Answer:
1. Financing Activity : $300,000
2.Investing Activity : $10,000 and Non-cash Financing and Investing Activity : $30,000
3.Operating Activity : - $90,000
4.Operating Activity : $50,000
5.Operating Activity : -$5,000
6.Operating Activity : -$6,000
7.Operating Activity : -$70,000
8.Operating Activity : $55,000
9.Operating Activity : $1,000
Explanation:
Operating Activities involves the entity`s trading operation in ordinary course of business.
Investing Activities involves the entity`s sale or purchase of Investments.
Financing Activities involves the entity`s acquisition and sale of funds.
Net sales for the year were $1,050,000 and cost of goods sold was $735,000 for the company’s existing products. A new product is presently under development and will have an expected selling price of not more than $68 per unit in order to remain competitive with similar products in the marketplace. Required: a. Calculate gross profit and the gross profit ratio for the year.
Answer:
The answer is:
Gross profit is $315,000
Gross profit ratio is 30 percent
Explanation:
Gross profit equals net sales minus cost of sales
Net sales - $1,050,000
Cost of sales - ($735,000)
Gross profit -. $315,000
Gross profit ratio is:
(Gross profit / net sales) x 100 percent
($315,000 / $1,050,000) x 100 percent
0.3 x 100 percent
30 percent.
So we have:
Gross profit is $315,000
Gross profit ratio is 30 percent
g Call options on IBM-listed stock options are Group of answer choices created by investors and traded on various exchanges. issued by IBM Corporation. traded on various exchanges. issued by IBM Corporation and traded on various exchanges. created by investors.
Answer: Created by investors and traded on various exchanges
Explanation:
Call options are contracts that give the buyer the right to buy the underlying assets of the option on a particular date at a set price by exercising the option. American Call options can be exercised anytime before the date listed in the contract as well.
Call options are created by people who already own stock in the company i.e investors in IBM and traded on various exchanges such as the Chicago Board Options Exchange. It acts as a supplementary way to make income from stock if the investors do not believe that the stock price will go up thus enabling them to make income from the contract price.
Normally, the buyer's offer in a commercial transaction takes the form of:____________.
1. a phone call with the parties directly speaking with each other.
2. a personal letter.
3. a purchase order.
4. an acknowledgment form.
Answer:
3. a purchase order.
Explanation:
Normally, the buyer's offer in a commercial transaction takes the form of a purchase order. Commercial transaction refers to the law guiding, regulating or governing business transactions and deals.
A purchase order can be defined as an official document which a buyer send to sellers of goods and services in order to document and have a record of the sale of products and services to be delivered to the buyer at a later date. It allows making order without paying immediately.
Answer following question with true or false and explain.A firm's profit margin is 5%, its debt/assets ratio is 56%, and its dividend payout ratio is 40%. If the firm is operating at less than full capacity, then sales could increase to some extent without the need for external funds, but if it is operating at full capacity with respect to all assets, including fixed assets, then any positive growth in sales will require some external financing.
Answer:
False
Explanation:
As a company's sales level increases, its current assets will increase, e.g. cash, inventories, accounts receivables increase. generally, also the fixed assets increase, specially if the firm was previous producing at full capacity even before total sales increased. But as sales increase, not only do the company's assets increase, its current liabilities generally increase also, and its profits should increase. In this case, 60% of the company's profits are reinvested in the company, and the liabilities represent more than half of the total assets. Therefore, it is possible that the company needs external financing, but it is also possible that it doesn't. You cannot assume that the company will necessarily need external financing, because retained earnings and the increase in current liabilities might be enough to finance the company's growth in sales.
Demand characteristics can threaten internal validity because the results ____ can be explained by reactivity instead of the treatment conditions correlate with those that threaten external validity may be specific to the experimenter who has the expectations may not generalize to situations where demand characteristics are different
Answer: can be explained by reactivity instead of the treatment conditions
Explanation:
Internal validity is the degree of confidence that a researcher has when he or she believes that the causal relationship that is not being influenced by other variables and therefore trustworthy.
Demand characteristics can threaten internal validity because the results can be explained by reactivity instead of the treatment conditions.
A financial advisor informs a client that the expected return on a portfolio is 8% with a standard deviation of 12%. There is a 25% chance the return will be negative and a 15% chance that the return would be above 16%. Does her assessment follow a normal distribution? Calculate the probabilities for a normal distribution and compare.
Answer:
A) The assessment does not follow a normal distribution
B ) P(r<0) = 0.2546 ( from standard normal table ), P( r > 0.16 ) ≠ 0.15
Explanation:
Expected return on portfolio E (r) = 8%
Standard deviation (STD) = 12%
chances of Negative return P(r < 0 ) = 25%
calculate the probabilities for a normal distribution
E (r) = 0.08 , STD = 0.12, P(r < 0 ) = 0.25
P( r > 0.16 ) = 0.15
calculating the value of the probability P(r < 0 )
P(r < 0 ) = P [tex](Z < \frac{0-E(r)}{STD} )[/tex]
= P ( Z < [tex]\frac{0-0.08}{0.12}[/tex] )
= P ( Z < - 0.667 )
P(r<0) = 0.2546 ( from standard normal table )
calculating the value of the probability P( r > 0.16 )
P( r > 0.16 ) = [tex]P ( Z > \frac{0.16- E(r)}{STD})[/tex]
= P ( Z > [tex]\frac{0.16-0.08}{0.12}[/tex] )
= P ( Z > 0.667 )
to compare if p(r>0.16 ) is = 0.15
P(R > 0.16 ) = 1 - P ( Z < 0.667 )
= 1 - 0.7454 ( value from standard normal table )
= 0.2546
hence P( r > 0.16 ) ≠ 0.15
The assessment does not follow a normal distribution
Gen-Fast Shoes wants to expand internationally and is deciding if its line of tennis shoes can be sold at a high price in Europe. One way for Gen-Fast Shoes to assess this is to determine whether these types of shoes in the foreign market offer customers greater.
a. cost.
b. exports.
c. value.
d. competition.
e. production.
Answer: value
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that Gen-Fast Shoes wants to expand internationally and is deciding if its line of tennis shoes can be sold at a high price in Europe.
One way for Gen-Fast Shoes to assess this is to determine whether these types of shoes in the foreign market offer customers greater value.
Value simply means the worth of something. When people realize that the tennis shoes are worth it, it'll command a high value.
Halifax Manufacturing allows its customers to return merchandise for any reason up to 90 days after delivery and receive a credit to their accounts. All of Halifax's sales are for credit (no cash is collected at the time of sale). The company began 2018 with an allowance for sales returns of $400,000. During 2018, Halifax sold merchandise on account for $12,500,000. This merchandise cost Halifax $8,750,000 (70% of selling prices). Also during the year, customers returned $613,000 in sales for credit. Sales returns, estimated to be 5% of sales, are recorded as an adjusting entry at the end of the year. Required: 1. Prepare an entry to record actual merchandise returns as they occur (not adjusting the allowance for sales returns), and then record a year-end entry to adjust the allowance for sales returns to its appropriate balance. 2. What is the amount of the year-end allowance for sales returns after the adjusting entry is recorded?
Answer:
Please refer to the below explanations.
Explanation:
A.
Sales return and allowance a/c Dr $613,000
To accounts receivable A/c Cr $613,000
(Being retuned goods that is recorded)
Merchandise inventory A/c Dr $429,100
($613,000 × 70%)
To cost of goods sold A/c Cr $429,100
(Being cost of goods sold that was recorded)
Estimated return is therefore;
= Sale value of merchandise × return percentage - actual return
= $12,500,000 × 5% - $613,000
= $625,000 - $613,000
= $12,000
B.
Sales return and allowance A/c Dr $12,000
To accounts receivable A/c Cr $12,000
(Being returned goods that were recorded)
Merchandise inventory A/c Dr $8,400
($12,000 × 70%)
To cost of goods sold A/c Cr $8,400
(Being cost of goods sold that were recorded)
Therefore, the computation for the year end allowance for sales return is same as $8,400.
Spruce Ceramics produces large planters to be used in urban landscaping projects. A special earth clay is used to make the planters. The standard quantity of clay used for each planter is 24 pounds. The company uses a standard cost of $2.20 per pound of clay. Spruce produced 3,000 planters in May. In that month, 75,000 pounds of clay were purchased and used at the total cost of $162,000 Read the requirementsLOADING.... Requirement 1. Calculate the direct material price variance. Begin by determining the formula for the price variance, then compute the price variance for the direct materials. (Enter the variance as a positive number. Enter currency amounts in the formula to the nearest cent and then round the final variance amount to the nearest whole dollar. Label the variance as favorable (F) or unfavorable (U). Abbreviations used: DM = Direct materials)
Answer:
1. $3,000 Favorable
2. $6,600 Unfavorable.
Explanation:
This is an incomplete question. However, the completed part is question number 2, which has been solved below.
1. Direct material price variance
= (Actual price - Standard price) Actual quantity
= ($2.16 - $2.20) × 75,000
= -$0.04 × 75,000
= $3,000 Favorable
Note: Actual price is gotten by; $162,000 / 75,000
= $2.16
2. Direct material quantity variance
= (Actual quantity - Standard quantity) × Standard price
= (75,000 - $72,000) × $2.20
= 3,000 × $2.20
= $6,600 Unfavorable
Note: Standard quantity is gotten by;
24 × 3,000
= 72,000
Whistle Stop pays a constant annual dividend of $4 on its stock. The company will maintain this dividend for the next 3 years and will then cease paying dividends forever. What is the current price per share if the required return on this stock is 15.6 percent
Answer:
$9.04
Explanation:
Calculation for the current price per share
Using this formula
P0 = Annual dividend[1 − (1/1+Required return)]/ Required return
Let plug in the formula
P0=$4[(1- (1/1+0.156)]/.156
P0 = $4[1 − (1/1.1563)]/.156
P0 = $9.04
Therefore the current price per share will be $9.04
On the statement of cash flows prepared by the indirect method, the cash flows from operating activities section would include a. payments for cash dividends b. amortization of premium on bonds payable c. receipts from the issuance of common stock d. receipts from the sale of investments
Answer:
b. amortization of premium on bonds payable
Explanation:
The Indirect method reconciles the Operating Income to the Operating Cash Flow by adjusting the Operating Income for (1) Non-Cash Items previously added or deducted from the Operating Income and (2) Changes in working capital items.
What is the required monthly payment on a $350,000 mortgage? Assume a standard mortgage (360 months) with monthly payments. Use a nominal rate of 6.90%.
Answer:
EMI = $2,305
Explanation:
We can calculate Monthly payment on a $350,000 mortgage by using following formula of equated monthly installments. You just need to collect the data to input in the formula for further calculation.
Data
Principal amount = $350,000
Rate = 6.90% = 6.90%/12months = 0.00575
number pf periods = 360 months
Formula
EMI = [[tex]\frac{[P x R x (1+R)^{n} }{(1+R)^{n-1} }[/tex]]
P = Principal amount
R = Rate
n = number pf periods
Solution
EMI =[tex]\frac{[350,000 x0.00575 x ((1+0.00575)^{360-1}) ]}{1+0.00575)^{360-1}}[/tex]
EMI = $2,305
Current cost to source from the home plant to Country A is $0.55 per unit, plus $0.02 in shipping (there is no tariff). If product is sourced from Country B, manufacturing cost is expected to be 20% lower; but shipping will increase to $0.06, and there is a tariff of 15% on CIF. What will the savings be on 100 million units if sourcing for Country A switches from the home plant to Country B
Answer:
Cost savings in sourcing from Country A = $0.5 million ($57.5 - $57 million)
Explanation:
Sourcing from Country A:
Purchase price = $0.55 per unit
Shipping = $0.02
Total Cost = $0.57
Cost of 100 million units = $57 million
Sourcing from Country B:
Purchasing price = $0.44 ($0.55 x 80%)
Shipping = $0.06
CIF Tariff = 15% = $0.075 ($0.5 x 15%)
Total Cost = $0.575
Cost of 100 million units = $57.5 million
Sourcing from Country A is more beneficial than sourcing from Country B with reduced product cost, but increased shipping and additional tariff. Whereas Country A gives a total cost for 100 million units of $57 million, sourcing the same units from Country B gives a total cost of $57.5 million. The savings of $0.5 million is substantial that no company would like to lose unless the goods from Country B are of higher quality than those from Country A.
Emeril is the owner of a restaurant. He decides to raise the wages of his workers even though he faces an excess supply of labor. His decision:__________
Complete Question:
Emeril is the owner of a restaurant. He decides to raise the wages of his workers even though he faces an excess supply of labor. His decision:
Group of answer choices.
a. might increase profits if it attracts a better pool of workers to apply for jobs at his restaurant.
b. will reduce the excess supply of labor.
c. is an example of the benefits of a minimum-wage law.
d. All of the above are correct.
Answer:
a. might increase profits if it attracts a better pool of workers to apply for jobs.
Explanation:
Emeril is the owner of a restaurant. He decides to raise the wages of his workers even though he faces an excess supply of labor. His decision might increase profits if it attracts a better pool of workers to apply for jobs.
An excess supply of labor refers to the situation where there are too many number of people working in an organization at a particular period of time.
However, Emeril's decision to raise the wages of his workers might increase profits if he's able to recruit better pool of workers who will be willing and able to work more hours effectively and efficiently. As a result, this would help to boost the level of production and increase the rate at which the consumer's needs or wants are meet.
every organization has a set of unwritten norms that mambers of the organization accept and understand and which guide their actions. this system of shared meaning is
Answer:
Organization's culture.
Explanation:
Every organization has a set of unwritten norms that members of the organization accept and understand and which guide their actions. This system of shared meaning is organization's culture.
An organizational culture typically comprises of values, norms, beliefs and assumptions which defines the most appropriate ways of behaving in an organization (work environment).
Generally, an organizational culture is usually designed and established by the top executives or management of an organization and communicated to the various employees working there.
According to Robert Quinn and Kim Cameron, an organizational culture can be divided into four (4) main categories;
1. Adhocracy culture.
2. Clan culture.
3. Hierarchy culture.
4. Market culture.
Additionally, the significance of an organizational culture is simply that it creates a unique social, efficient and psychological environment of an organization.
Hsung Company accumulates the following data concerning a proposed capital investment: cash cost $175, 846, net annual cash flows $37, 300, and present value factor of cash inflows for 10 years 5.02 (rounded). (If the net present value is negative, use either a negative sign preceding the number eg -45 or parentheses eg (45).)
Determine the net present value, and indicate whether the investment should be made?
Answer:
NPV = $11400
As the NPV from the project is positive, the investment should be made.
Explanation:
The NPV or net present value is an important metric that is used for project and investment evaluation. The NPV is the present value of the series of cash flows provided by the project less the initial cost incurred to undertake the project. NPV can be calculated as follows,
NPV = (Annual Cash Flow * Present value factor) - Initial cost
NPV = (37300 * 5.02) - 175846
NPV = $11400
As the NPV from the project is positive, the investment should be made.
The Bathtub Division of Kirk Plumbing Corporation has recently approached the Faucet Division with a proposal. The Bathtub Division would like to make a special "ivory" tub with gold-plated fixtures for the company's 50-year anniversary. It would make only 5,000 of these units. It would like the Faucet Division to make the fixtures and provide them to the Bathtub Division at a transfer price of $160. If sold externally, the estimated variable cost per unit would be $140. However, by selling internally, the Faucet Division would save $6 per unit on variable selling expenses. The Faucet Division is currently operating at full capacity. Its standard unit sells for $43 per unit and has variable costs of $25.
Required:
Compute the minimum transfer price that the Faucet Division should be willing to accept, and discuss whether it should accept this offer.
Answer:
Minimum transfer price = $152
Explanation:
The minimum transfer price can be calculated by Adding variable cost and the contribution margin lost
Minimum transfer price = Variable cost + Contribution margin lost
Minimum transfer price = $134 + $18
Minimum transfer price = $152
Working
Variable cost = $140 -$6(saving) = $134
Contribution margin lost = Selling price - variable cost per unit
Contribution margin lost = $43 - $25
Contribution margin lost = $18
Decision: The offer should be accepted because the minimum transfer price of $152 is less than $160
Acme Company’s production budget for August is 17,700 units and includes the following component unit costs: direct materials, $6.0; direct labor, $10.2; variable overhead, $6.2. Budgeted fixed overhead is $34,000. Actual production in August was 18,630 units. Actual unit component costs incurred during August include direct materials, $8.40; direct labor, $9.60; variable overhead, $7.00. Actual fixed overhead was $35,700. The standard fixed overhead application rate per unit consists of $2 per machine hour and each unit is allowed a standard of 1 hour of machine time.Required:Calculate the fixed overhead budget variance and the fixed overhead volume variance. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance).)
Answer:
a. $1,700 U
b. $3,260 F
Explanation:
a. Fixed over head budget variance = Actual fixed overhead - Budgeted fixed overhead
Actual fixed overhead = $35,700
Budgeted fixed overhead = $34,000
Fixed overhead budget variance = $35,700 - $34,000
= $1,700 U
b. Fixed overhead volume variance = Budgeted fixed overhead - Standard fixed overhead
Standard fixed overhead application rate = $2 per machine hr × 1hr
= $2
Budgeted fixed overhead = $34,000
Standard fixed overhead = Standard hours for actual output × Budgeted rate
= (18,630 units × 1hr) × $2
= $37,260
Fixed overhead volume variance
= $34,000 - $37,260
= 3,260 F
If bookstore ABC Books determines it is going to sell books at its profit-maximizing price of $15 in a market facing monopolistic competition, calculate total profit for the store
ABC Books Revenue and Cost
Quantity Price Total Revenue Marginal Revenue Total Cost Marginal Cost
0 $26 $0 $325
10 $23 $230 $23 $365 $4
20 $20 $400 $17 $425 $6
30 $18 $540 $14 $505 $8
40 $16 $640 $10 $605 $10
50 $14 $700 $6 $725 $12
60 $12 $720 $2 $865 $14
Answer: $35
Explanation:
Profit will be the Total Revenue less the total costs involved with selling the goods.
Total Revenue at $16 is $640.
Total Cost at $16 is $605.
Profit = 640 - 605
= $35
Note; Your question has $15 as the maximizing price which is not available in the table. It might be a typo so I attached the question.
Smathers Corp. stock has a beta of 1.23. The market risk premium is 7.00 percent and the risk-free rate is 2.86 percent annually. What is the company's cost of equity?
Answer:
the company's cost of equity is 11.47 %.
Explanation:
The Company`s cost of equity is the return that is required by holders of Common Stocks.
The Cost can be determined using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) as follows :
Cost of Equity = Return on Risk Free Rate + Beta × Return on Market Portfolio
= 2.86 % + 1.23 × 7.00 %
= 11.47 %.
Piercy, LLC, has identified the following two mutually exclusive projects: Year Cash Flow (A) Cash Flow (B) 0 −$ 68,000 −$ 68,000 1 44,000 30,200 2 38,000 34,200 3 25,000 40,000 4 15,600 24,200 a-1. What is the IRR for each of these projects?
Answer:
IRR for A= 35.33%
IRR for B = 31.88%
Explanation:
Internal rate of return is the discount rate that equates the after tax cash flows from an investment to the amount invested
IRR can be calculated using a finacial calculator :
IRR for cash flow A
Cash flow in year 0 = −$ 68,000
Cash flow in year 1 = $44,000
Cash flow in year 2 = $38,000
Cash flow in year 3 = $25,000
Cash flow in year 4 = $15,600
IRR = 35.33%
IRR for cash flow A
Cash flow in year 0 = −$ 68,000
Cash flow in year 1 = $30,200
Cash flow in year 2 = 34,200
Cash flow in year 3 = $40,000
Cash flow in year 4 = $24,200
IRR = 31.88%
To find the IRR using a financial calculator:
1. Input the cash flow values by pressing the CF button. After inputting the value, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
2. After inputting all the cash flows, press the IRR button and then press the compute button
An international corporation located in Country A is considering a project in the United States. The currency in Country A, say X, has been strengthening relative to the U.S. dollar; specifically, the average devaluation of the U.S. dollar has been % per year (which is projected to continue). Assume the present exchange rate is units of X per U.S. dollar. a. What is the estimated exchange rate two years from now? b. If, instead, currency X was devaluing at the same rate (% per year) relative to the U.S. dollar, what would be the exchange rate three years from now?
Answer:
a) the US dollar would devaluate by 2.6% in the first year, that means that the exchange rate between X and the US dollar will change from 6.4X per US dollar to 6.2336X per dollar. In two years, as the US dollar devaluates even more, the exchange rate will be 6.0715X per US dollar.
b) if both currencies devaluate at the same rate, then the exchange rate between them will not vary and will still be 6.4X per US dollar.
Explanation:
some information was missing, so I looked it up:
current exchange rate = 6.4X per US dollar
devaluation rate of US dollar = 2.6% per year
Martin Farley and Ashley Clark formed a limited liability company with an operating agreement that provided a salary allowance of $70,000 and $56,000 to each member, respectively. In addition, the operating agreement specified an income-sharing ratio of 3:2. The two members withdrew amounts equal to their salary allowances. Revenues were $668,000 and expenses were $520,000, for a net income of $148,000. a. Determine the division of $148,000 net income for the year. Schedule of Division of Net Income Farley Clark Total Salary allowance $ $ $ Remaining income Net income $ $ $ b. Provide journal entries to close the (1) revenues and expenses and (2) drawing accounts for the two members. For a compound transaction, if an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank.
Answer:
a) Farley should get $83,200
Clark should get $64,800
b) December 31, closing entry income summary account
Dr Income summary 148,000
Cr Farley, Martin, capital 83,200
Cr Clark, Ashley, capital 64,800
Explanation:
Martin Farley:
$70,000 salary allowance
60% of remaining income
Ashley Clark:
$56,000 salary allowance
40% of remaining income
if net income = $148,000, then:
Farley should get $70,000 + (60% x $22,000) = $83,200
Clark should get $56,000 + (40% x $22,000) = $64,800
On July 1, 20X1, James and Short formed a partnership. James contributed cash. Short, previously a sole proprietor, contributed property other than cash, including realty subject to a mortgage, which the partnership assumed. Short’s capital account on July 1, 20X1, should be recorded at
Answer:
James and Short LLC
Short's capital account on July 1, 20X1 should be recorded at the fair value of contributed property minus the mortgage liability, which the partnership assumed.
Explanation:
The fair value of contributed property is the current market value of the contributed property by Short. It is the market value that will determine how the contributed property can be valued. The market value assumes that the contributed property is being sold in pieces and not as a whole. This is why the value is considered a fair basis for recognizing the capital contribution of Short into the partnership.
Your teammates, Sara and Juan, are having difficulty cooperating with one another even though their individual assignments are highly related. Which of the following actions is least likely to improve their cooperation?
1) Ask them to make suggestions to each another about ways to possibly improve each person’s assignment.
2) Have them work on their own and only meet with the rest of the team when absolutely necessary.
3) As a team, discuss how each member’s contributions are linked and contribute to the team’s goals.
4) Re-assign their tasks so that they are working on very different aspects of the team’s project.
Answer: Have them work on their own and only meet with the rest of the team when absolutely necessary.
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that Sara and Juan, are having difficulty cooperating with one another even though their individual assignments are highly related.
To improve their cooperation, the best thing to do is to have them work on their own and only meet with the rest of the team when absolutely necessary.
Firms that tend to focus on conducting e-business with other businesses are referred to as having a B2B model.
A. True
B. False
Answer:
A. True
Explanation:
B2B model is when companies sell goods or services to other companies instead of a consumer. Also, these transactions can occur through the internet where businesses can generate a contact and make a transaction. Because of this, the statement that says that firms that tend to focus on conducting e-business with other businesses are referred to as having a B2B model is true because this model is about transactions between companies and they can happen through the internet.
According to the two-factor theory, ________. A) there exists a hierarchy of needs within every human being, and as each need is satisfied, the next one becomes dominant B) most employees inherently dislike work and must therefore be directed or even coerced into performing it C) employees view work as being as natural as rest or play, and therefore learn to accept, and even seek, responsibility D) the aspects that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction E) achievement, power, and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivatio
Answer: D. ) the aspects that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction
Explanation:
According to the two-factor theory, it is stated that some factors in an organization or company results in job satisfaction while another group of factors results in dissatisfaction of the workers and that both of these factors doesn't depend on one another.
Therefore, the two factor theory the aspects that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction.
Option d is the right answer.
Debt financing has one important advantage that the early Modigliani and Miller (MM) propositions ignored: the interest on business debt is tax deductible. This benefit means that the amount of taxes that a business is required to
pay will be reduced by a phenomenon called an interest tax shield, which is a function of the amount of debt in the firm's capital structure and its tax rate. In contrast, the dividends that a corporation pays on its common and
preferred shares are not tax deductible.
Consider the case of Green Llama Foodstuffs, Inc.:
At the beginning of the year, Blue Chipmunk Foodstuffs, Inc. had an unlevered value of $8,500,000. It pays federal and state taxes at the marginal rate of 40%, and currently has $2,500,000 in debt capital in its capital structure.
According to MM Proposition I with taxes, Green Llama Foodstuffs is allowed to recognize a tax shield of ___________, and the levered value of the firm is:
a. $7,100,000
b. $12,500,000
c. $9,900,000
d. $4,500,000
Answer:
c. $9,500,000
Explanation:
Un-levered value = $8,500,000
Tax= 40% = 0.4
Debt capital= $2,500,000
Tax shield = Debt capital * Tax
Tax shield = $2,500,000 * 0.4
Tax shield = $1,000,000
Levered value = Unlevered value + Tax shield
Levered value = $8,500,000 + $1,000,000
Levered value = $9,500,000
Wertz Corporation issued ten-year, 8% bonds on January 1, 2017 at a discount. During 2017, the company's accountant failed to amortize any of the bond discount. The omission of the discount amortization will
Answer:
Wertz Corporation
Omission of the discount amortization will:
increase the net income by the amount of the discount that should have been amortized in the year ended December 31, 2017.
Explanation:
Wertz's bond discount represents a loss to the corporation that should be written off over the life of the bond. If the 2017 discount amortization is omitted, the net income is increased by the amount of the discount amortization expense. This means that the income is overstated by that amount. If this omission is discovered before the issuance of the financial reports, it should be reflected in the accounts. If not, depending on its materiality, this amount must be reflected by restating the 2017 financial statements.
Merry Maidens Cleaning generally charges $280 for a detailed cleaning of a normal-size home. However, to generate additional business, Merry Maidens is offering a new-customer discount of 10%. On May 1, Ms. E. Pearson has Merry Maidens clean her house and pays cash equal to the discounted price. Required: Record the revenue earned by Merry Maidens Cleaning on May 1.
Answer:
May 1
DR Cash $252
CR Service Revenue $252
(To record payment for services rendered)
Working
Cash = Net Service revenue
Net Service revenue = $280 * ( 1 - 10%)
= 280 * 90%
= $252