the physical symptoms of cholera present only after a specific series of events has taken place. what is the most likely sequence of events in the pathogenesis of v. cholera

Blood pressure, breathing, heart rate, and sweating all drop as digestion increases.

The hormone acetylcholine is released by the parasympathetic nervous (PNS) to slow the heart rate. Your heart rate may briefly increase due to stress, coffee, and excitement, but it may momentarily decrease due to meditation or deep, steady breathing. Patients with hypertension exhibit decreased parasympathetic activity in contrast to sympathetic stimulation activity, indicating an imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems [39,40,41]. In diabetic individuals with impaired parasympathetic regulation, blood pressure, hypertension is more common. Construction of pupils is the result of parasympathetic nervous system stimulation. reduced blood pressure and heart rate. The sympathetic branch is stimulated, which facilitates function and raises heart rate.

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Neurotransmitters can either be deactivated by enzymes or reuptake, a type of chemical recycling, can reabsorb them from the terminal button.

After finishing its task, a neurotransmitter can either be destroyed or reabsorbed. After serving as a chemical messenger, a neurotransmitter is either eliminated by an enzyme like monoamine oxidase or it is reabsorbed by the neuron that produced it, as Julius Axelrod discovered.

Once a neurotransmitter has completed its job of conveying a neuronal impulse, it is reabsorb able by a neurotransmitter transporter found along the plasma membrane of an axon terminal or glial cell.

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Answer:

clay, mica, Dolomite, sand, marble

Explanation:

In asexual type of reproduction the offspring grow specifically from the stem or root of a plant.

New plants are created by asexual reproduction without the need for seed production. In this kind of asexual reproduction, the roots, stems, leaves, and buds are used to create new plants.

Asexual reproduction refers to a type of reproduction when a offspring is born to a single parent. The newly created people are clones of their parents since they have the same genetic makeup and physical characteristics. Both multicellular and unicellular organisms can reproduce asexually.

The full gene pool of their single parent is inherited by the offspring that are produced through asexual reproduction from either unicellular or multicellular organisms. The main method of reproduction for single-celled organisms like bacteria.

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Answer:

vegetive reproduction :)

Explanation:

A planet's "health" and geological activity may be indicated by geographic features of the plains.

The correct answer is D

Caregivers can track a patient's treatment over time with the use of integrated tools in the Epic Healthy Planet module. This gives them the ability to take action, regardless of where a patient receives care, to maintain or improve chronic illnesses.

On a two-dimensional surface, topographic maps depict the features of the Earth precisely and in scale. Topographic maps are a great planning aid and guide that also contributes to the enjoyment and safety of outdoor activities.

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The substances that satisfy the requirement are Glucose , amino acids and sodium ions

Water makes up 95 percent of human urine. The remaining components include minor amounts of urea (2%), creatinine (0.1%), uric acid (0.03%), chloride, sodium, potassium, sulphate, ammonium, and phosphate, as well as other ions and molecules.

The substances like glucose, amino acids, Na+ etc., in the filtrate

are reabsorbed actively

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Blood that is rich in oxygen is drawn from the lungs and pumped to the left ventricle by the left atrium.

The heart has two atria and two ventricles, making up its four chambers. Blood with low oxygen content is drawn from the body and pumped to the right ventricle via the right atrium. The blood with less oxygen is sent to the lungs via the right ventricle. Blood that is rich in oxygen is drawn from the lungs and pumped to the left ventricle by the left atrium.

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Blood is delivered to human tissues by blood arteries, which act as conduits or channels. Two tube-like closed systems comprised of the vessels start and stop at the heart.

pertaining to metabolism (the total of all chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism to produce energy and basic materials needed for important life processes).

The endothelium, which is made up of a monolayer of endothelial cells, is in direct touch with the blood, lymph, and moving cells because it is the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries).

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Answer:

cellular respiration uses chemical energy the carbon dioxide is released and glucose is broken down to give energy to the body in cellular respiration .

when we brethe in our lungs expanding size and the ribs move upwards and inwards

when we brethe out our lungs get smaller in size and the ribs move downwards and outwards..

21% oxygen and 0.04% carbon dioxide are present in the air we take in, whereas 16.4% oxygen and 4.4% carbon dioxide are present in the air we exhale.

This is due to the fact that when we breathe in air, our cells convert oxygen into energy while also producing carbon dioxide as a byproduct.

The same number of carbon and oxygen atoms that were transformed into carbon dioxide during respiration was also released.

With saving mass or material in this way, respiration has abided by the rule of conservation of mass.

Therefore, cellular respiration is the process by which the chemical component glucose is broken down with oxygen to create carbon dioxide and water.

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Living organisms are now classified into a single kingdoms under third domain system of taxonomical, as shown above.

Given statement is true.

Studying living things including animal, plants, microorganisms, and people in order to categorize them and increase our understanding of them is known as taxonomy. For instance, although from some views people and whales are separate animals, both are classified as mammals and share a common ancestor.

In order to more effectively communicate biological information, it aids in the classification of species. Through hierarchical classification, taxonomy allows scientists to understand and categorize the variety of life on Earth.

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2 Pyruvate molecules produce 1 molecule of Glucose. For producing 10 molecules of Glucose 2*10= 20 molecules of Pyruvate is required.

6 molecules of ATP is used for generating one molecule of Glucose. So for 10 molecules of Glucose, it will be 6*10= 60 ATP.

2 NADH molecules are used in gluconeogenesis to produce 1 Glucose molecule. So for 10 Glucose molecules, it will be 2*10=20NADH.

Gluconeogenesis is a manner that transforms non-carbohydrate substrates (which include lactate, amino acids, and glycerol) into glucose (parent 1). each lactate and alanine are first converted into pyruvate, which then enters the mitochondrion and is carboxylated to oxaloacetate (OAA) with the aid of pyruvate carboxylase (pc).

Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that consequences in the era of glucose from positive non-carbohydrate carbon substrates. it is a ubiquitous system, found in flora, animals, fungi, bacteria, and different microorganisms.

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All of the given options are the functions of digestive system. These are:

Digestive system is the organization of organs, hormones and enzymes that work together to break down the complex biomolecules taken in the form of food into smaller soluble molecules. The organs involved in this are: mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and the anus.

Electrolytes are the minerals inside the body that are present dissolved in the blood or other body fluids. They perform functions like balancing the water level of the body or the pH of the body.

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The side chain of a serine molecule has an aliphatic -OH, a polar bond that may create an H-bond with a water molecule. A partial charge intermolecular contact is called an H-bond.

Only once -OH is deprotonated may serine form a covalent connection with another substrate in the enzyme pocket.

The side chain of isoleucine is aliphatic, nonpolar, and hydrophobic. It can only engage in Van der Waals interaction with proteins. Proteins must contain polar aminoacids on their surface that may interact with water in order to be soluble in an aqueous environment.

Serine's side chain is hence polar and hydrophilic. With the watery environment, intermolecular attraction would develop in molecule. The hydrophobic, nonpolar side chain of isoleucine. The watery environment would resist it. Since the isoleucine side chain prefers to remain on the inner of the protein, this modification may modify the protein's overall structure.

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During volume changes in the thoracic cavity, the diaphragm is primarily responsible for changes in length.

The diaphragm flattens and tightens during inhalation, and the chest cavity widens. A vacuum is produced by the contraction, drawing air into the lungs. The diaphragm relaxes and assumes its dome-like form during exhalation, forcing air from the lungs. This implies that when the volume of the thoracic cavity changes during inhalation and exhalation, the diaphragm plays a vital role in length.

The external intercostal muscles, internal intercostal muscles, innermost intercostal muscles, sub-costalis, and transversal thoracic are the five muscles that make up the thoracic wall. During respiration, the volume of thoracic cavity is predominantly altered by these muscles.

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On the ventral surface of the brain, you can observe the optic nerves and chiasma, the pituitary gland, and the mammillary bodies.  These externally visible structures form the floor of the Diencephalon
"Diencephalon" is the term used to describe the structures around the 3rd ventricle and form the nucleus of the cerebrum "big brain", the members of the diencephalon are the thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus and epithalamus.
Diencephalon Function
The diencephalon plays a role in the motor control of sensory information exchange and the control of autonomic functions of various parts of the body.  Examples of some activities that involve the work of the diencephalon are chewing, seeing, eye movements, facial expressions, hearing, breathing, swallowing, smelling and regulating body balance.
Structure and Parts of the Diencephalon
Diencephalon consists of 4 structures that have their respective specific tasks, namely:
1. Thalamus
The thalamus is a structure located in the middle of the brain, precisely between the cerebral cortex and the midbrain.  The word thalamus comes from the Greek word which means inner space.  The main function of this gland is to convey sensory and motor signals related to consciousness, sleep and alertness to the brain cortex, the thalamus is a suborgan of the diencephalon.
2. Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus is the part of the brain that is the control center of the autonomic system, the hypothalamus is located just above the brainstem.  This gland-shaped organ is part of the endocrine system.  In humans, the hypothalamus is about the size of a pea and accounts for 1% of the total brain weight.
3. Subthalamus
The subthalamus is an important extrapyramidal motor nucleus that has many connections with other nervous system nuclei.  The function of the subthalamus is not yet fully understood, but if there is an abnormality in this part, there will be abnormalities in the movement of the foot or hand that hit strongly on one side of the body.
4. Epithalamus
The epithalamus is a narrow band of nerve tissue that forms the roof of the diencephalon, functions in regulating the body's circadian rhythm and inhibits gonadotropic hormones.

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Exposing a protein to acid or heat will alter the three-dimensional structure of the protein. This process is called denaturation

What is Denaturation?

The stability and structure of protein depends on physical and chemical conditions.

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Answer:

Your answer is interphase:

During _interphase____of the cell cycle, the cell grows and replicates both its organelles and its chromosomes.

Explanation:

Answer:

Can we see the diagram...?

or just look up animal cell online and copy from there.

Since it allows us to separate the bands according to their sizes we resolve our PCR products by electrophoresis.

A series of standards known as a molecular-weight size marker, also known as a DNA ladder or an RNA ladder, is used to determine the general size of a molecule that is run on a gel during electrophoresis. The ladder allows you to determine the size of the unknown fragment by contrasting it to the nearest band in the ladder lane when run alongside an unidentified PCR result in an agarose gel. The effectiveness of the experiment depends on selecting the appropriate electrophoresis products for your nucleic acid analysis procedure. Leading Biology, a reputable provider of bespoke ladders, sells protein, DNA, and RNA markers with pre-determined fragment sizes and concentrations. These can be conducted in polyacrylamide or agarose gels.

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Environment impacts freshwater aquaculture include nutrient overload and escape of exotic species.

When the aquaculture sector first started to take off, there were a few things that made it difficult for the sector to produce fish sustainably. The goal of fish farming has never been to harm the environment; rather, it is to improve food security.

Environmental issues did, however, develop. There was no lack of unfavorable press, and these reports have stuck with the general public. Nutrient and effluent build-ups, the negative effects of fish farms on nearby wild fisheries due to disease and escape, and environmental damage as a result of the site's location were common criticisms.

Aquaculture's harmful environmental effects are complex. When there are many fish in one place, nutrients might accumulate. The trash that fish produce has the potential to accumulate in the neighborhood. Algal blooms and dead zones may result from the water's oxygen being depleted in this way. Antibiotic use by farmers to prevent disease has raised concerns about the drugs' impact on the ecosystem surrounding the cages, including wild fish. Many people were also concerned that the escaped non-native fish would increase food competition among wild fish, possibly driving out the native fish.

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Cholesterol is conveyed by complex particles is known as lipoproteins whereas Glucose transporter (GLUT) is a transport protein responsible for the transportation of glucose.

Cholesterol proceeds through the blood on proteins called “lipoproteins.” Two types of lipoproteins carry cholesterol all around the body: LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, sometimes called “bad” cholesterol that makes up most of your body's cholesterol. Cholesterol.

This is transported by compound particles, called lipoproteins, which have specific proteins on their surface. These proteins, called apolipoproteins, have a crucial function in the metabolism of lipoproteins.

So we can conclude that Lipoproteins transport cholesterol and fatty acids throughout the body. Cholesterol is a major elector of every mammalian cell membrane.

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B. Designers claims that they will eliminate the need for human drivers and prevent traffic collisions."

Our autonomous vehicles will be trained to steer clear of crashes, particularly with people. However, what if a woman with a stroller suddenly jumps out into the road and the automobile does not have time to stop? The auto industry is well aware of all these ethical concerns, which is why Daimler, the owner of Mercedes-Benz, is hosting the first-ever conference on "Autonomous Driving, Law, and Ethics" this fall and manufacturers are consulting philosophers and ethicists.

However, consensus thinking is not a skill that philosophers are recognized for, even if it will be necessary to address these problems at a corporate level.

Nobody is naive enough to think that law-abiding autonomous cars, with all of its cameras, sensors, radars, and faster response times than a human, won't cause accidents—90% of which are now caused by driver mistake.

On rare occasions, they will crash, possibly killing someone. Several of the ones undergoing testing in the US have already been in accidents.

According to Ben Howarth, policy advisor at the Association of British Insurers, "there are significant practical and legal difficulties that need to be addressed, notably around who would ultimately be responsible for an autonomous car.

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Most viruses will leave a host cell by bursting the cell, a process called lysis, or by pushing through the cell membrane while taking some of that membrane with it, a process called budding.

Enveloped viruses generally are released from the host cell by budding. During this process, the virus obtains its envelope, which is a modified piece of the host's plasma or other, internal membrane. Through budding, a bit of the host cell membrane becomes part of the virus.

On the other hand, lysis destroys the host cell. A lytic infection eventually leads to cell lysis, which is accompanied by the freeing of newly produced virus particles and cell debris into the environment. Cell lysis is a common result of viral infection.

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When pyruvate is used to make one molecule of glucose

In gluconeogenesis, glucose is created. It is essentially glycolysis carried out reverse; the standard free energy is favorable thanks to three new processes involving four new enzymes. ATP is used by the gluconeogenesis pathway, which gets its energy mostly from oxidizing fatty acids.

The molecule can be transferred from the mitochondria thanks to the conversion to malate. After entering the cytoplasm, mitochondria convert it back to oxaloacetate.

Malate + NAD+ Oxaloacetate + NADH in the cytoplasm

PEP GDP Oxaloacetate + GTP

It then passes through the same intermediates as glycolysis from this point on. The endoplasmic reticulum hosts the final reaction.

G6P glucose is present in the endoplasmic reticulum (catalyst: glucose-6-phosphatase). A glucose transporter shuttles the glucose out into the extracellular space.

For every molecule of glucose synthesized from two molecules of pyruvate, 4 ATP, 2 GTP, and 2 NADH are used.

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According to the punnet square offspring from these parents have a 50%  chance of inheriting one B allele and one b allele,

The genotypes of a certain cross or breeding experiment are predicted using the Punnett square, a square diagram. It bears Reginald C. Punnett's name, who developed the method in 1905. Biologists use the figure to calculate the likelihood that a child will have a specific genotype.

The term "allele" is used to refer to a gene's alternate form or variants. For each autosomal gene, one allele is inherited from each parent, and we often group the alleles into groups. Usually, we refer to them as normal, wild-type, aberrant, or mutant alleles.

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The steps achieved by scientists studying the origin of life are:

RNA is the Ribonucleic Acid. It contains a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases are: adenine, guanine, uracil and cytosine. There are two types of RNAs: the coding RNA and the non-coding RNA. m-RNA belongs to the category of coding RNA while r-RNA and t-RNA belongs to the category of non-coding RNAs.

Protocells are the self-organizing spherical ball of lipids that have the potential to give rise to life. It acts as the stepping stone for the origin of life.

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Answer:

Explanation:

there would be 32 different types of codons would be possible

when viruses are exposed to compounds or UV light which makes them non-infectious are they called Inactive.

All virus particles have a protein coat that surrounds and protects their nucleic acid genome. This protein envelope is called a capsid, and the instructions for making the protein subunits of the capsid are encoded in the viral nucleic acid genome. Infections are caused by microscopic bacteria that enter the body and cause problems.

Some but not all infections are transmitted directly from person to person. Infections that are transmitted from person to person are considered contagious. Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria viruses fungi and parasites change over time and become unresponsive to drugs. This makes infections more difficult to treat and increases the risk of disease spreading serious illness and death.

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