The spinal column is sometimes referred to as the backbone

True Or False

Answer:

Can we see the diagram...?

or just look up animal cell online and copy from there.

When a mutation first appears, the selection would occur against it as it lowers the inclusive fitness.

A technique for gauging the effectiveness of evolution is inclusive fitness. It is the capacity of an individual to pass on genes, including those shared with relatives, to the following generation.

However, advantageous mutations will proliferate and boost the population's overall fitness. They produce unique protein variations that help organisms adapt to changes in their environment. Most of the time, natural selection boosts evolutionary fitness and causes organisms to adapt to their environments. Thus, in this case the selection would be against the mutation.

Positive mutations are essential for evolution to occur. They increase an organism's likelihood of surviving or procreating, so they are likely to spread over time and become more widespread.

To know more about fitness, refer to the following link:

https://brainly.com/question/13171122

#SPJ4

Complete question is:

A cell acquires a new mutation that raises its immediate direct fitness but lowers the inclusive fitness it will have later. will there be natural selection for the new mutation or against it when it first appears? group of answer choices

A. selection for the mutation

B. the two effects will cancel out

C. selection against the mutation

D no selection will occur

Answer:

The answer would be increased airplane travel

The sympathetic chain ganglia, made up of the cervical, are the ganglia next to the sympathetic chain.

Postganglionic fibers are the ones that run from the ganglia to the effector in the autonomous nervous system. Through metabolic modification and neurotransmitter release, post-ganglionic axons are directly in charge of alterations in the function of the target organ.

Acetylcholine is used by preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system as well as postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic system (ACh). Norepinephrine and epinephrine are used by the sympathetic nervous system's postganglionic neurons. However, there are few exceptions to this, which are shown below.

To know more about Postganglionic visit:

https://brainly.com/question/14970339

#SPJ4

Answer:C

Explanation:

Temperature increased over time!

Answer:

cellular respiration uses chemical energy the carbon dioxide is released and glucose is broken down to give energy to the body in cellular respiration .

when we brethe in our lungs expanding size and the ribs move upwards and inwards

when we brethe out our lungs get smaller in size and the ribs move downwards and outwards..

21% oxygen and 0.04% carbon dioxide are present in the air we take in, whereas 16.4% oxygen and 4.4% carbon dioxide are present in the air we exhale.

This is due to the fact that when we breathe in air, our cells convert oxygen into energy while also producing carbon dioxide as a byproduct.

The same number of carbon and oxygen atoms that were transformed into carbon dioxide during respiration was also released.

With saving mass or material in this way, respiration has abided by the rule of conservation of mass.

Therefore, cellular respiration is the process by which the chemical component glucose is broken down with oxygen to create carbon dioxide and water.

Learn more about respiration, here:

https://brainly.com/question/29306418

#SPJ2

An outcome is the conclusion of an experiment. (Select d)

A straightforward observation would be to watch an apple fall from a tree. Another finding was that fish only frequent a particular section of the stream inside the morning. The scent of rotting rubbish is another example of observation.

Our ability to see things, events, attitudes, and occurrences helps us learn about them via one or possibly several senses. Because it serves as the foundation for efficient communication, the ability to see and understand an outside world is essential.

To know more about Observation visit:

https://brainly.com/question/8543748

#SPJ4

Zero frequency is corresponds to recombination of perfect linkage and violates the law of independent assortment.

nicely matched A gene's recombination frequency is zero when it is perfectly connected to another gene. Recombination occurs with a frequency of 0.5 when genes are unlinked, meaning that half of the children are recombinants and the other half are parental types.

In genetics, recombination is the main process for introducing variation into populations. When maternal and paternal genes are reorganized to generate gametes during meiosis, recombination occurs (sex cells).

To know more about recombination frequency visit:-

https://brainly.com/question/28402281

#SPJ4

B. Designers claims that they will eliminate the need for human drivers and prevent traffic collisions."

Our autonomous vehicles will be trained to steer clear of crashes, particularly with people. However, what if a woman with a stroller suddenly jumps out into the road and the automobile does not have time to stop? The auto industry is well aware of all these ethical concerns, which is why Daimler, the owner of Mercedes-Benz, is hosting the first-ever conference on "Autonomous Driving, Law, and Ethics" this fall and manufacturers are consulting philosophers and ethicists.

However, consensus thinking is not a skill that philosophers are recognized for, even if it will be necessary to address these problems at a corporate level.

Nobody is naive enough to think that law-abiding autonomous cars, with all of its cameras, sensors, radars, and faster response times than a human, won't cause accidents—90% of which are now caused by driver mistake.

On rare occasions, they will crash, possibly killing someone. Several of the ones undergoing testing in the US have already been in accidents.

According to Ben Howarth, policy advisor at the Association of British Insurers, "there are significant practical and legal difficulties that need to be addressed, notably around who would ultimately be responsible for an autonomous car.

To know more about traffic collisions, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/7978513
#SPJ1

A correct answer is option (D). Reactive oxygen species are oxygen free-radicals that are produced in mitochondria.

It is thought that oxidative damage to cellular macromolecules is what causes aging and the emergence of many disease conditions. Reactive oxygen species, including superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals, are the culprits behind this damage. The species are free radicals that are deprived of oxygen. The majority of cells' mitochondria serve as the primary manufacturing site for reactive species. The main reactive oxygen species produced in the mitochondria is superoxide, which superoxide dismutase mostly converts to hydrogen peroxide.

To learn more about what happens to reactive elements please click on the given link: https://brainly.com/question/11392090

#SPJ4

Blood that is rich in oxygen is drawn from the lungs and pumped to the left ventricle by the left atrium.

The heart has two atria and two ventricles, making up its four chambers. Blood with low oxygen content is drawn from the body and pumped to the right ventricle via the right atrium. The blood with less oxygen is sent to the lungs via the right ventricle. Blood that is rich in oxygen is drawn from the lungs and pumped to the left ventricle by the left atrium.

Learn more about human heart here:

https://brainly.com/question/13605411

#SPJ4

People who embrace racism use biological factors to justify inequalities between racial as well as ethnic groups.

A viewpoint that asserts that racial distinctions result in a specific race's inherent superiority and that race is the main factor influencing human characteristics and abilities. Racism is any form of prejudice based on characteristics such as race, body color, religion, culture, etc., according to the social studies discipline.

Racists frequently discriminate against individuals and blame their prejudice on biological characteristics, like their birth into a low-caste household. Racism seems to remain a constant in practically every civilization, despite the fact that many individuals throughout the world are battling against those who embrace it.

Learn to know more about Racism on

https://brainly.com/question/2864094

#SPJ4

Answer:

b

Explanation:

According to the punnet square offspring from these parents have a 50%  chance of inheriting one B allele and one b allele,

The genotypes of a certain cross or breeding experiment are predicted using the Punnett square, a square diagram. It bears Reginald C. Punnett's name, who developed the method in 1905. Biologists use the figure to calculate the likelihood that a child will have a specific genotype.

The term "allele" is used to refer to a gene's alternate form or variants. For each autosomal gene, one allele is inherited from each parent, and we often group the alleles into groups. Usually, we refer to them as normal, wild-type, aberrant, or mutant alleles.

To learn more about  Punnett square click here,

https://brainly.com/question/27984422

#SPJ4

Neurotransmitters can either be deactivated by enzymes or reuptake, a type of chemical recycling, can reabsorb them from the terminal button.

After finishing its task, a neurotransmitter can either be destroyed or reabsorbed. After serving as a chemical messenger, a neurotransmitter is either eliminated by an enzyme like monoamine oxidase or it is reabsorbed by the neuron that produced it, as Julius Axelrod discovered.

Once a neurotransmitter has completed its job of conveying a neuronal impulse, it is reabsorb able by a neurotransmitter transporter found along the plasma membrane of an axon terminal or glial cell.

To  know more about Neurotransmitters  visit:-

https://brainly.com/question/9725469

#SPJ4

Amoxicillin is the greatest predictor of cross-reactivity with a cephalosporin in a patient with a confirmed penicillin allergy.

Healthcare professionals often overestimate cross-reactivity linking penicillin and Cephalosporins. The device of cross-reactivity was previously believed to be related to a common β-lactam ring, but new evidence suggests it is instead related to the split of identical R-group side chains. Penicillin and cephalosporins exhibit limited and incomplete cross-reactivity of up to 7% which may be related to the 'cohort' of cephalosporin. 1 In clinical practice it is not uncommon for cephalosporins to be given to penicillin-allergic patients, especially if the history of penicillin reaction was not life.

So we can conclude that cross-reactivity between penicillin and cephalosporins occurs when the R1 side chain is identical as formerly reported.

Learn more about penicillin here: https://brainly.com/question/11849121

#SPJ1

Gas cloud 1: It spreads with a larger area and a lower elemental concentration. Its temperature never rises above 14 million Kelvin. It has hydrogen atoms with electrons retained.

Gas cloud 2: As a result of gravity, its volume decreases and density rises. Its temperature is consistently above 14 million kelvin. The electrons in hydrogen atoms are lost.

As you are undoubtedly aware, stars develop amid gaseous clouds. Interstellar gases, primarily made of dust and hydrogen, are present in these clouds. Low temperatures cause gases to react, mix, and form molecules, which then produce clouds and continue to react until they eventually form stars.

Since Cloud 1 spreads with a higher volume and a smaller concentration of components, its temperature maintains far below 14 million Kelvin, and it contains hydrogen atoms that retain their electrons, these traits indicate that Cloud 1 will eventually create a star.

Given that cloud 2 won't produce stars, we can state the following about it: Due to gravity, its volume decreases and density rises, but its temperature remains above 14 million kelvin.

To learn more about the gas cloud the link is given below:

https://brainly.com/question/28171912?

#SPJ13

The organism has 28% Guanine In its DNA.

In DNA the amount of thymine = amount of adenine

Thus A + T = 22% +22% = 44%

Rest of the DNA is made of Guanine and Cytosine

Thus G + T = 100 + 44 = 56 %

Since amount of Guanine = amount of Cytosine

Thus amount of Guanine = 56 % / 2  =  28%.

To learn more about DNA click here:

https://brainly.com/question/21992450

#SPJ4

The course that a genetic engineer might opt for in a college is: Recombinant DNA applications.

Genetic engineering is the branch of biological science that deals with the manipulation of the genetic composition of an organism in order to alter some traits in the organism. Recombinant DNA technology has various applications which are beneficial for the society.

Recombinant DNA technology can help the genetic engineer to determine which genes can be modified in plants as well as animals so as to create genetically modified organisms, which are superior in certain characteristics as compared to their ordinary counterparts. For example genetically modified plants are pest-resistant.

To learn more about Recombinant DNA here

https://brainly.com/question/28800958

#SPJ1

The steps achieved by scientists studying the origin of life are:

RNA is the Ribonucleic Acid. It contains a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases are: adenine, guanine, uracil and cytosine. There are two types of RNAs: the coding RNA and the non-coding RNA. m-RNA belongs to the category of coding RNA while r-RNA and t-RNA belongs to the category of non-coding RNAs.

Protocells are the self-organizing spherical ball of lipids that have the potential to give rise to life. It acts as the stepping stone for the origin of life.

To know more about protocells, here

brainly.com/question/1561301

#SPJ1

Autocrine pathway is represented by cells in the body that are able to both receive hormone stimulation and secrete the hormone to receptive neighboring cells.Autocrine is one of the hormone pathway
Cells communicate with other cells through extracellular messenger molecules.  These molecules can travel near or far from the cells that produce them.  In fact, there are molecules that can travel throughout the body, meaning over great distances from the source.
Types of hormon pathway
- Autocrine, meaning that the cell that produces the messenger molecule also has receptors for the messenger molecule and responds to the cell itself, which in turn can activate or inhibit the cell.
- Paracrine means that the messenger molecule travels a short distance through the extracellular space to another cell not far from the cell that produces the messenger molecule.  Why is it just so close.It could be because the molecule is unstable, degraded by enzymes, or bound to the extracellular matrix (ECM).
- Endocrine, meaning messenger molecules can travel long distances and these molecules travel through blood vessels.  These endocrine molecules are often referred to as hormones.
Learn more about Autocrine at https://brainly.com/question/9165822.
#SPJ4

Both chronic bronchitis and emphysema comes under COPD i.e, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Airflow from the lungs becomes restricted due to the chronic inflammatory lung illness known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The signs and symptoms include wheezing, coughing up mucus (sputum), and difficulty breathing.

Inflammation of the bronchial tubes' lining, which transport air to and from the lungs' air sacs (alveoli), characterizes chronic bronchitis. Daily coughing and mucus (sputum) production are its defining symptoms.

Emphysema is a disorder when the alveoli at the end of the lungs' tiniest air tubes, or bronchioles, are destroyed due to harmful exposure to cigarette smoke and other irritating chemicals and particulate matter.

To know more about COPD :

https://brainly.com/question/7827873.

#SPJ4

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Cholesterol is conveyed by complex particles is known as lipoproteins whereas Glucose transporter (GLUT) is a transport protein responsible for the transportation of glucose.

Cholesterol proceeds through the blood on proteins called “lipoproteins.” Two types of lipoproteins carry cholesterol all around the body: LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, sometimes called “bad” cholesterol that makes up most of your body's cholesterol. Cholesterol.

This is transported by compound particles, called lipoproteins, which have specific proteins on their surface. These proteins, called apolipoproteins, have a crucial function in the metabolism of lipoproteins.

So we can conclude that Lipoproteins transport cholesterol and fatty acids throughout the body. Cholesterol is a major elector of every mammalian cell membrane.

Learn more about Cholesterol here: https://brainly.com/question/1260520

#SPJ1

Answer:The percentage of oxygen in the air is essentially the same as at sea level (21%). However, the air pressure is 30% lower at the higher altitude 

Explanation:The percentage of oxygen in the air at two miles (3.2 km.) is essentially the same as at sea level (21%). However, the air pressure is 30% lower at the higher altitude due to the fact that the atmosphere is less dense--that is, the air molecules are farther apart.

The relationship between the body mass and the total surface area of air sacs is that a person's weight is determined by their body mass and the TSA of the air sacs indicates that there are spaces within an organism with air sacs.

Weight is a measurement of a person's body mass. A living thing with air sacs has voids inside of them, as indicated by the air sacs' total surface area. This air is constantly present in these air sacs.

In insects, air sacs are little sacs that protrude from the larger breathing tubes (tracheae). In birds, air sacs are extensions of the lungs, and in the lungs of certain other vertebrates, air sacs are the end organs.

They do this by providing a sizable superficial surface for the passage of gas, which helps to boost respiratory efficiency.

To learn more about Air sacs visit: https://brainly.com/question/14177274

#SPJ9

Organisn high on the fod chain because of Biomagnification process.

Biomagnification is the accumulation of a chemical through an organism from water and food publicity that consequences in a attention this is greater than might have resulted from water publicity only and accordingly extra than predicted from equilibrium.

Biomagnification occurs whilst poisonous chemical substances, like DDT, whose remains within the environment are consumed in a roundabout way by organisms thru meals. Whilst an organism within the higher meals chain consumes the decrease organism containing such chemicals, the chemicals can get gathered within the better organism.

Biomagnification is vital in toxicology because it offers data concerning the amount of pollutants in an area and might deliver clues to disruptions to populations and ecological groups.

Learn more about Biomagnification here:-https://brainly.com/question/7631542

#SPJ4

In the cold temperature, when energy is less saturated phospholipids are organised in a compacted manner. On the contrary, the curved structures of the unsaturated fatty acid makes it difficult for them to come close to each other.

The phospholipid bilayer with unsaturated fatty acid has more flexibility and liquidity due to the existence of curves in the carbon chain.

The fatty acid design of the saturated phospholipid is straight whereas the unsaturated fatty acid is curved at distinct places in the carbon chain.

Therefore, the unsaturated phospholipid nurture its liquidity even in cold temperatures.

To learn about Phospholipids

https://brainly.com/question/14949280

#SPJ4