Answer:
No
Explanation:
The Florida Real Estate Commission was constituted in 1926. Members are appointed by the Governor.
The aim of FREC is to protect ye public from bad practices by brokers. They have the authority to impose disciplinary action on lisensees.
According to requirement of the FREC the broker is required to keep records of transactions 5 years after the transaction occurred and 2 years after any legal action.
In this case the broker kept his records 3 years after the transaction and 1 year after legal action.
So he is not protected from disciplinary action by the FREC
Jasper makes a $27,000, 90-day, 8.0% cash loan to Clayborn Co. Jasper's entry to record the collection of the note and interest at maturity should be: (Use 360 days a year.)
Answer:
Dr Cash $25,500
Cr Interest Revenue $500
Cr Notes Receivable $25,000
Explanation:
Based on the information we were told Jasper makes the amount of $27,000 which include 90-day and 8.0% cash loan to Clayborn Co, which means that Jasper's Journal entry to record the collection of the note and interest at maturity should be:
Dr Cash $25,500
(25,000+500)
Cr Interest Revenue $500
(25,000*8%*90/360)
Cr Notes Receivable $25,000
chuyển 1 TSCĐ hữu hình thuộc nguồn
NSNN cấp do không đủ tiêu chuẩn chuyển thành CCDC, theo nguyên giá 25.000,
giá trị hao mòn lũy kế: 21.000.
A 12-year capital lease specifies equal minimum annual lease payments. Part of this payment represents interest and part represents a reduction in the net lease liability. The portion of the minimum lease payment in Year 10 applicable to the reduction of the net lease liability should be:
Answer:
More than in year 8
Explanation:
A capital lease is a type of lease in which the lesser financed only the asset and all other ownership rights would be transferred to the lessee
In the given situation, the 12-year capital lease is equivalent to the annual lease payment at minimum cost
This payment involves the interest and the reduction amount
Now in the year 10 the reduction made to the lease liability should be more than in the year 8
Telecom Systems can issue debt yielding 7 percent. The company is in a 30 percent bracket. What is its aftertax cost of debt
Answer:
After tax cost of debt = 0.049 or 4.9%
Explanation:
The after tax cost of debt is the rate of debt after deducting the benefit from tax savings due to interest payments required by the debt which are deductible before calculating tax. The after tax cost of debt is somewhat an effective cost of debt. It is calculated using the following formula,
After tax cost of debt = Cost of debt * (1 - tax rate)
After tax cost of debt = 0.07 * (1 - 0.3)
After tax cost of debt = 0.049 or 4.9%
Assume that the following are independent situations recently reported in the Wall Street Journal.
a. General Electric (GE) 7% bonds, maturing January 28, 2018, were issued at 110.30.
b. Boeing 7% bonds, maturing September 24, 2032, were issued at 98.15.
Required:
a. Were GE and Boeing bonds issued at a premium or a discount?
b. The General Electric bonds were issued at a___________ and the Boeing bonds were issued at a__________
Answer:
a. Were GE and Boeing bonds issued at a premium or a discount?
GE bonds were issued at a premium, at 110.3%, while Boeing bonds were issued at a discount, at 98.15%
b. The General Electric bonds were issued at a premium (at $1,103) and the Boeing bonds were issued at a discount (at $981.50).
When bonds are issued at a value higher than face value, they are issued at a premium. When bonds are issued at a value lower than face value, they are issued at a discount.
Samm Corp. purchased a plot of land for $100,000. The cost to raze a building on the property amounted to $50,000 and Samm received $10,000 from the sale of scrap materials. Samm built a new plant on the site at a total cost of $800,000 including excavation costs of $30,000. What amount should Samm capitalize in its land account?
a. $150,000.
b. $140,000.
c. $130,000.
d. $100,000.
Answer:
$140,000
Explanation:
Sam corporation purchased a plot of land for $100,000
The cost to raze a building on the property is $50,000
Sam received $10,000 from the sale of scrap materials
$800,000 was spent by Sam to build a new plant in the site
The excavation costs was $30,000
Therefore, the amount that Samm should capitalize in its land account can be calculated as follows
= cost of land+ cost to raze a building on the property - sale of scrape materials
= $100,000 + $50,000 - $10,000
= $150,000-$10,000
= $140,000
Hence Samm should capitalize $140,000 in its land account.
Two investment advisers are comparing performance. Adviser A averaged a 20% return with a portfolio beta of 1.5, and adviser B averaged a 15% return with a portfolio beta of 1.2. If the T-bill rate was 5% and the market return during the period was 13%, which adviser was the better stock picker
Answer:
Based on the results, Adviser A's choice of stocks yielded a greater excess return. Thus, he was a better stock picker.
Adviser A's excess return = 3%
Adviser B's excess return = 0.04%
Explanation:
To compare the performance of the two stock advisers, we first need to determine the required or expected rate of return of both the portfolios.
Using the CAPM, we can calculate the expected rate of return for each portfolio.
The equation for CAPM is,
r = rRF + Beta * (rM - rRF)
Where,
rRF is the risk free raterM is the return on marketAdviser A
r = 0.05 + 1.5 * (0.13 - 0.05)
r = 0.17 or 17%
The required rate of return of Adviser A's portfolio was 17% while his portfolio yielded a return of 20% on average. The excess return on the portfolio was 20 - 17 = 3%
Adviser B
r = 0.05 + 1.2 * (0.13 - 0.05)
r = 0.146 or 14.6%
The required rate of return of Adviser B's portfolio was 14.6% while his portfolio yielded a return of 15% on average. The excess return on the portfolio was 15 - 14.6 = 0.04%
Based on the results, Adviser A's choice of stocks yielded a greater excess return. Thus, he was a better stock picker.
g Sheffield Corp. purchased a truck at the beginning of 2017 for $109200. The truck is estimated to have a salvage value of $3800 and a useful life of 131750 miles. It was driven 23000 miles in 2017 and 31000 miles in 2018. What is the depreciation expense for 2018
Answer:
$24,800
Explanation:
Calculation for the depreciation expense for 2018 for Sheffield Corp.
Using this formula
Depreciation expense = (Purchased at the beginning-Salvage value/Useful life)* Driven miles
Let plug in the formula
Depreciation expense=($109,200-$3,800/131,750)*31,000
Depreciation expense=($105,400/131,750)*31,000
Depreciation expense=0.80*31,000
Depreciation expense=$24,800
Therefore the depreciation expense for 2018 will be $24,800
(b). Cassava is the main commodity in the economy of Dumpusi. Given the hardship in the intervention, the number of cassava producers also increased in the community. In a class discussion, your Economics Lecturer said these two events would result in an increase in With the aid of a diagram, explain the possible effects of the two events on equilibrium price equilibrium price of cassava. Mary, your classmate, argues that the price will rather decrease. and quantity, assuming the salary increase has a greater impact and cassava is a normal good.
Answer:
prices decrease actually
Explanation:
with that much of cassava producers the market of the product just loses its value as it is that common that the only way to making money would be to say something about based on the communities beliefs to raise attention like "Buy some cassava to make the gods happy" something most common in African society
Nautical has two classes of stock authorized: $10 par preferred, and $1 par value common. As of the beginning of 2015, 125 shares of preferred stock and 2,700 shares of common stock have been issued. The following transactions affect stockholders� equity during 2015:
March 1 Issue 2,700 additional shares of common stock for $13 per share.
April 1 Issue 175 additional shares of preferred stock for $37 per share.
June 1
Declare a cash dividend on both common and preferred stock of $0.40 per share to all stockholders of record on June 15.
June 30 Pay the cash dividends declared on June 1.
August 1 Repurchase 175 shares of common treasury stock for $10 per share.
October 1 Reissue 125 shares of treasury stock purchased on August 1 for $12 per share.
Nautical has the following beginning balances in its stockholders� equity accounts on January 1, 2015: Preferred Stock, $1,250; Common Stock, $2,700; Paid-in Capital, $19,200; and Retained Earnings, $11,200. Net income for the year ended December 31, 2015, is $7,500.
Required:
1. Record each of these transactions. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field.)
2. Select whether each of these transactions would increase (+), decrease (?), on total assets, total liabilities, and total stockholders� equity by completing the following table. (If none of the categories apply for a particular item, leave the cell blank.)
Transaction Total Assets Total Liabilities Total Stockholders Equity
Issue common stock
Issue preferred stock
Declare cash divedens
Pay cash divedens
Repurchase treasury stock
Reissue treasury stock
Answer:
Nautical1. Journal Entries:
March 1:
Debit Cash Account $35,100
Credit Common Stock $35,100
To record the issue of 2,700 shares of common stock for $13 per share.
April 1:
Debit Cash Account $6,475
Credit Preferred STock $6,475
To record the issue of 175 shares of preferred stock for $37 per share.
June 1:
Debit Dividends $2,280
Credit Dividends Payable $2,280
To record dividends of $0.40 per share to all stockholders of record.
June 30:
Debit Dividends Payable $2,280
Credit Cash Account $2,280
To record the payment of cash dividends.
August 1:
Debit Treasury Stock $1,750
Credit Cash Account $1,750
To record the repurchase of 175 shares of common stock for $10 per share.
October 1:
Debit Cash Account $1,500
Credit Treasury Stock Account $1,500
To record the reissue of 125 shares of treasury stock for $12 per share.
2. Selection of whether each of these transactions would increase (+), decrease (?), on total assets, total liabilities, and total stockholders' equity:
Transaction Assets Liabilities Stockholders
Total Total Total Equity
Issue common stock $35,100 +$35,100 +$35,000
Issue preferred stock $6,475 +$6,475 +$6,475
Declare cash dividends $2,280 +$2,280 ?$2,280
Pay cash dividends $2,280 ?$2,280 ?$2,280
Repurchase treasury stock $1,750 ?$1,750 ?$1,750
Reissue treasury stock $1,500 +$1,500 +$1,500
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Authorized share capital:
$10 par preferred
$1 par value common
Issued, beginning of 2015:
Preferred = 125 shares
Common = 2,700 shares
b) The issue of 2,700 additional shares of common stock for $13 per share totalled $35,100. This amount is credited to the Common Stock and the receipt of cash debited to the Cash Account. The same is applicable with respect to the 175 additional shares issued at $37 per share.
c) When a cash dividend is declared, the stockholders of record on the record date of June 15 are noted, since they are the only ones that will participate in the dividends. The accounting records are debit to the dividend account and a credit to the Dividends Payable account, establishing the liability. The payment for the declared dividend is recorded with a debit to the Dividends Payable account to close the liability and a credit to the Cash Account.
d) Treasury stock is a stock of common stock repurchased by the company. The issue and reissue of treasury stock are treated in the treasury stock account if the costing method is used, otherwise, the par-value method would be operational.
We are evaluating a project that costs $874,800, has a nine-year life, and has no salvage value. Assume that depreciation is straight-line to zero over the life of the project. Sales are projected at 85,000 units per year. Price per unit is $55, variable cost per unit is $39, and fixed costs are $765,000 per year. The tax rate is 24 percent, and we require a return of 11 percent on this project. Suppose the projections given for price, quantity, variable costs, and fixed costs are all accurate to within ±10 percent.
Calculate the best-case and worst-case NPV figures
Answer:
best case scenario:
project outlay = $874,800
yearly cash flows:
projected sales = 85,000 x 110% = 93,500sales price = $55 x 110% = $60.50variable costs = $39 x 90% = $35.10fixed costs = $765,000 x 90% = $688,500depreciation costs = $874,800 / 9 = $97,200tax rate = 24%yearly cash flows = {[(93,500 x $60.50) - (93,500 x $35.10) - $688,500 - $97,200] x (1 - 24%)} + $97,200 = $1,304,992
using a financial calculator, NPV = $6,351,002.73
worst case scenario:
project outlay = $874,800
yearly cash flows:
projected sales = 85,000 x 90% = 76,500sales price = $55 x 90% = $49.50variable costs = $39 x 110% = $42.90fixed costs = $765,000 x 110% = $841,500depreciation costs = $874,800 / 9 = $97,200tax rate = 24%yearly cash flows = {[(76,500 x $49.50) - (76,500 x $42.90) - $841,500 - $97,200] x (1 - 24%)} + $97,200 = -$232,488
using a financial calculator, NPV = -$2,071,211.79
In determining whether a company's financial condition is improving or deteriorating over time, horizontal analysis of financial statement data would be more useful than vertical analysis.a. True
b. False
Answer:
a. True.
Explanation:
In determining whether a company's financial condition is improving or deteriorating over time, horizontal analysis of financial statement data would be more useful than vertical analysis.
In Financial accounting, Horizontal analysis can be defined as an analysis and evaluation of a financial statement which illustrates or gives information about changes in the amount of corresponding financial statement items, benchmarks or financial ratio over a specific period of time. It is one of the most important technique that is used to measure how a business is doing financially. Hence, it is also referred to as the trend analysis.
Under the horizontal analysis of financial statement, we use the financial statements of two or more periods; earliest and latter periods.
Generally, the earliest is chosen as the base period while all other items on the statement for a latter period will be compared with the items on the statement of the base period.
21. A noncancelable lease contains an option to purchase a leased asset at a price that is sufficiently lower than the asset's expected fair value so that the exercise of the option appears reasonably certain. The fair value of the asset exceeds the lessor's cost of the asset. Therefore, the lease will be accounted for by the lessor as a(n):
Answer: A. Sales-type lease
Explanation:
A Sales type lease is one where the present value of all the lease payments of the Asset being leased is more than the cost/ carrying amount of the Asset.
The present value of the lease Payments is the Fair Value of the asset and as seen from the question, the fair value of the asset is more than the cost of the Asset. The lease will therefore be accounted for as a Sales type lease by the lessor.
It is worthy of note that this entry affects only the lessor.
wHAT is the largest private operator of health care facilities in the world with hundred of facilities in over 20 states. In 2006, private equity buyers took the company private in a $31.6 billion acquisition. In broad terms how costly do you think financial distress would be to HCA if it began to appear the company might be having difficulty servicing its debt
Answer:
Hey There!! The answer to this is HCA: Because HCA Is The Largest Private Operator Of Health Care Facilities In The World With Hundrd Of Facilities In Over 20 States. In 2006, Private Equity Buyers Took The Company Private In A $31.6 Billion Acquisition.
Hope It Helped!~ ♡
ItsNobody~ ☆
In which of the following scenarios would enforcement of specific performance be appropriate? Multiple Choice Your bookstore agrees to order a textbook for you but breaches its contract with you by canceling the order the next day. You order 3 gallons of white ceiling paint from a local store, and the store breaches by not delivering or making available to you the 3 gallons. You own the pistol used by Hamilton and contract to buy the pistol used by Burr in the Hamilton-Burr duel to complete your set, but despite the contract the Burr pistol owner refuses to sell at the last minute. You order a current-model, name-brand television from a department store, and a few days later the store breaches by not ordering it from the manufacturer.
Answer:
Correct Answer:
2. You order 3 gallons of white ceiling paint from a local store, and the store breaches by not delivering or making available to you the 3 gallons.
3. You own the pistol used by Hamilton and contract to buy the pistol used by Burr in the Hamilton-Burr duel to complete your set, but despite the contract the Burr pistol owner refuses to sell at the last minute.
1. Your bookstore agrees to order a textbook for you but breaches its contract with you by canceling the order the next day.
Explanation:
In enforcement of specific performance is applied in situations where there there is an established contract that has was not honored. This bridge of contract would then trigger performance enforcement.
Let M be the number of units to make and B be the number of units to buy. If it costs $2 to make a unit and $3 to buy a unit and 4000 units are needed, the objective function is
Min 2M + 3B
Min 4000 (M + B)
Max 2M + 3B
Max 8000M + 12000B
Answer:
Min 2M + 3B
Explanation:
Data provided in the question
Let us assume M denotes the making units
B denotes the buying units
So,
Making cost per unit = $2
And, the buying cost per unit = $3
And, the total number of units required = 4,000 units
Based on the above information, the objective function is Min 2M + 3B.
This indicates the minimum total cost
Hence, the correct option is A.
A 65-year old widow that is in a low tax bracket and that has a low risk tolerance wishes to make an investment that will provide income. Which is the BEST recommendation
Answer:
Bank Certificate of Deposit (CD)
Explanation:
For the 65-year old widow in this scenario, the best recommendation would be a Bank Certificate of Deposit (CD). A traditional Bank CD is a time-bound deposit, in which you enter into an agreement to let the bank use your money for a fixed period of time, and in return, the bank pays you a higher interest rate than it would for a traditional savings account. Thus providing a good income with very low risk.
Tasty Doughnuts has computed the net present value for capital expenditure at two locations. Relevant data related to the computation are as follows: Des Moines Cedar Rapids Total present value of net cash flow $712,500 $848,000 Amount to be invested (750,000) (800,000) Net present value $(37,500) $ 48,000 a. Determine the present value index for each proposal. Round your answers for the present value index to two decimal places.
Answer:
0.95 and 1.06
Explanation:
The computation of the present value index is shown below:
Present value index = Present Value of net cash Flow ÷ Amount invested
So for each projects, it would be
Particulars Des Moines Cedar Rapids
Total present value of
net cash flow (A) $712,500 $848,000
Amount invested (B) $750,000 $800,000
Present value index (A ÷ B) 0.95 1.06
If a corporation has a dividend payout ratio of 75%, the undistributed earnings (25%) will:_________.
A. increase earnings per share.
B. decrease book value.
C. increase capital in excess of par
D. increase retained earnings
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Retained earnings is what is left of net income after a company has paid out dividends to its shareholders.
A bond par value is $1,000 and the coupon rate is 5.1 percent. The bond price was $946.02 at the beginning of the year and $979.58 at the end of the year. The inflation rate for the year was 2.6 percent. What was the bond's real return for the year
Answer:
the bond's real return for the year is 6.18 %.
Explanation:
First find the nominal return of the bond then the real return as follows :
PV = - $946.02
Pmt = $1,000 × 5.10% = $51
P/yr = 1
FV = $979.58
n = 1
r = ?
Using a Financial Calculator, the nominal return of the bond, r is 8.9385 %.
Real Return = ( 1 + nominal return) / (1 + inflation rate) -1
= (1 + 0.089395) / (1 + 0.026) - 1
= 0.0618 or 6.18 %
Concord Corporation has 34000 units in beginning finished goods. If sales are expected to be 140000 units for the year and Concord desires ending finished goods of 40000 units, how many units must the company produce
Answer:
146,000 units
Explanation:
The computation of units must the company produce is shown below:-
As we know that
Units sold = opening inventory + units produced - Closing inventory
So,
Units Produced = Units sold - opening inventory + Closing inventory
= 140,000 - 34,000 + 40,000
= 146,000 units
Hence, the number of units produced by the company is 146,000 units
TRUE OR FALSE ? WHY ? Plesae help me
1. The goods that the enterprise wants or intends to add to its capital stock are inventories.
2. In a simple economy, the gross national product is the same as the gross domestic product and the national income.
3. The central bank cannot go bankrupt because it is always able to repay depositors' withdrawals by printing new notes at a faster rate.
4. Inflation is a phenomenon of money, so just reducing the money supply will reduce inflation.
Answer:
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
Explanation:
1. in accounting the stock is treated as inventories
2. because the GNP considers the output of a country's citizens regardless of where that economic activity occurred. GNP expresses the total value of all goods (products and services) produced by the residents of a particular country, regardless of national borders, thus including their foreign assets. while GDP considers the activity within a national economy regardless of the residency of the producers.
3. Financing for central banks is completely different to that of commercial banks and private corporations because their commitments – banknotes and commercial banks’ overnight deposits held at central banks are the only authorized forms of payment in their jurisdiction. Central banks have a monopoly on creating money,
4. inflation is a monetary phenomenon means to control the supply of money
15 POINTS IF U ANSWER NOW!!!!! Which non-income factor for a potential job promotion would influence a person whose mother needs frequent medical attention? A.) Location (im pretty sure its not A) B.) Personal satisfaction C.) Independence D.)Family
Answer:
D. Family
Explanation:
It is important negotiators consider the shadow negotiation carefully before meeting with the other party so they:________
a. understand where the boundaries of the current negotiations are and should be.
b. are clear in their own minds about the scope of the negotiations.
c. understand how they would ideally like to work with the other party.
d. determine what ground the negotiation is going to cover and how the negotiators are going to work together.
e. understand that all the above are important to the shadow negotiations.
Answer:
b. are clear in their own minds about the scope of the negotiations.
Explanation:
Shadow negotiations refer to the unspoken assumptions that determine how those involved in a deal with each other, whose opinions get heard, whose interests hold sway. Therefore, this is important so the negotiators are clear in their own minds about the scope of the negotiations. Meaning that they go into the negotiation knowing who has more bargaining power and how far they can actually take the negotiation.
You have gathered the following information on your investments. What is the expected return on the portfolio? Stock Number of Shares Price per Share Expected Return F 310 $ 40 13.32 % G 315 $ 26 10.05 % H 255 $ 52 10.59 %
Answer:
Expected return on the portfolio = $3,879.00
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Stock Number of Shares Price per Share Expected Return Expected
Value
F 310 $ 40 13.32 % $1,651.68
G 315 $ 26 10.05 % $823.09
H 255 $ 52 10.59 % $1,404.23
Total 880 $3,879.00
b) The expected return on the portfolio is the addition of the expected returns of each class of shares. This is obtained by multiplying the number of shares in each class with the price and the expected return in percentage. This gives a weighted value for the class of shares, which are then added to obtain the expected return on the portfolio.
One of the least desirable and routine tasks members of your team must do is taking minutes (notes) at team meetings. Proof that this task is disagreeable can be seen in the repeated arguments among team members before every meeting about who should take the minutes. Which of the following would be the most effective way for the team to address this stuation?
A. Ask your manager to decide in order to minimize any personal bias among team members.
B. Randomly assign a person to bé the official note taker at the beginig of each meeting
C. Create a rotating assignment so each team member shares note taking.
D. Assign note taking to whichever person enters last at each
Answer:
C. Create a rotating assignment so each team member shares note taking.
Explanation:
In the case noted in the question above, there is a situation that could be unpleasant if it were decided by some type of bias.
Therefore, the most appropriate alternative for the team to address this situation would be to create a rotating assignment for each team member to share the notes. This way it would not happen that a team member is always chosen to perform a task that causes dissatisfaction in the whole team. Creating a rotating assignment to carry out the task would guarantee the uniformity of the task assignment and avoid possible dissatisfactions, inequalities and interpersonal conflicts that could arise.
You purchased 500 shares of Barden Enterprises stock for $55.43 per share at the beginning of the year. The stock is currently priced at $57.48 per share. What is your dividend yield if you received total dividends of $835 over the year?
Answer:
Dividend yield is 2.91 %.
Explanation:
Dividend yield = Annual Dividend per Share / Stock Price per Share × 100
where,
Annual Dividend per Share = Total Dividends ÷ Total Number of Shares
= $835 ÷ 500
= $1.67
then,
Dividend yield = $1.67 / $57.48 × 100
= 2.905 or 2.91 %
has a target debt−equity ratio of 1.35. Its WACC is 8.3 percent, and the tax rate is 35 percent. If the company’s cost of equity is 14 percent, what is its pretax cost of debt? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter yo
Answer:
5.74%
Explanation:
WACC = weight of equity x cost of equity + weight of debt x cost of debt x (1 - tax rate)
weight of debt = D / (D + E) = 1.35/ (1.35 + 1) = 0.574468 = 57.4468%
weight of equity = 100% - 57.4468% = 42.5532%
let x represent pretax cost of debt
8.1% = 0.425532 x 14% +( 0.574468x) x 0.65
8.1% = 0.373404x + 5.957448%
solve for x
x = 5.74%
What value does a gender analysis add to the study of the global political economy?
Gender analysis provides information that recognizes that gender, and its relationship with race, ethnicity, culture, class, age, disability, and/or other status, is important in understanding the different patterns of involvement, behaviour and activities that women and men have in economic, social and legal.The essay concludes that a gender analysis is fundamental to IPE because it demonstrates the centrality of the differential valorisation of the masculine and the feminine to the functioning of the global political economy, and thus creates opportunities for political activism and resistance.
You're evaluating the performance of your pension fund. You invested $100 initially, which grew to $106 after 4 months, and then to $107 after another 6 months.
a. What was your HPR during the first 4 months?b. What was your HPR during the next 5 months?c. What was your total HPR over the 9 months?
Answer:
a) the holding period return (HPR) for the first 4 months = ($106 - $100) / $100 = 6%
b) the holding period return (HPR) for the next 5 months = ($107 - $106) / $106 = 0.94%
c) the holding period return (HPR) for the 9 months period = ($107 - $100) / $100 = 7%
The holding period return measures the total return on an investment over a certain period of time. It does not necessarily calculate annual returns, since the holding period can be more or less than 1 year.