The expanded articular end of an epiphysis that is separated from the shaft by a narrower neck is called a Head.
The body constantly remodels the living, active tissues that make up bones. They sustain the body's structure, safeguard important organs, and provide movement of the body. They also serve as a space for the bone marrow, which the body uses to produce blood cells, and a repository for minerals, particularly calcium.
There are two different forms of tissue that make up bones.
A hard, dense, robust, and long-lasting outer layer is called compact (cortical) bone. It creates the outer layer of bone and accounts for around 80% of mature bone mass.The remaining 20% of bone is made up of trabecular (or spongy) bone, which is made up of a network of rod-like structures called trabeculae. Compared to compact bone, it is lighter, less thick, and more flexible.Head is a conspicuous, rounded bone extension that is a component of a joint. It has a neck that separates it from the bone's shaft. Inside a synovial capsule, the head is often coated in hyaline cartilage.
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PLS ANSWER AS FAST AS U CAN !!
Answer:
16 protons and 16 neutrons
How is recycling paper similar and different to how an ecosystem recycles nutrience.
Answer:
Its decomposition
Explanation:
When an organism dies fungi and bacteria break it down to gain nutrients and return nutrients to the soil, just like how paper is broken down over time except there are no nutrients gained.
if all the kinetochores are not attached to spindle fibers, then what would we likely observe in the cell?
If all the kinetochores are not attached to spindle fibers, then we would likely observe aneuploidy in the cell.
What is cell?
The basic biological, structural, and functional units of all living things are cells. A cell is capable of independent reproduction. As a result, they are referred to as the foundation of life. The cytoplasm, a liquid found inside every cell, is surrounded by a membrane. Numerous biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids are also found in the cytoplasm. In addition, cell organelles have been suspended in the cytoplasm of the cell. The most fundamental building block of life are cells. Therefore, the smallest independent component that we might discover if we dissected an organism down to its cellular level is the cell. Discover the definition, structure, types, and functions of cells by reading the notes on cells.
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according to results from the experiment described in the animation, how did the extinction rate in the large mossy area compare to that in small isolated mossy areas?
After one year, 40% of the species that were present in the vast area had disappeared from the tiny sections.
What is an illustration of being alone?Isolation might include spending a lot of time alone at home, not having access to resources or participating in the community, and having little to no contact with friends, family, & acquaintances.
What three sorts of isolation are there?Based on how the disease spreads, these unique transmission-based precautions often fall under one of three categories of isolation. The three common types of transmission-based precautions are interface separation, droplets isolation, & airborne isolation, according to the CDC.
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Measure population numbers over time in different areas to determine how population size may be changing in response to human development.
What are the five major causes of extinction?
Causes of Extinction. Habitat Loss; Overexploitation; Introduced Species; Global Pollution and Climate Change are all factors contributing to the extinction of species. Learn more about each of these and other causes of extinction. HABITAT LOSS: The most common cause of endangerment is habitat loss.
What was the cause of the pterodactyls extinction?
“There is broad agreement that the cause of the dinosaur and pterosaur extinctions were one and the same,” University of Texas, Austin paleontologist Brian Andres says. The aftermath of the asteroid impact is the large scale reason for both.
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Current climate change is part of normal fluctuation over time.
True
False
List 2 Fluids for each that are used in the Home, school/work and outdoors.
The types of fluid for the places mentioned include the following below:
1. Home - Oil, water
2. School/work - Liquid soap, Oxygen.
3. Outdoors - Oxygen, water
What is a Fluid?This is referred to as a substance or compound and is usually in the form of liquid or gas. It has the ability to continually flow when it is subjected to shear stress or external force.
There are various types of fluids which have their individual properties which is based on their structure and atoms such as oil which is used in the home for cooking various types of food substances.
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Answer:
Home: Cooking Oil is used to cook a variety of vegetables/ foods, Water is a basic need to live and we drink it everywhere including our homes.
School: Liquid soap is used for clean windows, floors and sometimes ourselves, Oxygen is also a basic need just like water to live but for breathing.
Outdoors: Engine Oil is a liquid and used to repair cars and Gas is a fuel used to run cars and vehicles
the ability of a virus or bacteriophage to specifically attach to particular types of host cells occurs through the interactions of the viral attachment protein with the host cell receptors. this binding determines
The binding of a virus or bacteriophage to attach to the host cells determines the host range.
Phages interact and attack a particular type of bacteria; they do not attack other types of bacteria or the cell lines of other organisms. The interactions between phages and their host cells have garnered a lot of attention because of how specifically they occur. The binding thus determines the host range tp attch to the host cell.
Bacteriophage is a virus that can infect bacterial cell. It enters the host cell through the lytic cycle. the virus in the bacterial cell can even kill the host cell or replicate even without killing it. The bacteriophage attaches to the bacterium using its long tail fibers, and after doing so, the virus inserts its genetic material into the host cell to start the reproduction process.
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when making a suspension for inoculation, what broth is used and what is the required concentration in mcfarland units?
Suspension for inoculation of the bacteria to be tested is prepared in saline or Mueller–Hinton broth to the turbidity of a 1.5 x 108 cells/ml McFarland standard.
McFarland standards gives the reference to adjust the turbidity of bacterial suspensions so that the number of bacteria will be within the certain parameter. approximately a culture density should be around 1.5 x 108 cells/ml according to McFarland standards .
McFarland Standards are used to standardize the approximate number of bacteria in a liquid suspension by comparing the turbidity of the test. McFarland Standard contains a chemical solution of barium chloride and sulfuric acid.
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describe the electrical responses produced by rods and cones, and explain how these responses are produced.
Rods are responsible for eyesight in . In addition to having poor spatial acuity, they do not mediate colour vision.
Cones and rods: how do they react to light?Rods are responsible for eyesight in . In addition to having poor spatial acuity, they do not mediate colour vision. Cones are involved in high spatial acuity, colour vision, and activity at higher light levels (photopic vision).
How does action potential develop in rods and cones?Without any indication of action potentials, rods and cones hyperpolarize in response to light. As it turns out, rod and cone synapses release neurotransmitters in a manner similar to that of any other cell.
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Can somebody please help with this?
Wisconsin Fast Plants are a rapid-cycling form of the species Brassica rapa, a member of the mustard family Cruciferae. They were developed at the University of Wisconsin-Madison by Professor Paul H. Williams to be used by research scientist in the laboratory and now used for hands on investigations throughout the world. In this investigation, two Wisconsin Fast Plants are crossed with the height traits (tall – dominant or dwarf – recessive) and pigment trait (dominant – anthocynanin) and recessive – anthocyanin-less). The F1 generation consists of the results below.
(a) Predict the P generation genotypes and justify your prediction
(b) Perform a chi-square test on the data for the F1 generation. Identify the chi-square value and specify the null hypothesis you are testing.
(c) Explain whether your hypothesis is supported by the chi-square test and justify your explanations.
(d) Predict how a mutation to the traits would affect the F2 generation.
a) The Parent (P) Generation genotype is heterozygous dominant and homozygous recessive.
b) The Chi-Square value is 0.2888; while the null hypothesis is "there is no significant distinction between the observed value and desired value, that is the genes are unlinked."
c) As a result of the Chi-Square results there is no significant difference between our actual and anticipated values, and the genes are not connected. As a result, the chi-square test supports our hypothesis.
d) A mutation in "[tex]F[/tex]1" traits will sufficiently modify the heterozygous dominant genotype in the "[tex]F[/tex]2" generation.
How can you arrive at the above results?a) First, note that A chi-square test is a type of statistical test that is often used in hypothesis testing. This table is used in genetics to determine whether there is a statistical difference between the predicted and actual values. This is also known as the Goodness of Fit test.
Hence, to forecast the parental genotype or P offspring genotype, we must first know the cross-ratio.
The rations are given as follows:
96/372 : 94/372 : 93/372 : 89/372; this give us
⇒ (0.26):(0.25):(0.25):(0.24)
Looking at the above ratios, we can tell that they are approximate:
1:1:1:1
Whenever a heterozygous genotype is crossed with a homzygous recessive, the ratio is 1:1:1:1. As a result, TT stands for tall, TT stands for short, PP stands for pigment, and PP stands for anthocyanin-less.
The parent's genotype will then be TtPp (Tall, pigment) and ttpp (Tall, pigment) (short, anthocyanin-less). That is, the paternal genotype is heterozygous recessive and heterozygous dominant.
c) In order to explain whether or not the Hypothesis is supported by the chi-square test and justify your explanations, we must compare the degree of freedom with the Chi-Square value with the help of a Squared Distribution Table.
The degree of freedom is equal to n-1, where n is the number of classes. Because there are four classes in this case, the degree of freedom is three.
The probability 0.05 or 5% is considered as a crucial value in statistics. Examine the chi-square distribution table with p = 0.05 and degree of freedom = 3. The answer is 7.8.
If our estimated value is less than this number, our null hypothesis will be accepted; otherwise, we will reject the null hypothesis. Because our chi-square value is 0.288, which is less than 7.8 in the chi-square distribution table, the null hypothesis is accepted.
As a result, there is no significant difference between our actual and anticipated values, and the genes are not connected. As a result, the chi-square test supports our hypothesis.
d) The "[tex]F[/tex]1" generation is the first filial generation of Offspring from the parents, whereas the "[tex]F[/tex]2" generation is the second filial generation of offspring produced via the congenital of "[tex]F[/tex]1" individuals.
As a result, a mutation in "[tex]F[/tex]1" features modifies the heterozygous dominant genotype sufficiently in the "[tex]F[/tex]2" generation.
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Which phrase best describes the purpose of mitosis?
garden plants are eaten by snails, which are eaten by birds, which are eaten by the household cat. what happens to the other members of the food chain if the garden is removed?
The number of snails and birds decrease in the given food chain.
Food chain refers to the order of events in an ecosystem, where one living organism feeds another organism, and after that organism is consumed by another organism in higher tropic level.
The food chain always begins with producers who make food, proceeds with other consumers who eat the food and at the comes the topmost predator. In ecology food chain is considered as the series of events that transfer energy and food from one organism to another and is necessary for survival of the organisms .
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looking at the punnet square above, how does this demonstrate codominance
Answer:
Both characteristics of the parental traits for fur colour were present in the offspring, this is because both parents were homozygous dominant for their respective colour and when fertilization occurred, co dominance was shown
which disorder results in decreased erythrocytes and platelets with changes in leukocytes and has clinical manifestations of pallor, fatigue, petechiae, purpura, bleeding, and fever?
Pallor, purpura, petechiae, increased risk of mucosal bleeding, increased risk of infection, and weariness due to pancytopenia are all signs of aplastic anaemia.
When the body ceases making enough new blood cells, aplastic anaemia develops. You get worn out and more vulnerable to infections and uncontrolled bleeding as a result of the disease. Aplastic anaemia is an uncommon and dangerous illness that can appear at any age.
The bone marrow, the sponge-like substance inside our bones, is where the stem cells in aplastic anaemia are damaged. The bone marrow's stem cells can be harmed by a variety of illnesses and ailments. As a result, less red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are produced by the bone marrow.
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which channel type triggers the rapid depolarization phase of the autorhythmic cell action potential?
The fast sodium channel triggers the rapid depolarization phase of the autorhythmic cell action potential.
Rapid sodium influx causes depolarization and reversal of the membrane potential inside the cell from negative to positive. Depolarization is an all-or-nothing event in neurons that is initiated by the opening of sodium ion channels within the plasma membrane. Repolarization, the subsequent return to resting potential, is mediated by the opening of potassium ion channels.
Autorhythmic cells lack a resting membrane potential, which drifts and changes as a result of ionic movement. Hyperpolarisation causes voltage-gated sodium channels known as funny channels to open, allowing [tex]Na^{+}[/tex]Na+ into the cell.
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Identify three selection pressures rhat Darwin would have had to rule out before determining that competition for limited food resources drive natural selection on the Galapagos Island.
Answer:
Darwin nunez or Charles Darwin
what data would dr. losey need to collect in order to support his hypothesis that bt corn is the reason for the declining population of monarch butterflies?
Dr. Losey needs to collect data on how long larvae live on milweed plants near and far from Bt corn fields.
The monarch butterfly is one of the most well-known and researched butterflies on the planet. It has orange wings that are laced with black lines and surrounded by white dots. Millions of monarch butterflies migrate from the United States and Canada south to California and Mexico for the winter. Biotechnology has been used to improve Bt corn's resistance to insect pests. Its insect protection is provided by a naturally occurring microorganism known as Bacillus thuringiensis, or "Bt." The protein produced by Bt corn targets caterpillars of the order Lepidoptera.
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Who is the fastest speedster in the CW The Flash????
Answer:
yes barley
Explanation:
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Concept of Terrestrial ecosystems
A terrestrial ecosystem is a community of organisms and their environment that occurs only on land masses, such as continents or islands.
In addition, there are six primary terrestrial ecosystems that are:
TundraTaiga.Deciduous temperate forest.Rain forest.Temperate grasslands and shrublandsshrublandsdesert.
Terrestrial ecosystems are distinguished by their low water availability and the consequent importance of water as a limiting factor, as opposed to aquatic ecosystems. Terrestrial ecosystems are characterized by wider temperature fluctuations, both daily and seasonal, compared to aquatic ecosystems of similar climates.
Malik is singing at a concert for 80,000 people. Before the concert he ate a meal including chicken which was not cooked all the way. Malik is starting to feel nauseous (sick to his stomach). The feeling of nausea is an –
A. external stimulus because the crowd is super loud backstage.
B. external stimulus telling Malik to get rid of the food that he ate because it was not properly cooked.
C. internal stimulus telling Malik to get rid of the food that he ate because it was not properly cooked.
D. internal stimulus because the crowd is super loud backstage.
Answer:
Option C
Explanation:
It made sense because he ate the raw-ish chicken.
uag (as well as uaa and uga) is an example of a stop codon. molecules called release factors bind to stop codons. place the release factor on the mrna molecule. what happens?
The molecules will go away and a protein is created.
The stop codons in the genetic code are UGA, UAG, and UAA. These stop codons indicate the conclusion of the polypeptide chain during translation. There is no amino acid coded by these codons. As a result, they are also known as nonsense or termination codons.
These stop codons have been referred to as umber or opal (UAG), ochre (UAA), and amber (UAG) (UGA). Charles Steinberg and Richard Epstein made Amber public (UAG). To continue the idea of "colors names," they gave the remaining two stop codons the names ochre (UAA) and opal (UAG) while naming the product amber. During protein synthesis, stop codons allow the ribosome to release the newly synthesized polypeptide chain. This occurs because there are no tRNAs that have an anticodon that matches the stop codon.
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explain the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction and evolution, distinguishing between somatic and germ-line cells (gametes).
Meiosis is a process that takes place while gametes develop and results in cells with half the usual amount of chromosomes.
By preventing reduction division, meiosis prevents an increase in the number of chromosomes.
Any cell in a multicellular organism that is not a germ-line cell is referred to as a somatic cell. Gametes, or germ-line cells, are haploid reproductive cells (eggs and sperm). During fertilization, combine to create a zygote.
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What plant(s) are unique and/or rare in the temperate rainforest (20 points)
The Giant Water Lilies, the Rafflesia and the Nepenthes are some rare and unique plants found in the temperate rainforests.
What are these rare/ unique plants?
The great water lilies also known as the Victorian Amazonica is a type of water lily native to the rainforests of the Amazon Basin in South America. Victoria amazonica is one of the largest and most beautiful plants in the world and can reach up to 3 meters in diameter. The flowers are white with pink stripes and are about 1 meter in diameter. It is also known as ‘Queen of the Night’ as it only blooms at night and stays only for about 48 hours.
Rafflesia, also known as Corpse Flower is a flower of the parasitic plant. It contains no stems or leaves to produce food, instead growing from the vine it feeds on. This is the largest flower in the world, around three feet wide. Its survival depends on deception. It mimics a mammalian corpse, from its texture and color to its odor of rotting flesh. It is found in the rainforests of Southeast Asia, especially in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam.
Nepenthes also known as Monkey Cups, are pitcher plants, found mostly in tropical environments of the world. It is a carnivorous plant and eats small animals for nutrients, by luring them into its pitcher shaped trap by using its sweet nectar.
Other rare plants found in temperate forests are the Jabuticaba Tree, the Durian Fruit, Balsa Tree, passion flower, etc.
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which process occurs directly after meiosis ii?responsescell differentiationcell differentiationdna replicationuppercase d n a replicationmitosismitosisreproductionreproduction
After cell has undergone meiosis ii it enters into the phase of cell differentiation.
Thus, after meiosis II is complete, four haploid daughter cells are created, each of which only has one copy of each chromosome. The haploid cells, also known as primordial germ cells, go through cell development and develop particular characteristics based on their purpose. It produces spermatids and eventually sperm in males, and an ovum or egg in females. These cells are a component of the reproduction process and are known as sexual cells or germ cells.
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what is the predicted size of the corresponding mature mrna in base pairs (bp), excluding the 5' cap and 3' poly-a tail?
Predicted size of the corresponding mature mRNA in base pairs (bp), excluding the 5' cap and 3' poly-a tail is 295 bp.
1000 base long mRNA, this means that its double-stranded version will be 500 bp long. Messenger RNA or mRNA is a type of single-stranded RNA involved in protein synthesis.
mRNA is type of RNA that is important for protein production. In human cells, mRNA uses the information in genes to create a copy for making proteins. Many mRNA vaccines helps to protect humans from various disease like recently scientist have developed covid vaccine using mRNA .
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abdominal organ that filters erythrocytes and activates lymphocytes: a.bone marrow b.spleen c.adenoids d.tonsils e.thymus
The abdominal organ that filters erythrocytes and activates lymphocytes is: (b) spleen.
Lymphocytes are the white blood cells that are the part of our immune system. The lymphocytes generally have a large nucleus and are agranular. There are three types of lymphocytes: B cells, T cell and NK cells. All these together constitute 20-40% of all the white blood cells.
Spleen is the secondary lymphoid organ. It is the size of a fist, present on the upper left side of the abdomen. The function of spleen is to regulate the blood cell levels and also it removes the old, damaged and dead blood cells.
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after ovulation levels of prgesterone rise sharply what is the primary function of progesterone at this point in the menstrual cycle
The most crucial function of progesterone is preparing your uterus to receive, implant, and sustain a fertilized egg during pregnancy.
Progesterone's primary role during the menstrual cycle is what?Progesterone gets the endometrium ready for the possibility of getting pregnant following ovulation .The lining becomes thicker as a result, getting ready for a fertilized egg. Additionally, it stops the uterine muscles from contracting in a way that would make the body reject an egg.
What three jobs does progesterone perform?A key player in maintaining pregnancy, getting the body ready for conception, and controlling the monthly menstrual cycle, progesterone is a hormone that activates and controls vital processes.
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the effects of sympathoadrenal and parasympathetic nerve activity on the cardiac rate and stroke volume.
The volume of a stroke and the heart rate. From of the adrenal gland, dopamine & adrenaline.
What takes place after a stroke?Brain activity is lost when brain cells are destroyed. It's possible that you won't be able to perform tasks that require that section of your brain. For instance, a stroke may impair your capacity to move, communicate, eat, think, and recall, as well as your capacity to control your bowel & bladder, emotions, and other essential bodily processes.
Is a stroke a result of stress?Stress can increase blood pressure, raise blood sugar and fat levels, and make the heart work harder. Due to these factors, there is a higher chance that clots will develop, spread to the heart and brain, and result in a stroke or a stroke.
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PLS HELP ME!!??? :(
Is good a limiting factor for plants? Why or why not?
Answer:
In the natural world, limiting factors like the availability of food, water, shelter and space can change animal and plant populations. Other limiting factors, like competition for resources, predation and disease can also impact populations.
Explanation:
5. what is one challenge that a species may face when they are reintroduced to their previous native range? and what is a challenge they may face when released outside of the native range? (1 pts)
Challenge that a species face when they are reintroduced to their previous native range is: single event catastrophes. Challenge they face when released outside of the native range is: preying on native species.
What is the challenge faced when species are reintroduced?Although, species are bred successfully in captivity and even if they learn to survive in the wild on its own then also there is the concern that a single event such as a hurricane, drought or disease could decimate the reintroduced population.
The goal of species reintroduction is to establish a healthy and genetically diverse population to an area where it has been extirpated.
The direct threats of invasive species is preying on native species , outcompeting native species for food, causing disease and preventing native species from reproducing or killing a native species' young.
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