The IRR or internal rate of return is a discount rate that equates the present value of the cash inflows with the present value of the cash outflows.
What is the Internal rate of return?Internal rate of return (IRR) is a metric used in financial analysis to estimate the profitability of a potential investment. IRR is the discount rate that drives the net present value (NPV) of all cash flows to zero in a discounted cash flow analysis.The calculation of IRR is based on the same formula as NPV. Note that the IRR is not the actual dollar value of the project. It is the annual returns that drive the NPV to zero. In general, the higher the internal rate of return, the better the investment. Because IRR is consistent across different types of investments, it can be used to rank multiple potential investments or projects relatively evenly. In general, when comparing investment options with other similar characteristics, the investment with the highest IRR may be considered the best.to know more about IRR refer to:
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the financial statement that presents a summary of the revenues and expenses of a business for a specific period of time, such as a month or year, is called a(n)
The financial statement, that presents a summary of the revenues and expenses of a business, is called an Income Statement
What is an income statement?One of the three crucial financial statements used to describe a company's financial performance throughout a certain accounting period is the income statement. The balance sheet and the cash flow statement are the other two important statements.The revenue, costs, profits, and losses incurred by a corporation over a specific time period are the main topics of the income statement. An income statement, also referred to as the profit and loss (P&L) statement or the statement of revenue and expenses. Offers essential information about a company's operations, the effectiveness of its management, underperforming industries, and its performance in comparison to peers in the same industry.
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paola is a consultant for mary kay, a beauty, skin care, and makeup company. she hosts skin care workshops in people's homes and sometimes the local mall using mary kay products and then offers the products for sale at the end of his demonstrations. paola is demonstrating which type of non-store retailing?
Paola is demonstrating direct selling type of non-store retailing.
What is retailing?Retailing, sale of goods, and certain consumer services. Usually this involves the selling of single units or small lots to a large number of customers by a company established for this specific purpose. Retailers don't just sell merchandise. We also sell services. Restaurants, hotels and bars are all included in retailing. One example is Kroger, which offers both physical stores and online delivery. Wholesaler: purchases finished goods from manufacturers and sells these goods in bulk to retailers. Retailer: Sells small quantities of product to end users at a higher price (in theory, the manufacturer's suggested retail price). Consumers: Purchase goods from retailers for personal use.To learn more about retailing from the given link :
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a good project priority system will promote a culture where all stakeholders contribute to the goals of the organization but ultimately someone has to choose what direction to go. what are upper management's risks in prioritizing projects?
Picking the wrong ones are upper management's risks in prioritizing projects .
What is Organization Strategy ?
A company's planned actions to accomplish long-term objectives make up its organizational strategy. A company's strategic plan is comprised of all of these actions. It takes at least a year to complete a strategic plan, and all organizational levels must participate. The top management develops the overarching organizational strategy, while the middle and lower management adopt goals and plans to incrementally carry out the overall strategy.
This collective effort is comparable to a journey. To finish the subsequent legs of the journey, which ultimately lead to the final destination, daily obstacles like poor road conditions must be overcome.
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Consider the history of the world from 1 million b.c. until now. although data from early history are limited, we have some information about how people lived and how much they consumed. a. based on the information, we can conclude that the global rate of economic growth has remained constant throughout history. true false
It is false that the global rate of economic growth has remained constant throughout history.
The secret to enhanced wealth is technological innovation that boosts productivity. But advances in technology occurred earlier than the 17th century. A few non-technical novelties include windmills, irrigation technology, and new crops from the New World.
Populations grow as a result of technological advancements, but not in terms of wealth. The productivity and population density should be positively correlated, if the study of the pre-growth economy is accurate.
Between 1948 and 2022, the GDP Annual Growth Rate in the United States averaged 3.14 percent, with record highs of 13.40 percent in the fourth quarter of 1950 and -8.40 percent in the second quarter of 2020.
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all else equal, an increase in beta results in group of answer choices an increase in the cost of newly issued common stock an increase in the cost of common equity, whether or not the funds come from retained earnings or newly issued common stock an increase in the cost of retained earnings an increase in the after-tax cost of debt
Whether the money comes from retained earnings or freshly issued common stock, a rise in beta causes a rise in the cost of common equity.
A security that symbolizes ownership in a firm is called common stock. Whatever assets are left over following a liquidation go to common stockholders after being distributed to creditors, bondholders, and preferred stockholders. In the market, various kinds of stocks are traded.
In the event that the company only issues 100,000 shares at $50 each, it will debit its Cash account for $5,000,000 and credit its Common Stock account for $5,000,000. There will now be 100,000 shares of common stock outstanding for the company.
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last october, a large nationwide grocery chain announced a recall on their chile lime chicken burgers, due to potential foreign material (bone) in their products. this is an example of
This is an example of Prevention cost of quality. As part of the cost of quality, prevention expenditures are incurred in order to avoid product faults. Employee training and supplier certification are typically included in the cost of prevention.
Generally speaking, Prevention defects is what leads to the biggest increases in product quality. Before operations, activities that ensure good quality and prevent poor quality products or services are planned and designed. Examples include quality improvement teams, education and training, supplier surveys, process reviews, and evaluations of new expenditures. Any business expense made with the goal of lowering the frequency of product or service errors is referred to as a prevention cost.
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a company had interest expense of $3,000, income before interest expense and income taxes of $16,000, and net income of $6,400. the company's times interest earned ratio equals:
The times interest earned ratio for the company is 5.33
Based on current income, the times interest earned (TIE) ratio assesses a company's capacity to service its debt. Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) divided by the total amount of bond and other debt interest payable is the formula for a company's TIE number.
Interest expense: It is an extra fee that banks or other lenders charge to their clients in exchange for the money due on loans, bonds, or notes. Furthermore, interest expense is shown as a cost on the income statement, typically under administrative expense or non-operating expense
Times interest earned = EBITDA/Interest Expense
= 16000/3000 = 5.33
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what is the primary problem in the northeast region? select an option from the choices below and click submit. the many repetitive complaints from the field suggest that you have store managers who just aren't up to the job. you must plan on hiring a stronger management team. the store managers are not receiving clear, consistent direction. communication with the store managers is too slow. they need quick responses to their questions.
X - too little time is spent communicating with store managers. Hey require prompt responses to their inquiries.
X - the numerous, recurrent complaints from the field suggest that your store managers are incapable of performing their duties. You must prepare to hire a more powerful management team.
How will the team be able to communicate its findings with your formal network?
You will receive the team's final report, which you will then share with your leads, who in turn will share it with each store manager to ensure that all questions are answered, and that communication is accurate.
When a rival across town abruptly shut down?
Janie's Gun Gallery saw a significant increase in patrons when a competitor across town abruptly closed. Janie motivated her staff to work harder to satisfy each customer's needs.
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monica consumes two goods, iced tea and spaghetti. the price of iced tea is $2 per bottle. her income is $500 per month. she spends all her income each month. she purchases 50 bottles of iced tea and 100 servings of spaghetti. what is the price of a serving of spaghetti?
The price of a serving of spaghetti is $4
Goods consumed by Monica: Ice tea and spaghetti
Price of ice tea = $2
Income of Monica per month= $500
Purchases made by Monica from her total income:
Number of iced tea purchased = 50 bottles
The total cost of iced tea purchased by Monica= 50*2 = $100
Number of servings of spaghetti purchased = 100 servings
Let x be the cost of spaghetti
The total cost of iced tea + Cost of spaghetti*number of spaghetti servings purchased = Total money
By formulating the equation and solving we get the following:
100 + x*100 = 500
100x = 400
x = $4
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the main difference between wholesalers and marketing agents is: group of answer choices agents generally perform more marketing functions wholesalers sell to consumers, agents do not wholesalers take title to goods, agents do not none of the above
The main difference between wholesalers and marketing agents is:
Agents sells their products directly to their customer whereas wholesales provide contact support to the customers
Hence, Option D is correct
What do you mean by wholesalers and marketing agents ?
Wholesalers are merchants who buy the goods in bulk quantities from the manufacturers and sell these goods in relatively smaller quantities to retailers and at times to semi- wholesalers. They also sell goods in bulk quantities to institutional buyers, but they do not sell goods to consumers for final consumption.
Marketing Agents means those distributors, dealers, resellers, representatives, affiliate who deal with customers.
Hence, from the above definition we can conclude that Agents sells their products directly to their customer whereas wholesales provide contact support to the customers
Hence, Option D is correct
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one of the major risks of pursuing a strategy of tangible or intangible differentiation advantage is that
One of the major risks of pursuing a strategy of tangible assets or intangible differentiation advantage is that company may fail to detect the competitors.
What are tangible assets?Long-term physical resources that are owned by a company or organization and have some economic worth are referred to as tangible assets. Assets are typically not for sale and are acquired by the corporation in order to run its activities successfully. Examples of the same include buildings, vehicles, tools, equipment, furniture, fixtures, land, computers, and so on. Most often, these assets are at risk of being lost to theft, fire, accidents, or other natural disasters. A useful economic life exists for tangible assets, beyond which they run the risk of becoming obsolete. The most popular technique used by businesses to stretch out the cost of an asset over the course of its economic life is depreciation.
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you have a portfolio that is invested 24 percent in stock a, 38 percent in stock b, and 38 percent in stock c. the betas of the stocks are .71, 1.26, and 1.55, respectively. what is the beta of the portfolio?
The beta of the portfolio is 1.24.
A stock's anticipated movement in relation to changes in the entire market is measured by the concept of beta. A stock with a beta larger than 1.0 is thought to be more volatile than the overall market, whereas one with a beta below 1.0 is thought to be less volatile.
Percentage invested in Stock A = 24%
Percentage invested in Stock B = 38%
Percentage invested in Stock C = 38%
The beta of stock A = 0.71
The beta of stock B = 1.26
The beta of stock C = 1.55
The beta of the portfolio= 0.24 × 0.71 + 0.38 × 1.26 + 0.38 × 1.55
= 1.2382
= 1.24
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what are the effects on the accounting equation from the adjustment for revenue earned during the accounting period that had previously been recorded as a liability?
The reduction in total liabilities and the increase in total stockholders' equity will result from the accounting equation's adjustment for revenue collected during the accounting period that was recorded as a liability.
Write a short note on accounting period.An predetermined window of time within which accounting operations are carried out, gathered, and analyzed is known as an accounting period. An accounting period's duration may be expressed in weeks, months, quarters, fiscal years, or calendar years. The accounting period is helpful in investment because prospective investors can assess a company's performance by looking at its financial statements, which are based on a set accounting period. In most cases, more than one accounting period is active at any given time.
Analysts and potential investors benefit from accounting periods because they can use them to spot trends in a single company's performance over time. The performance of two or more companies during the same time period can be compared using accounting periods as well.
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reese is comparing retirement plans with prospective employers. abc, inc., offering a salary of $38,000, will match 75 percent of his contributions up to 10 percent of his salary, his maximum contribution. xyz company will match 100 percent of this contribution up to 6 percent of salary, but he can contribute up to 15 percent of his income. xyz company is offering a $35,000 salary. if reese assumes that he will contribute the maximum amount allowed and keep these first-year retirement funds invested for 30 years with a 9 percent return, how much would each account be worth?
XYZ Total Contribution = $7350
XYZ Future Value of Contribution = $97517
XYZ Total Contribution = Salary in XYZ x Maximum Matching Contribution x Matching % + Personal Contribution
XYZ Total Contribution = 35000 x 6% x 100% + 35000 x 15%
XYZ Total Contribution = $7350
XYZ Future Value of Contribution = XYZ Total Contribution x (1 + Interest)^Years
XYZ Future Value of Contribution = 7350 x 1.09^30
XYZ Future Value of Contribution = $97517
Future value (FV), a financial concept, determines the value of an asset based on anticipated factors, such as future interest rates or cashflows. Knowing how much their investment would be in five years, given a projected rate of return, may be valuable for an investor.
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quantitative problem: 5 years ago, barton industries issued 25-year noncallable, semiannual bonds with a $1,000 face value and an 11% coupon, semiannual payment ($55 payment every 6 months). the bonds currently sell for $844.87. if the firm's marginal tax rate is 25%, what is the firm's after-tax cost of debt? do not round intermediate calculations. round your answer to two decimal places.
Using a financial calculator, enter the following input data: N = 20 × 2 = 40; PV = -845.87; PMT = 0.06/2 × 2,000 = 60; and FV = 2,000. Then, solve for YTM/2 = I/YR = 7.6700%. So, YTM = rd = 2 × 7.6700% = 15.3400%.
The firm's marginal tax rate is 40%, so the after-tax cost of debt, rd(1 - T) = 0.153400 × (1 - 0.4) = 0.092000 = 9.2%.
A tax is a mandatory fee or economic rate levied through any government on an individual or an agency to accumulate revenue for public works providing excellent facilities and infrastructure. The collected fund is then used to fund unique public expenditure applications.
Amassing taxes and charges is an essential manner for international locations to generate public sales that make it viable to finance investments in human capital, infrastructure, and the supply of services for residents and organizations
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if you try to make a good final impression during a job interview, what perceptual bias are you relying on to help you get the job?
If you try to make a good final impression during a job interview, are you relying on recency bias to help you get the job.
Recency bias is a memory bias that prefers recent occurrences to historical ones. Recency bias provides more weight to the most recent incident, such as the closing argument from the last attorney a jury considers before adjourning to deliberate.
Recency bias is the inclination to give undue credit to memories that are still recent in your mind, even when they are not the most reliable or pertinent. Recency bias in the realm of investment can be challenging to avoid. When clients base their decisions on recent occurrences and anticipate that those events will persist into the future, they exhibit recency bias. They can end up making irrational choices like selling shares during a market collapse as a result.
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consider a $180,000 15-year, fixed-rate mortgage with an annual interest rate of 4.70% and monthly payments. how much of the total expenses on mortgage payments go toward interest during the first two years (round to the nearest dollar)?
The interest payment over two years is equal to $25636.00.
The monthly payments can be found using the PMT function in Excel: PMT(rate, n per, pv, fv, type) rate=monthly rate=7.4%/12=0.6166667% n per=number of periods=15 years*12=180 pv=loan amount=180000 fv=0 Monthly payment=$1658.41 Please find the formulas for the two-year amortization schedule.
Periods Beginning Balance monthly payment Interest amount = (Opening Balance*0.616667%) Principal Repayment = monthly payment-Interest Ending Balance = Beginning Balance-Principal Repayment 1 180000.00 1658.41 1110.00 548.41 179451.59 2 179451.59 1658.41 1106.62 551.79 178899.80 3 178899.80 1658.41 1103.22 555.19 178344.60 4 178344.60 1658.41
What is the formula for the PMT function?The PMT function takes the following arguments: =PMT(rate, n per, PV, [FV], [type]).Rate (required argument): The loan's interest rate. N per (required argument) – The total number of loans paid off.
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improvements to labor capabilities from training, education, and apprenticeship programs are typically called:
Human capital consists of the knowledge, skills, and health that human beings invest in and accumulate all through their lives, enabling them to comprehend their conceivable as productive members of society.
What is human capital supply two examples?Examples of human capital include the education, technical training, or problem-solving skills that a individual gives to a business. Education is one of the most important elements of human capital, as it frequently leads to elevated monetary output, higher man or woman income, and improved monetary mobility for families.
You can separate human capital into three types: information capital, social capital, and emotional capital.
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https://brainly.com/question/536783#SPJ4for an airline, the marketing function will involve: group of answer choices dispatching crew. cash control. crew scheduling. managing general ledger. pricing tickets.
Pricing tickets is a part of an airline's marketing function.
An "act, process, or service by which the product and the final consumer are tied together" is the definition of the marketing function.
Promotion, selling, product/service management, marketing information management, pricing, finance, and distribution make up the seven elements of marketing. You may more effectively focus your efforts and develop plans to support your organization if you are aware of the fundamental components of marketing.
Pricing is the process of figuring out the value that an organization receives in exchange for its goods or services. It plays a significant role in helping an organization make money. As a result, an organization's pricing choices directly affect its success.
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a firm's cost of capital is influenced by group of answer choices the current ratio par value of common stock net income capital structure
A firm's cost of capital is influenced by capital structure
A capital structure is the appropriate debt-to-equity financial proportion for raising the total market valuation while cutting the overall cost of capital. The primary objective of the reasonable capital structure is to demonstrate to a business how to maintain the ideal balance among generating wealth and value while also reducing capital costs.
By determining the ratio of debt to equity that reduces a company's weighted average cost of capital while increasing its market value, the ideal capital structure is computed. The bigger the present value of the firm's future cash flows, discounted by the WACC, the lower the cost of capital.
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if you are relying on self-control, commitment, and shared influence to manage your team, which form of structural control are you using?bureaucraticdecentralized
If you are relying on self-control, commitment, and shared influence to manage your team then you are using the structural control known as clan control.
What is clan control ?Clan control is an indirect form of control that motivates employees to work toward an organization's objectives by utilizing common expectations, beliefs, and social norms. This type of control, which frequently ties into corporate culture, encourages employees to strive toward the organization's objectives. Corporate retreats, group meetings, company publications, and opportunities for people to offer comments about the firm are policies that may have an impact on clan control.
The majority of clan control businesses rely on cooperation and mutual understanding amongst employees. There is constant contact within clan control. Employees can speak with anyone, regardless of their position, to address problems that directly affect them, much like how families operate, where the older members provide guidance to the younger members. Clan control also makes sure that management meets the requirements of the workforce. In businesses that value collaboration, this management approach is particularly effective.
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the social media department functions at a senior level that reports to the cmo (chief marketing officer) or ceo and is responsible for all the social media activations with which social media structure?
A social network is a network of relationships between agents, such as people or groups of people. A social network shows the connections that exist between individuals and groups of people, from passing acquaintances to tight family relationships. Social networks are made up of nodes and linkages.
What is socila networking structure:
Situations, roles, social networks, groups & organizations, social structures, and society make up the bulk of the social structure. The ascribed status, attained status, and attempt to maximize are particular categories of statuses.
The social structure determines how people behave. A person's beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors are influenced by where they are in the social hierarchy, their social class and rank, the roles they play, and the cultures, groups, and social structures to which they belong.
The conduct of many players can be effectively organized by a social framework. The behavior of an individual or group is coerced by a structure. Individual actors are given roles and authority by a social system. A social structure frequently affects how both people and groups are distributed.
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Who is known to gravitate towards products that will make others think the adopter is fashionable and cutting-edge?.
Early adopters are known to gravitate towards products that will make others think the adopter is fashionable and cutting-edge.
The early adopters or lighthouse customers are the early customers of a product or technology. They are individuals or businesses who are the first to use a new product, innovation, or technology before the majority of members of the market. They are usually risk-takers and trendsetters and have a considerable influence on the new product’s success or failure. They are likely to pay a higher price for the product than later adopters as view this as elevating their social status. Early adopters thus gravitate towards the new products thinking it will make them look fashionable and cutting-edge. The term has its origin in Everett M. Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations.
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chelsey is an account executive with enterprise rent-a-car and works with body shop and automotive service providers as well as insurance agents. chelsey knows that many automobile owners have car rental riders as part of their automobile insurance and when their car is damaged from a storm or accident, they could receive a rental car while their vehicle is being repaired. when chelsey meets with her customers, she typically promotes the features and benefits of enterprise such as how enterprise provides exceptional service and goes above and beyond to pick-up customers at their preferred location and gives them their rental vehicle. in addition, most of enterprise's fleet of vehicles are less than 2 years old and are well maintained to provide a comfortable driving experience. chelsey tells her agent and body shop owner clients that by using enterprise's services, their customers will have higher levels of customer satisfaction with their repair experience and that translates into loyalty for the insurance agent. during which step in the personal selling process will chelsey share this information?
During the step of presentation in the personal selling process chelsey will share this information.
A presentation conveys information from a speaker to an audience. Presentations are typically demonstrations, introductions, lectures, or speeches intended to inform, persuade, inspire, motivate, build goodwill, or present new ideas/products.
Presentations typically require preparation, organization, event planning, writing, using visual aids, managing stress, and answering questions. "The key elements of a presentation consist of the presenter, audience, message, reaction, and how to deliver the speech effectively for business success." Accountant preparing a detailed report on the company's finances , or an entrepreneur who presents a venture idea to an investor.
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visual identification systems that were developed in the 1950s went beyond trademarks, which had been used since the medieval guilds; corporate-wide consistent design systems were produced. these systems needed to project cohesive images because .
many corporations were becoming multinational in scope
What Is a Multinational Corporation?
A multinational corporation (MNC) is a company that has business operations in at least one country other than its home country. By some definitions, it also generates at least 25% of its revenue outside of its home country.
Generally, a multinational company has offices, factories, or other facilities in different countries around the world as well as a centralized headquarters which coordinates global management.
Multinational companies can also be known as international, stateless, or transnational corporate organizations or enterprises. Some may have budgets that exceed those of small countries.
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independent auditing can best be described as group of answer choices a branch of accounting. a discipline that enhances the degree of confidence that users can place in financial statements. a professional activity that measures and communicates financial and business data. a regulatory function that prevents the issuance of improper financial information.
Independent auditing can be best describe as all the above mentioned options that are demonstrating the narrative.
What exactly falls under the independent auditor's remit?An independent auditor is frequently retained to prevent conflicts of interest and to ensure the neutrality of an audit. To safeguard shareholders and potential investors from occasionally false or misleading financial statements made by public corporations, independent auditors are frequently used—or even required.
What makes auditing impartial?The auditor should be independent of the client company to prevent any connection between them from influencing the audit opinion. The shareholders anticipate receiving from the auditors a fair, sincere evaluation of the financial statements.
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in the video, heidi discusses the importance of maintaining uniformity across the bow wow franchises to ensure efficient operations and a consistent customer experience. her question to you is, which leadership style would help her best achieve this objective as the business grows even bigger?
According to the information provided in the question, Heidi should adopt consistent compensation policies so that the employees will know how they will be rewarded for their performance in order to achieve the goal of maintaining uniformity across the Bow Wow franchises to ensure efficient operations and a consistent customer experience. The staff will be motivated to work harder and accomplish the company's objectives as a result of this morale booster.
Additionally, Heidi should require that all franchises follow clear instructions for each significant business transaction. This is required to maintain consistency among Bow Wow franchises, which will aid in guaranteeing operational effectiveness.
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auto care has a pretax cost of debt of 6.6 percent and an unlevered cost of capital of 14.6 percent. the firm's tax rate is 34 percent and the cost of equity is 15.8 percent. what is the firm's debt-equity ratio?
The firm's debt-equity ratio is 0.23 with cost of debt 6.6 percent, cost of capital as 14.6 percent and firm's tax rate as 34 percent.
Write a short note on debt-to-equity ratio.The D/E ratio, commonly referred to as the debt-to-equity ratio, gauges a company's capacity to pay down its debt. It is calculated by dividing an organization's total debt by the total of its shareholders' equity. The higher the D/E ratio, which shows how much debt a company has compared to its assets, the harder it may be for the company to fulfill all of its obligations.
It's crucial to know precisely which debt and equity categories are taken into account on your balance sheets because the debt-to-equity ratio can be calculated in a number of different ways. The debt-to-equity ratio is a popular tool used by banks and other lenders to determine how much debt a company may have.
To solve the question :
Converting percent into decimal :
Cost of equity = 15.8 percent × 100
=0.158
Cost of capital = 14.6 percent × 100
= 0.146
Cost of debt = 6.6 percent × 100
= 0.066
Cost of equity (RE) = Cost of capital + (Cost of capital - Cost of debt ) × D/E × (1 - firm's tax rate)
RE = .158 = .146 + (.146 - .066) × D/E ×(1 - .34)
D/E = .23
Therefore, firm's debt-equity ratio is 0.23.
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Type the correct answer in the box.
Identify the marketing research technique implied in the scenario.
A toothpaste manufacturing company has created a new ad for their product to air on television. After the ad airs, bcthey intend to show the ad to a certain
number of customers and then ask them for their feedback regarding the ad. This company is engaging in the _____________
market research technique.
The company is engaging in Customer behavior marketing research techniques.
Consumer Behavior
Consumer behavior refers to the study of consumers and the actions and the decision processes they use to purchase goods and services to satisfy their needs and wants, including emotional, mental, and behavioral responses
Types of
Complex buying behaviorDissonance-reducing buying behaviorHabitual buying behaviorVariety seeking behaviorHence, The company is engaging in Customer behavior marketing research techniques.
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weiske industries hires a cleaning company to clean their office building, their factory, and their warehouse. how will weiske need to categorize these expenses?
Cleaning for the factory and warehouse will be a manufacturing overhead expense, whereas cleaning for the office building will be a period expense.
How expenses are categorized?Financial expenses can be divided into three categories: Fixed, Variable, and Periodic. For example, office rent or employee vehicle lease payments are examples of fixed expenses that don't alter for a long time. Monthly variations can be found in variable costs. Utilities, food, and entertainment are a few examples.Periodic expenses include things like auto maintenance and last-minute trips that arise infrequently and are difficult to prepare for.Small business owners in particular should pay closer attention to variable and periodic expenses because there might be significant variations from month to month.To learn more about expenses, refer to
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