The continuous, low-level extinction of species is referred to as mass extinction.
A widespread and quick decline in the diversity of life on Earth is known as an extinction event. A sudden shift in the diversity and abundance of multicellular creatures serves as a telltale sign of such an occurrence. It happens when the rate of diversification outpaces the rate of extinction.A mass extinction event occurs when a species disappears far more quickly than it is replaced. This is typically understood as the loss of almost 75% of all species over a "short" period of geological time, or fewer than 2.8 million years.The Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction, sometimes known as the day the dinosaurs died, is the most well-known of all the mass extinction events.
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Retrieve your animal tissue specimens. If you have an Edmentum lab kit, your specimens are frog skin, human cardiac (heart) muscle, and human red blood cells. As you did with the protist slide, start with the lowest magnification and record what you see. Identify the structure of the tissue and whether you can see any individual cells and cell structures. Repeat with the next two magnification settings. In the answer space, write down what you observed for each sample under each magnification.
Some of the things observed when a human red blood cell is placed under a microscope are:
They have a donut shapeThey look like biconcave discsThe presence and/or absence of a nucleusWhat is a Microscope?This refers to the lab tool that is used to view very small objects in detail to find out their properties.
Hence, we can see that although your question is incomplete, a general idea of things that can be observed when a human red blood cell is placed under a microscope was discussed.
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Cytotoxins induce:___.
a. the creation of peptide fragments
b. perforations in the cell membrane
c. cell division
d. apoptosis
Cytotoxins induce perforations in the cell membrane and apoptosis. So the correct option is (b) and (d).
By releasing two different types of preformed cytotoxic proteins—the pore-forming protein perforin, which creates holes in the target cell's membrane so the granzymes can enter, and the granzymes, which appear to be able to induce apoptosis in any type of target cell—cytotoxic CD8 T cells kill their target cells.
Particularly, the production of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma by cytotoxic T cells promotes macrophage activation. Infected cells are attacked and eliminated by macrophages, which also stop uncontrolled cell proliferation like tumours.
Therefore, Cytotoxins induce perforations in the cell membrane and apoptosis. So the correct option is (b) and (d).
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The reduction of blood volume occurs following severe dehydration and hemorrhage; however, although dehydration results in an increase in hematocrit, immediately following hemorrhage hematocrit is unchanged. Explain this difference.
During bleeding, both formed elements (platelets, white blood cells, red blood cells) and plasma are lost from the circulatory system. They are lost proportionally, so initially there is no change in hematocrit.
Hematocrit is the percentage of the blood volume made up of elements (Hct = cell volume/blood volume). During dehydration, only water and electrolytes are lost, and the number of cells remains constant - the same number of cells in a smaller volume leads to an increase in hematocrit. When the body tries to restore blood volume, the first thing to recirculate is water from the ECF and this increases the amount of water without increasing the amount of red blood cells, so the compensatory mechanism causes the hematocrit to fall.
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States of tension or arousal that arise from a biological need and are unlearned are called _____
States of tension or a rousal that arise from a biological need and are unlearned are called drive.
An unlearned, or primal, drive is a state of tension (arousal) that results from the disruption of an organism's homeostatic condition. Food can be consumed to lessen a hunger drive, which is an a roused state brought on by hunger. Driving less leads to the restoration of equilibrium. Therefore, drives can be viewed as the result of a physiological requirement that an organism is compelled to lessen or eradicate. Learning theorist Clark Hull created an equation to demonstrate the connection between motivation and learning. It is the intensity of a person's need determines the intensity of their drive
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What is the final electron acceptor of the series of re-dox reactions that are facilitated by the electron transport chain in mitochondria?
In electron transport chain (ETC) , Complex IV, also known as cytochrome c oxidase, oxidises cytochrome c and delivers the electrons to oxygen, the final electron carrier in mitochondria.
The electrons in the electron transport chain (ETC) pass through a chain of proteins that raises its reduction potential and results in an energy release. A proton gradient is produced by pumping hydrogen ions (H+) from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, with the majority of this energy being lost as heat in mitochondria .
This gradient generates an electrical difference with a positive charge outside and a negative charge inside, increasing the acidity.
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Glycolysis requires an initial energy investment, which allows for the production of relatively larger quantities of atp during?
Glycolysis requires an initial energy investment, which allows for the production of relatively larger quantities of ATP during Substrate-level phosphorylation
The process of glycolysis starts with a single glucose molecule, which has a six-carbon ring structure, and finishes with two molecules of pyruvate, a three-carbon sugar. Two separate phases of glycolysis exist. Energy is utilized to alter the first step of the glycolysis process so that the six-carbon sugar molecule can divide equally into two three-carbon pyruvate molecules. ATP and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NADH) are created during the second phase of glycolysis.Substrate-level phosphorylation is the direct transfer of a high-energy phosphate group from a phosphorylated intermediate metabolic molecule in an exergonic catabolic pathway, which results in the generation of ATP from ADP.learn more about glycolysis here:
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Which innate immune system component uses mhc class i molecules directly in its defense strategy?
Natural killer cells are identify as a intracellular infection,especially from viruses, by the altered expression of major histocompatibility class (MHC) I molecule on the surface of infected cells.
Theses cells is a type of white blood cells. They are also called as natural killer . A blood stem cells goes through several stages to became a red blood cells, platelets, or white blood cells.
These Natural killer cells are innate immune cells which shows strong cytologist function against physiologically stressed cells such as tumor and virus infected cells.They are first line of defense against tumor and diverse range of pathogens. Work as a primary defect in human body.
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The invention that led to the widespread transport of livestock was the railroad system.
True
False
Answer:
false
Explanation:
Barbed wire had a major impact on the cattle industry of the Western U.S so many farmers used barbed wire.
A laboratory technologist has identified a new type of protist. This protist is heterotrophic, but it also appears to extend threadlike structures into its environment. How could the technologist classify this protist
This protist can be classified as either an animal-like or fungus-like protist.
What are protists?The Kingdom Protista consists of eukaryotic protists.Members of this very diverse kingdom are typically unicellular and less complex in structure than other eukaryotes.Some protists are non-motile, others exhibit locomotion through different methods (flagella or cilia).These may be photosynthetic or heterotrophic.These organisms are often described based on their similarities to the other groups of eukaryotes: animals, plants, and fungi.The observed protist is heterotrophic which is an animal or fungus-like character. And it appears to extend threadlike structures just like the hyphae of a fungus. Therefore, this protist can be classified as either an animal-like or fungus-like protist.Learn more about protists here:
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How much faster than normal extinction have humans caused extinction rates to climb?
Which of the following characteristics can distinguish bacterial cells from cells in the other domains of life
The characteristic that can distinguish bacterial cells from cells in the other domains of life is that only bacterial cells have peptidoglycan cell wells.
What is the major difference between a bacterial cell and the cells of other organisms?
Animal and plant cells are different from bacterial cells in a number of ways. One key distinction is that, unlike plant and animal cells, bacterial cells lack internal organelles including mitochondria, chloroplasts, and a nucleus.
Bacteria can be categorised according to their morphology, such as bacilli (rod-shaped), cocci (sphere-shaped), and spirilli (spirals). In that they have cytoplasm, ribosomes, and a plasma membrane, bacteria resemble eukaryotic cells. A bacterial cell can be distinguished from a eukaryotic cell by its circular nucleoid DNA, absence of membrane-bound organelles, peptidoglycan cell wall, and flagella.
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In respect to hemoglobin, how would you suspect that carbon monoxide leads to hypoxic tissue injuries and eventually death?
Inhaling carbon monoxide replaces some of the regular oxygen intake as it passes through the lungs.
When carbon monoxide interacts and binds with hemoglobin in the blood to generate carboxyhemoglobin, carbon monoxide poisoning ensues (COHb). Less oxygen is transferred to bodily tissues and key organs including the brain and heart when carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin.Inhaling carbon monoxide replaces some of the regular oxygen intake as it passes through the lungs. Due to its stronger affinity for hemoglobin, carbon monoxide is replace oxygen on the protein. When important organs like the brain or heart are affected by hypoxia, which is caused by less oxygen reaching your tissues, this results in death.learn more about carbon monoxide here: https://brainly.com/question/21499818
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Select the reasons that farmers typically only specialize in one breed.
homogeneous housing
familiarity with the breed
business efficiency
standardized food supplies
lack of training
time demands
personal preference
Question 1: What happens if you casually introduce something through your retine.
Retine is something seen in animal cells that restricts growth and cell division.
What is retina for eyes?The retina contains millions of light-sensitive cells (rods and cones) and other nerve cells that accept and organize visual information. Your retina sends this information to your brain via your optic nerve, enabling you to see.
What causes retina injury?Retinal damage is one of most common ailments of the eyes. The most common causes of retina injury are those related to old age, light damage or trauma. Retinal conditions can damage this vital tissue. They can affect your vision, and some can be severe enough to cause blindness
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Which molecule will undergo only london dispersion forces when interacting with other molecules of the same kind?.
Butane, C₄H₁₀ will undergo only London dispersion forces when interacting with other molecules of the same kind.
London dispersion force:
The weakest intermolecular force is called the London dispersion force.When the electrons in two nearby atoms occupy positions that cause the atoms to temporarily form dipoles, the resulting transient attractive attraction is known as the London dispersion force. There are instances when this force is referred to as an induced dipole-induced dipole attraction.Butane molecules only exhibit London dispersion forces because they are non-polar and have a symmetrical distribution of electron density.
Butane:
It is a covalent non-polar molecule. Every C-C and C-H bond is non-polar. This is because there is little or no electronegativity difference between C and C in C-C bonds and none between C and H in C-H bonds.Learn more about the London dispersion force here,
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A water molecule has the ability to form up to _____ hydrogen bonds with other water molecules
Answer:
A water moecule has the ability to form up to oxygen atoms and hydrogen bonds with other water molecules.
Two strains of e. coli—one of which can turn on its lactase production and one that cannot—are grown together with lactose in the medium. if all other conditions are equal, what will occur?
E.coil bacteria is belong to family of Enterobacteriaceae . Its live in the environment with or without oxygen.They also present in the intestine of healthy person and warm blooded animals.
The quantity of lactate produce by pathogenic E-coli was significantly higher than produced by non -E-coli.These enzymes were produced by lactose but represent by glucose and galactose.
E-coli used as disaccharide lactose as source of metabolic energy.Fermentation of lactose , glucose and galactose using E-coli bacteria.And lactose is produced by bacteria living in the intestinal tract of animals .It is an energy source and E-coli use use glucose as an energy source.
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A malignant lesion of the forehead measuring 1.0 cm was removed. The operative report states skin margins are 1.1 cm on all sides. Layered closure of 3.5 cm was performed. How is this coded
The code is 11644 and 12052-51.
What are lesions?An aberrant region of tissue inside or outside the body that could expand or alter in appearance, and which might or might not be malignant.
It is possible for lesions to have sources other than underlying diseases. Birthmarks, bug bites, and scars are a few examples.
Cancerous malignant tumors exist (ie, they invade other sites). They spread through the lymphatic or blood systems to distant locations. We refer to this spreading as metastasis. Although the metastatic disease can spread to any part of the body, it most frequently affects the liver, lungs, brain, and bones.
11644 (Excision, malignant lesion including margins, face, ears, eyelids, nose, lips; excised diameter 3.1 to 4.0 cm),
12052-51 (Intermediate repair; 2.5 cm or less; face, ears, eyes, nose, lips, and/or mucous membranes).
51 modifier is for numerous processes
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Kaylyn suffers from anorexia nervosa. She induces vomiting. This is called:__________.
Kaylyn suffers from anorexia nervosa. She induces vomiting. This is called C) purging.
Anorexia is characterized by a distorted body photograph, with an unwarranted worry of being overweight. Symptoms consist of trying to preserve a beneath-regular weight through starvation or too much exercise. The clinical remedy may be had to restore normal weight. communicate therapy can assist with and conduct changes.
Anorexia nervosa is characterized by way of emaciation, continuing pursuit of thinness and unwillingness to maintain an ordinary or healthful weight, a distortion of frame image and extreme fear of gaining weight, and a loss of menstruation among women and ladies, and extraordinarily disturbed ingesting conduct.
"Anorexia" describes an easy inability or aversion to eating, whether or not caused by a scientific hassle or a mental fitness problem. "Anorexia nervosa," however, is the call for the medical ingesting sickness, the primary symptom of that is self-hunger.
The question is incomplete. Please read below to find the missing content.
Kaylyn suffers from anorexia nervosa. She induces vomiting. This is called.
A) bingeing.
B) emaciation.
C) purging.
D) restricting.
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What function do the anatomical traits observed in the crania of ""robust"" species serve?
Crania of robust species allows for a stronger jaw , which can help in chewing harder objects or biting .Stronger muscles surrounding the orbits could help in more tougher jaws .
Robust species or austral piths are a group of fossil hominins that existed in East and southern Africa between approximately 2.5 and 1.4 million years ago (Ma).Robust species had large teeth as well as a backbone on top of the skull, where durable chewing muscles attached. These features allowed individuals to crush and grind hard foods such as nuts, seeds, This early human species may have been more of a dietary options like eating variety of other foods such as soft fruits and possibly young leaves, insects, and meat.
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Which proteins bind to nuclear localization signals on newly synthesized proteins?
Nuclear import receptors (karyopherin) proteins bind to nuclear localization signals on newly synthesized proteins.
DNA is contained by the nuclear envelope, which also establishes the nuclear compartment. Nuclear pore complexes can pass across the two concentric membranes that make up this envelope. Despite being one continuous membrane, the inner and outer nuclear membranes still have different protein compositions.A subfamily of transport receptors known as karyopherins collectively mediates nuclear transport of proteins and RNA through the nuclear pore complex. Karyopherins recognize certain nuclear localization or nuclear export signals to attach to their payloads. Transient interactions between the karyopherins and the nuclear pore complex enhance transport via the complex.learn more about Nuclear import receptors here: https://brainly.com/question/14611798
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Darwin was not the first to suggest that species evolve, but he was the first to suggest:_____.
a. evolution occurs by genetics.
b. cultures rarely evolve.
c. mammals do not evolve.
d. evolution occurs through natural selection.
e. sex is an important component of evolution for all living species.
The correct option is d. evolution occurs through natural selection.
what is species evolve?
The process of evolution is how organisms change over time in response to their environment. Use these strategies to teach your students about the water cycle. The process of evolution is how organisms change over time in response to their environment. Use these strategies to teach your students about the water cycle.
For scientists, the study of evolution is crucial. It includes the investigation of alterations that organisms have undergone over time in response to various environmental influences. Humans and other species alike undergo gradual evolution. Natural selection, which happens during the process of evolution, has shaped every living thing on the planet today.
Darwin’s Finches
Ask the kids to read about and conduct research on the Galapagos finches Darwin observed. Darwin observed that the beaks of various finches varied. He also observed that each variety of beaks was best suited for handling a particular kind of food. Darwin was aware that the finches came originating from South America's continent, but the ones he observed on the islands were distinct from those he had previously seen there. Darwin questioned why these finches changed once they reached the Galapagos Islands. Test the capacity of various beaks to obtain various foods with your kids. Give kids toothpicks, little bird seeds, huge bird seeds (sunflower seeds), foam packing peanuts, metal binder clips, tweezers, and spoons to depict various beak varieties. Have the student experiment with the various instruments to see which one goes best with which foods.
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What are ribosomes? state their functions
Answer:
Ribosomes, also called Palade granules, are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis.
Explanation:
Function: The ribosome reads the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence and translates that genetic code into a specified string of amino acids, which grow into long chains that fold to form proteins.
Answer:
a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.
Explanation:
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what is plant tissue ?
Plant tissue is groups of organized cells of similar structure that perform a collective function.
The presence of precancerous changes in the cells that make up the inner lining of the cervix is known as:
The presence of precancerous changes in the cells that make up the inner lining of the cervix is known as cervical dysplasia.
Cervical dysplasia, also known as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) can be described as a precancerous condition characterized by abnormal cell division which is usually observed in the surface lining of the cervix or endocervical canal, the opening between the uterus and the vagina.
Women under the age of 30 years are at higher risk of getting this disease which is usually discovered through a pap test. Mild cervical dysplasia sometimes resolves without treatment but proper maintenance of diet and hygiene is required with proper follow-up and regular check-ups whereas moderate and severe cases require proper treatment and removal of abnormal cells through surgery to reduce the risk of cervical cancer.
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Which factor contributes to the production of mucus associated with chronic bronchitis?
According to the research, the correct option is goblet cells, the overproduction by these cells is a factor that contributes to the production of mucus associated with chronic bronchitis.
What is chronic bronchitis?It is a long-term disease of the lungs characterized by incessant coughing producing purulent sputum due to inflammation of the bronchial tubes resulting in increased mucus production.
Goblet cells are unicellular glands that have a cytoplasm loaded with mucins (main component of mucus) these are located in the walls of the bronchi, in chronic bronchitis, the wall of the bronchi tends to thicken, and the number of goblet cells increases greatly causing the overproduction of mucus.
Therefore, we can conclude that the correct option is goblet cells, the overproduction by these cells is a factor that contributes to the production of mucus associated with chronic bronchitis.
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How does a tendon sheath differ from a bursa?
The researcher in the virtual lab was using waste from a fish farm to provide nutrients for the algae. What was the algae going to be used for in order to reduce CO2 levels in the city?
The researcher in the virtual lab was using waste from a fish farm to provide nutrients for the algae. Algal growth utilizes carbon-di-oxide (CO₂) and converts it into useful byproducts thereby reducing CO₂ levels in the environment.
Feeding algae with the waste from the fish farm would enhance algal growth. Algae come under the group of organisms that are capable of performing photosynthesis.
Algae utilize CO₂ from the environment for photosynthesis and convert it into biomass and oxygen (O₂). This biomass produced can be used as an eco-friendly source of biofuel in the city.
Therefore, algae growth is utilized to trap CO₂ and replace it with O₂ in the environment.
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Because of the ability to identify and quantify proteins in a complex mixture, mass spectrometry combined with separation methods is an excellent analytical tool used specifically in the field of
Because of the ability to identify and quantify proteins in a complex mixture, mass spectrometry combined with separation methods is an excellent analytical tool used specifically in the field of Proteomics.
Proteomics based on mass spectrometry is now the method of choice for identifying and measuring an organism's proteome. There are many chances for statisticians to make substantial contributions, even if recent years have seen a dramatic advance in instrument performance and the computational techniques employed.The most popular "bottom-up" method for proteomics involves enzymatic cleavage of complex protein mixtures, followed by the separation of the peptide products based on their physical or chemical characteristics and mass spectrometric analysis. Identifying the proteins that are present in a sample and quantifying the abundance levels of the detected proteins are the two main difficulties in the analysis of bottom-up MS-based proteomics.
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What occurred in the red bacterial cell in generation 2? (click on the one correct answer.)
The mutation occurs in the red bacterial cell in generation 2.
An alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of an organism's, virus's, or extrachromosomal DNA is referred to as a mutation. DNA or RNA can be found in the viral genome.
Environmental elements known as mutagens are what trigger mutations. Radiation, chemicals, and pathogenic agents are examples of mutagens. Mutations may occur naturally spontaneously.
Red blood cells are impacted by thalassemia, a genetic blood condition. A change in the cell that produces hemoglobin is the cause of thalassemia. Anemia is brought on by the mutation's disruption of hemoglobin formation, which results in low hemoglobin levels and a rapid loss of red blood cells.
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