, in the question above, Dr. Plater endorses the (B) learning approach to personality.
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Complete question:
Dr. Plater believes that personality is simply the sum of learned responses that have been reinforced by various external situations. Dr. Plater endorses the ________ approach to personality.
A. trait approach to personality.
B. learning
C. cognitive
D. psychodynamic
The spatial pattern of organization represents a sequence of events in the order in which they occur.
a. true
b. false
The spatial pattern of organization represents a sequence of events in the order in which they occur. false
The sequence is an abstract strategy board and card game. This sequence was invented by Doug Reuter. He originally called this game Sequence Five. He spent many years developing the concept and granting it to Jax Ltd. In June 1981, he obtained an exclusive license to manufacture, distribute, and sell his board and his Sequence and subsequent variations of the game. The game was first sold in retail stores in 1982. In 2017 he was acquired by Goliath Game Company for his Jax and also acquired all licensor rights in early 2018, and now the game he owns 100% of his sequence. Doug Reuter is credited as the inventor of all newly created copy sequences of the game, both in the box and printed rules.
A sequence is a story It refers to the ability to identify the beginning, middle, end, etc. of a particular text and to sort the events in a particular text in order of occurrence. The ability to order events in the text is a particularly important comprehension strategy for story text.
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During a well-child visit, you are providing anticipatory guidance to the parents of a toddler. Which of the following statements is accurate
A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parents of a toddler.
Steerage, particular to the age of the patient, includes information about the blessings of healthful lifestyles and practices that promote harm and disorder prevention. common examples of anticipatory guidance encompass reminding parents to have their youngsters use bicycle helmets and apply sunscreen.
Anticipatory guidance has to consist of facts about the vulnerability of babies to infectious sickness, surprising infant death syndrome, five, and shaken toddler syndrome. Born with unstable bodily capabilities inclusive of temperature control, respiration, and swallowing, the little one develops smoother functioning through the years.
Anticipatory guidance is described as proactive counseling that addresses the sizeable physical, emotional, mental, and developmental adjustments with a purpose to occur in kids at some point of the c programming language between health supervision visits. Anticipatory steering is the supplement to a hazard assessment.
disclaimer:- your question is incomplete. please read below to find the missing content.
1) developmental/behavioral assessment;
(2) bodily examination, such as dimension of boom;
(3) screening assessments and procedures; and
(4) anticipatory steering.
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Which one of the 4c’s of persuasion emphasizes that persuasive messages should often motivate, or drive, recipients to share the message with others?
Contagiousness one of the 4c’s of persuasion emphasizes that persuasive messages should often motivate, or drive, recipients to share the message with others
Emphasize sentences. To interrupt his words, he lifted her hand and placed it on his heart. He spoke louder to emphasize the next point of his speech. The chronicler emphasizes that this king was not of royal descent.
Speaking out loud at the point of a speech is an example of emphasis. Emphasize, give (some) emphasis or special weight. His two-finger gesture was emphasizing that he directed his boss in his work
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Cohen's Shatterbelt Theory predicted that armed conflict would MOST LIKELY occur in which of the following countries
Cohen's Shatterbelt Theory predicted that armed conflict would most likely occur in which of the following countries is e. South Africa
The main feature of a Shatterbelt, as described by way of Cohen, is that it presents the same gambling area to 2 or more competing global powers, operating from unique geostrategic realms. The Shabberbelts of the Nineteen Seventies – sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, are not Shatterbelts, however, the center East remains one.
The shatter belt idea can be defined as:
The international locations like Ukraine, Turkey, Syria, Korea, and the center East belong to the shelterbelt regions.these components are characterized by the cultural-political conflicts and involvement of the defense force.The Sub-Saharan and South African regions are taken into consideration as the shelterbelt vicinity.The question is incomplete. Please read below to find the missing content.
Cohen's Shatterbelt Theory predicted that armed conflict would MOST likely occur in which of the following countries?
a.france
b. Hungary
c. Norway
d. Spain
e. South Africa
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In interpreting the Denver Developmental Screening Test, average refers to skills exhibited by ________ percent of all children at a given age.
In interpreting the Denver Developmental Screening Test, average refers to skills exhibited by 50 percent of all children at a given age. Basic screening to assess infant's general health and development
Principles of infant development:
Development is systematic and orderly. It is predictable and directional—cephalocaudal—development from head to toe (they learn to move their head before they learn to walk, they learn to move their hands before they learn to move their toes, and proximal-distal—from the middle outward—learn to move their hands before they learn to move their fingers.) Development becomes more differentiated—specialized; it shifts from being all the same to being more specific. Development is becoming more integrated and complex. Children are capable of meeting developmental skills; we do not need to teach them how to use a pinsor grasp. New skills predominate—they don't forget what they learn.
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In a partnership, the type of partner that is responsible for all claims against the company is called a(n) ________.
In a partnership, the type of partner that is responsible for all claims against the company is called a(n) GENERAL PARTNER.
A partnership is an agreement between two or more people to oversee the business and share the profits and debts of the business. In a partnership, all members share in the profits and liabilities. Professionals such as doctors and lawyers often form a limited liability company. There may be a tax advantage for a partnership over a corporation.
1] Active partner / managing partner
Active partner is also known as an external partner. As the name suggests, he is actively engaged in business and business management. He manages the day-to-day business on behalf of all partners. This means that he acts as an agent for all other associates on a daily basis and for all day-to-day business of the company.
2] hibernating / dozing partner
This is a partner who does not participate in the day-to-day operations of the associated enterprise, i.e. he does not actively participate in the day-to-day operations of the 'company. However, he is bound by the actions of all other partners.
3] Nominal partner
This is a partner with no real or significant interest in the partnership. So, in essence, he just lent his name to the partnership. He will not make any contribution to the capital of the company and therefore will not participate in profits either. However, the nominal partner will be liable to foreigners and third parties for acts performed by other partners.
4) Affiliated by estoppel
If a person declares to another that he is a partner in the enterprise, either by his word, by his actions or by his conduct, that partner cannot be denied admit that he is not a partner. This basically means that even if such a person is not a partner, he represents himself as such, and thus becomes an estoppel partner or partner by standing.
5] Affiliate only in profits
This affiliate will only share in the profits of the business, he will not be responsible for any debts. Even when dealing with a third party, he will only be responsible for any profit acts, he will not share any responsibility.
6] Minor partners
A minor cannot be a partner of a company under contract law. However, one partner may be admitted to the benefits of the partnership if all partners agree. He will share in the profits of the business but his liability for losses will be limited to his share of the business.
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Cedric slipped and cut his finger. the cut bled, but did not penetrate to the subcutaneous layer. the deepest layer penetrated was the:_________
The deepest layer Cedric cut was the dermis.
What layers make up the skin?The skin is the largest organ in the body whose main function is to protect the body from external factors such as bacteria, chemicals and temperature.
The skin is made up of different layers, a basic classification of the skin layers divides it between: Epidermis, dermis and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).
In the case of the epidermis, it is the outer layer of the skin that protects the inner layers from the outside. Additionally, it has cells that allow it to waterproof the skin, strengthen it, pigment it, have a sense of touch and provide immunity to the body.
In the case of the dermis there are sensory receptors to receive stimulation from the outside world and react to pressure, pain and temperature. You can also see the blood vessels that supply the skin with needed nutrients and remove waste.
Finally, the hypodermis is the deepest layer of the skin, there are the fat cells, or adipose tissue, that insulate the body and help it conserve heat.
According to the above, Cedric cut his finger to the dermis because blood came out and the blood vessels are there.
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From an anthropological perspective, the main reason Wall Street banks are not the bastions of individualism and cold rationalism many think they are is that
Many Anthropologist think that personal relationships and local knowledge are critical to successful transactions.
What is anthropological perspective?Anthropological Perspective focuses on the study of the full scope of human diversity and the. application of that knowledge to help people of different backgrounds. Some of the aspects of the. Anthropological Perspective are culture, cultural relativism, fieldwork, human diversity, holism, biocultural focus.For example, a cultural anthropologist studying the meaning of marriage in a small village in India might consider local gender norms, existing family networks, laws regarding marriage, religious rules, and economic factorsThe principle or habit of or belief in independent thought or action. the pursuit of individual rather than common or collective interests; egoism. individual character; individuality. an individual peculiarity.
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.
_____ is a threat to internal validity stemming from either long-term or short-term physiological changes occurring within the participants that may influence the dependent variable.
Maturation is a threat to internal validity stemming from either long-term or short-term physiological changes occurring within the participants that may influence the dependent variable.
What are physiological changes?Ageing causes physiological changes in all organ systems. Arteriosclerosis develops, blood pressure rises, and cardiac output declines. Lung function is compromised, vital capacity is reduced, and expiratory flow rates are slowed.
Pregnancy causes a number of physiological changes in the mother, such as an increase in fat and total body water, a drop in plasma protein concentrations, particularly albumin, an increase in blood volume, cardiac output, and blood flow to the kidneys, and a decrease in blood pressure.
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An example of a ________ would be maquiladoras, mostly found in northern Mexico, where workers may sew imported pre-cut pieces of fabric into garments. The pieces of fabric may have been sourced from another country or countries, with the final point of sale another country such as the United States.
An example of a global commodity chain would be maquiladoras, mostly found in northern Mexico, where workers may sew imported pre-cut pieces of fabric into garments. The pieces of fabric may have been sourced from another country or countries, with the final point of sale in another country such as the United States. This is further explained below.
What is a global commodity chain?Generally, An globally connected process of economic relationships between firms and labor involves the gathering of commodities, the transformation of those commodities into other products and services, and the distribution of those goods and services to customers all over the globe.
In conclusion, An example of a global commodity chain would be maquiladoras, largely situated in northern Mexico, where employees may weave imported pre-cut pieces of cloth into outfits. The pieces of fabric may have been supplied from another nation or country, with the ultimate point of sale to another country such as the United States.
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When individuals engage in a behavior for some external payoff or to avoid a punishment, they:____.
When individuals engage in a behavior for some external payoff or to avoid punishment, they: extrinsic motivation
This is further explained below.
What is extrinsic motivation?Generally, When people participate in activities with the purpose of obtaining some kind of external compensation or to avoid being punished, they: the inspiration that comes from outside of oneself
In conclusion, Extrinsic motivation is characterized as an incentive to engage in an activity based on achieving an external objective, winning a competition, gaining acclaim and approval, or obtaining a prize or cash.
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Ethnicity and race rarely contribute to perceived effects of cultural differences on communication. Is this statement true or false?
False is the correct answer.
False is the correct answer because Race and Ethnicity significantly affect how people communicate differently.
Ethnicity and race contribution in communication-From being focused on ancestry and familial relationships to theorists classifying races based on geographic region, ethnicity, skin color, and a wide range of other variables, the concept of race has varied across cultures and eras.Their labels reflected these presumptions; for instance, people might be grouped according to area (e.g., Chinese or German) or skin tone (e.g., black or white).The term "ethnicity" refers to a group's shared culture, which includes its customs, principles, and worldview.A shared language, religion, and traditions are only a few examples of common cultural components.Ethnicity is a complicated notion that has evolved over time, much like race. Individuals may identify with or self-identify with ethnicities in diverse, sometimes contradictory ways, just like they can with races.The "white" racial grouping, for instance, typically includes people who are Irish, Italian-American, or Russian in terms of ethnicity.In contrast, members of the English ethnic group come from a wide range of racial backgrounds, including black, white, Asian, and various racial mixtures.These illustrations show how these identifying terms are complex and frequently overlap.Ethnicity, like race, is still used by people and institutions to identify themselves today whether through the census, affirmative action programs, anti-discrimination laws, or ordinary encounters.
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