mendelian genetics probability pedigrees and chi-square statistics answers
Mendelian genetics is the study of the inherited traits and how they are passed down from generation to generation.
What is mendelian genetics probability pedigrees and chi-square statistics?Basic principles of Mendelian genetics were discovered by Gregor Mendel. These principles include laws of segregation and independent assortment, which state that alleles of a gene separate during formation of gametes and are inherited independently of other genes.
Probability is used to predict the likelihood of a certain outcome in Mendelian genetics.
Pedigrees are diagrams that are used to track inheritance of a trait within a family. Pedigrees can be used to identify patterns of inheritance and also to diagnose genetic disorders.
Chi-square statistics is a method used to test if the observed data fits certain pattern of inheritance. It compares observed data to the expected data based on Mendelian ratios and calculates chi-square value.
To know more about Mendelian genetics, refer
https://brainly.com/question/16365850
#SPJ4
T/F Homologous chromosomes usually have the same arrangement of genes along their length.
Answer:TRUE
Explanation:
What is a bone tumor called?
A bone tumor called Osteosarcoma.
The most typical variety of bone cancer is called osteosarcoma. The tumor in question has malignant cells that make bone. This specific type of cancer of the bones most frequently affects adolescents and young people, and manifests itself in the limb or arm bone. In extremely unusual instances, osteosarcomas can develop in locations other than the bones.
Bone is produced by the malignant cells that make up this tumor. The bones of the leg or arm are the most common sites affected by this form of bone cancer, which most frequently affects children and young people. Osteosarcomas can develop in locations other than bones, but this is an extremely uncommon occurrence.
You can also learn about osteosarcoma from the following question:
https://brainly.com/question/28290343
#SPJ4
multicellular eukaryotes that live all over the planet and consume food
Animals are multicellular eukaryotes that live all over the planet and consume food.
They are heterotrophic organisms, meaning that they obtain energy and nutrients from other organisms, as opposed to autotrophic organisms like plants that produce their own food through photosynthesis. Animals can be found in a wide variety of habitats and exhibit diverse behaviors and life cycles.
Kingdom All animals are part of the Animalia. Of the five kingdoms, the animal kingdom is the largest. Multicellular eukaryotes like animals are. They lack a cell wall and chlorophyll, nevertheless, just like plants. In light of this, animals display a heterotrophic style of nutrition.
The most developed kingdom, Animalia, is made up of two significant subgroups: vertebrates and invertebrates. These creatures have many cells, are heterotrophic eukaryotes, have aerobic respiration, and sexual reproduction, and can move.
The complete question is:-
multicellular eukaryotes that live all over the planet and consume food are ______
To learn more about multicellular eukaryotes, refer:-
https://brainly.com/question/12443741
#SPJ4
A neutron is a subatomic particle found in the nucleus of every atom except that of simple hydrogen. The particle derives its name from the fact that it has no electrical charge; it is neutral. Neutrons are extremely dense
Protons and neutrons are the only elements in the nucleus. There are no electrons in it. These are outside the nucleus and negatively charged.
The only stable atom that lacks neutrons is one. Protium is the name of the hydrogen isotope in question. The simplest atom is protium, which has a single proton and a single electron. Neutrons are present in some quantity in all other stable atoms. Neutrons are neutrally charged, whereas protons have a positive charge. They are not of opposing charges as a result. Atomic nuclei are surrounded by neutrons. Along with protons and electrons, neutrons are among the atomic nuclei's fundamental building blocks. Every atom's nucleus, with the exception of hydrogen, contains neutrons.
To learn more about nucleus click here https://brainly.com/question/17704494
#SPJ4
Closing mines has no economic impact on communities.truefalse
The passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next generation?
Heredity is a biological process that includes the transmission of genetic information from parents to children. The genetic information is in the form of genes, which are passed down from parents to children via asexual and sexual reproduction.
A gene is the most fundamental physical and functional element of heredity. Genes carry the genetic instructions or nucleotide base sequences required for the creation of various proteins. As a result, genes are expressed in the form of proteins in children to develop genotypic and phenotypic features comparable to the parent. This demonstrates that heredity is the transmission of genetic instructions from one generation to the next.
Learn more about genetic instructions
https://brainly.com/question/29549946
#SPJ4
small hairlike projections that cover the cell’s surface
Flagella and cilia. The mobile, hair-like protrusions of a cell surface known as cilia and flagella are. They either cause movements in the cell to that they are connected or current flow in the surrounding fluid. Single primary cilia that are not mobile and multiple mobile cilia are the two different types of cilia.
The best-known function of cilia, tail-like protrusions just on surface of cells, is probably as microscopic flippers that facilitate cell movement. Researchers at Johns Hopkins University and their associates have discovered a previously unknown function for cilia, which are microscopic hair-like cell structures: They aid in developing our touch. To move a whole cell, including a sperm, flagella (plural, position in order) are long, hair-like projections that protrude from the cell surface. A cell typically has one or a small number of flagella, if any. There are two types of hair-like structures that protrude from the surface of some cells in your body: microvilli and cilia. The cellular membrane contains minute protrusions called microvilli. Definition: Cilia are projections that resemble hairs and emerge from the apical surface.
Learn more about cell
https://brainly.com/question/29276890
#SPJ4
the working units of the kidneys are called?
the fetal skeleton is made of cartilage and eventually turns to bone ossification. given what you know about bone cells how do you think this occurs
Answer:
Explanation:after cremated
Which is the primary source of stem thickening in plants? A. vascular cambium B. xylem C. internal phloem
Answer:
(c) Vascular Cambium
Explanation:
The primary source of stem thickening in plants is the vascular cambium. The vascular cambium is the type of cell involved in secondary growth of a plant, which is when the plant grows wider. This type of cell is found in the stems of plants, and it divides and creates new cells, causing the stem to grow thicker as new cells are added. You can see recorded evidence of this type of growth when you look at the rings of trees. Each ring represents a growing season, where the tree added girth as well as height. Thicker rings indicate better growing seasons because the vascular cambium had access to enough energy to divide more frequently.
nutrients absorbed into tiny capillaries and lymph vessels in walls.T/F
True. Nutrients are absorbed into the tiny capillaries and lymph vessels located in the walls of the small intestine.
These tiny vessels are responsible for transporting nutrients from the small intestine to the rest of the body.
The walls of the capillaries and lymph vessels are lined with special cells that absorb the nutrients, allowing them to be transported to the organs and tissues that need them.The small intestine is the primary organ responsible for the absorption of nutrients from the food we eat.
It is a hollow tube about six meters long and is divided into three sections: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Each section of the small intestine has a specialized role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. The duodenum is the shortest section, and it is where most nutrient absorption occurs.
Learn more about The small intestine:
https://brainly.com/question/392615
#SPJ4
Which cellular process removes carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere?
Photosynthesis is the cellular process which removes the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Photosynthesis can be defined as a process by virtue of which a plant produces its own food. Sunlight, water and the carbon dioxide gas are the major requirements for photosynthesis to occur.
This process causes the formation of the sugar, glucose which is stored in the plant body itself in the form of starch. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the gas which the plants take in and the gas which they emit out as a product of photosynthesis is oxygen (O₂). Therefore, photosynthesis helps remove the carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere.
To know more about photosynthesis here
https://brainly.com/question/13261372
#SPJ4
Which of the choices is the diffusible extracellular element in the process of vulval cell differentiation in C. elegans?
(a) the Notch receptor
(b) the EGF receptor
(c) the EGF ligand
(d) the Notch ligand
The EGF ligand is the diffusible extracellular element in the process of vulval cell differentiation in C. elegans.
All EGF ligands are synthesized as type 1 transmembrane precursors that undergo cleavage of the extracellular domain to release a soluble ligand that then binds and activates EGFR. This cleavage event is typically mediated by members of the α-disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) family.
Upon ligand binding to the extracellular domain of EGFR, its transmembrane domain rotates or twists parallel to the plane of the cell membrane, resulting in the reorientation of the intracellular kinase domain dimer from a symmetrical inactive conformation to an asymmetrical active conformation. (“rotation model”).
EGFR plays a critical role in the initiation of signaling that controls the behavior of epithelial-derived epithelial cells and tumors. Human EGF is a 53 amino acid polypeptide with a molecular weight of 6 kDa. EGF can stimulate cell proliferation and cell differentiation by binding to its receptor, her EGFR.
For more information on EGF ligands , visit :
https://brainly.com/question/30288970
#SPJ4
O
vodex
10
Which of the items comes from decaying
organisms once buried under sediment and
water on the sea floor?
A. Gasoline
B. Volcano
C. Water
D) Coal
The remnants or evidence of extinct plants and animals that have been preserved in rocks are called fossils.
What forms after a living thing dies and gets buried by layers of sediment?Although there are many various ways that fossils might form, the majority occur when a living thing (such as an animal or plant) dies and is swiftly buried by silt (such as mud, sand or volcanic ash).
The remnants or evidence of extinct plants and animals that have been preserved in rocks are called fossils. They often consist of the sturdy animal or plant parts or rot-resistant structures.
Sediment is converted into sedimentary rocks through lithification after it has been deposited and buried. The term "diagenesis" refers to all physical, chemical, and biological processes that take place on the sediment in order to lithify it into a hard sedimentary rock.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A. Gasoline.
To learn more about sediment refer to:
brainly.com/question/7437433
#SPJ1
during prophase 1 chromosomes from each parent pair up based on similarity
During prophase 1 chromosomes from each parent pair up based on similarity of alles.
A DNA sequence weather having a single base or a segment of bases) at a certain genomic region might have two or more variations, each of which is referred to as an allele. For every genomic region with such variation, an individual inherits two alleles, one from each parent.
A chromosome is a lengthy DNA molecule that contains all or a portion of an organism's genetic code. The very long, thin DNA fibres in most chromosomes are covered with packing proteins; in eukaryotes, the histones are among the most significant of these proteins.
To learn more about chromosome here
brainly.com/question/1596925
#SPJ4
What did fossils teach us about whales
Answer: The fossils help reveal the whale's deep history, from extinct species that originally lived on land to today's cetaceans. And by knowing their past we can help ensure that these magnificent creatures survive the many threats they face in today's world.
Answer:
It taught us about there ancestry and there evolution. Gigantic whale fossils from a prehistoric species know as, "Basilosaurus," were mistaken for dinosaur fossils, but were later recognized as animals. These creature were no elogated than whales today, and had short back legs and front flippers.
Explanation:
Hope it helps! =D
Under Which type of selection do organisms in the middle of the curve have the highest fitness?
When those around the curve's center are fitter than people on either end, stabilizing selection takes place.
Other than the fact that the most typical person is chosen, there is no common cause of stabilizing selection. In this sense, the enhanced fitness and reproductive success of the median individuals is the cause of stabilizing selection, just like it is for all other types of selection.
When the intermediate or most prevalent phenotype is preferred, stabilizing selection takes place. Over time, this kind of selection has a tendency to reduce the phenotypic variance. Because it relates to how an organism adapts to its environment, this sort of selection is the most prevalent.
To learn more about stabilizing selection
https://brainly.com/question/30277865
#SPJ4
Reproductive cloning is the process of creating a new organism with the exact same dna as an existing organism using biotechnology.
Cloning, as used in biology, is the asexual reproduction of organisms like bacteria, insects, or plants that results in similar populations of genetically identical individuals.
In biotechnology, the term "cloning" describes procedures used to replicate DNA strands, cells, or entire organisms.
The technique of creating several molecules is referred to as molecular cloning. Cloning can be used to amplify any DNA sequence, including promoters, non-coding regions, and randomly fragmented DNA, in addition to amplifying DNA fragments that contain entire genes. It is utilized in a variety of biological studies and real-world situations, including genetic fingerprinting and mass protein manufacturing.
To know more about Cloning
https://brainly.com/question/28829059
#SPJ4
What are the 2 main ways to introduce variation into an organism that occur during the process of meiosis?
The 2 main ways through which variation can be introduced into an organism during the meiosis is: crossing over during Meiosis I and random orientation of sister chromatids during Meiosis II.
Meiosis is the process of cell division where a cell divides to form 4 daughter cells. This process is accomplishes in 2 stages: meiosis I and meiosis II. Each stage has 4 following phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Crossing over is the process that occurs in the Pachytene stage of the Prophase I of Meiosis. It is the exchange of genetic material between the non-sister chromatids of the 2 homologous chromosomes. This gives rise to recombinants.
To know more about crossing over, here
brainly.com/question/27256451
#SPJ4
the photosynthetic rate of aquatic plants in a test tube can be determined by collecting and measuring the amount of oxygen that gasses out of the water. if bicarbonate, the source of co2 for aquatic plants, is added to the water, the rate of oxygen production increases. if co2 is fixed by the calvin cycle, but oxygen is evolved by the light reactions, how can an increase in the co2 supply increase the rate of oxygen evolution.
An increase in CO2 supply allows for an increase in the rate of carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle, which leads to an increase in the rate of the light reactions and oxygen evolution.
The photosynthetic rate of aquatic plants can be determined by measuring the amount of oxygen that evolves from the water. The addition of bicarbonate, a source of CO2 for aquatic plants, increases the rate of oxygen production. This is because CO2 is fixed by the Calvin cycle, which is connected to the light reactions that produce oxygen.
An increase in the CO2 supply allows for an increase in the rate of carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle, which leads to an increase in the rate of the light reactions and therefore an increase in the rate of oxygen evolution. In summary, an increase in CO2 supply leads to increase in the rate of carbon fixation which leads to an increase in the rate of oxygen evolution.
To learn more about carbon fixation visit: https://brainly.com/question/10855453
#SPJ4
cells surrounding stomata that, through osmosis, regulate the openings and closings of the stomata called
Cells surrounding stomata that, through osmosis, regulate the openings and closings of the stomata are called guard cells.
Guard cells are specialized cells that surround the stomata, which are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for the exchange of gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen.
The guard cells regulate the size of the stomata by changing their shape through the process of osmosis. When the guard cells absorb water, they swell and cause the stomatal pore to open. When the guard cells lose water, they shrink and cause the stomatal pore to close.
The regulation of the stomatal aperture is essential for plants' survival as it helps the plants to balance their water loss and CO2 uptake. The guard cells are also responsible for adjusting the opening and closing of the stomata in response to environmental conditions such as light, temperature, and humidity.
To learn more about guard cells
https://brainly.com/question/23382759
#SPJ4
congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium
Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE) is an eye disorder that is characterized by a lesion of the RPE in the macula. This lesion may affect both eyes, but it can also affect only one eye.
This lesion appears as a flat, round, and darker-than-normal area on the retina. The exact cause of this disorder is not known, but it is thought to be caused by a genetic mutation. Symptoms of CHRPE include decreased vision, diminished contrast sensitivity, and difficulty reading.
Treatment options include laser therapy, photodynamic therapy, oral medications, and in more serious cases, retinal surgery. In most cases, CHRPE is a benign condition; however, it may increase the risk of certain types of eye cancer. Therefore, it is important to have regular eye exams to monitor for any changes.
Learn more about genetic mutation visit:
https://brainly.com/question/4735157
#SPJ4
This diagram shows the layers of the geosphere, one of Earth’s spheres. Which layer interacts the most with the rest of Earth’s spheres? Identify the layer by letter and by name, and describe two ways that it interacts with another of Earth’s spheres.
A
B
C
D
The layer A i.e., crust interacts the most with the rest of Earth’s spheres. Here, A is crust, B is upper mantle, C is mantle and D is core.
What are the layers of earth?The crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core are the four principal parts that make up the earth's structure.
Each layer has a distinct chemical make-up, physical state, and potential to affect life on the surface of the Earth.
The crust, mantle, and core are the three layers that make up the earth. This stratum of the earth lies on the surface and is composed primarily of granite and basalt solid rock.
Oceanic and continental crust are the two different types. The majority of the oceanic crust is made of basalt and is denser and thinner.
The layer A, or crust, interacts with the other spheres of Earth the most. C is the mantle, D is the core, and A is the crust.
Thus, these are the layer by letter and by name.
For more details regarding layers of Earth, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/18696113
#SPJ1
Your question seems incomplete, the missing imag is:
what is it called when you have two different colored eyes
Which of the following statements is false with regard to Emergency Department Service codes?
a. A distinction is made between new and established patients.
b. An emergency department is an organized hospital-based facility.
c. The emergency department must be available 24 hours a day.
d. Codes 99281-99285 report emergency department services
With respect to emergency room service codes, the following statement—that a differentiation is made among new and existing patients—is untrue.
Since ED services are frequently offered with varied intensity, frequently including repeated meetings with numerous patients over a long period of time, time is not a diagnostic factor for the ED level of E/M services. The initial medical care code, 99221–99223, are really for "the patient's first hospital inpatient visit with the admitting physician," according to CPT. Initial inpatient consultations or later hospital care codes (99231-99233) should be used to report initial inpatient interactions by other doctors. Many E/M codes combine patient history, examination, & medical decision-making, such as those for inpatient treatment and home visits (MDM). The three main criteria for choosing an E/M level are known as history, exam, & MDM (HEM).
Learn more about codes
https://brainly.com/question/9107826
#SPJ4
the fluid portion of a cell's aqueous (water-based) contents between the plasma membrane and nuclear membrane is called
The cytoplasm, which is composed of water, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, inorganic salts, and other substances, is the gel-like material encased within the cell membrane.
The cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance that lies between the nuclear membrane and the plasma membrane. In a membrane bilayer, the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipids face outward, making contact with the aqueous (watery) fluid both inside and outside the cell.
Cytoplasm, also known as the nonnuclear content of protoplasm, is the semifluid component of a cell that is both internal to and exterior to the nuclear membrane. All of the organelles in eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus) are found in the cytoplasm.
Learn more about plasma visit: brainly.com/question/950535
#SPJ4
which heart valve regulates blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta?
It connects the left ventricle to the aorta. Allows blood to flow from the left ventricle of the heart through the aorta and into the body. Prevents blood from flowing backward from the aorta into the left ventricle.
The aortic valve is a valve positioned between the left ventricle and the aorta in the heart of humans and most other animals. It is one of four heart valves and one of two semilunar valves, the other being the pulmonary valve.
The aortic valve generally contains three cusps or leaflets, however in 1-2% of the population, only two leaflets are present at birth. The aortic valve is the last component in the heart through which blood flows before it is stopped in the systemic circulation.
Learn more about aortic valve
https://brainly.com/question/4692083
#SPJ4
which joints allow the arytenoid cartilages to rock anteriorly,posteriorly, medially, and laterally, enabling the vocal folds to abduct?
The cricoarytenoid joints are the only joints in the larynx that allow the arytenoid cartilages to move anteriorly, posteriorly, medially, and laterally.
These movements enable the vocal folds to abduct, which is the process of separating the vocal folds from each other to produce a wider opening for air to pass through.
The cricoarytenoid joints are the only joints in the larynx that allow for this motion, meaning they are essential in enabling the vocal folds to abduct.
This motion of the arytenoid cartilages is crucial for the production of speech, as the abduction of the vocal folds produces changes in the vocal tract that allow for the production of different sounds. Therefore, the cricoarytenoid joints are essential in allowing us to produce the range of sounds necessary for normal speech.
Learn more about The cricoarytenoid joints:
https://brainly.com/question/14276064
#SPJ4
What methods are used to measure net and gross primary production?
Answer: Both gross and net primary production are typically expressed in units of mass per unit area per unit time interval. In terrestrial ecosystems, mass of carbon per unit area per year (g C m−2 yr−1) is most often used as the unit of measurement.