The Three Domain classification system developed by Dr. Woese is based partly on RNA sequences.
Based on variations in the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) nucleotide sequences, membrane lipid structures, and antibiotic sensitivity, organisms can be categorized into one of three domains. The Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya are the three domains.
Based on variations in the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) structure, Woese categorized them. Using the variations in the nucleotide sequence of 16S rRNA molecules, Carl Woese of the University of Illinois (USA) suggested a phylogenetic taxonomy of bacterial species in 1987.
The traditional prokaryote-eukaryote division and the five-kingdom concept were both challenged, and the 3-domain classification system was offered as an alternative.
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what would happen if the trna synthetase for proline added lysine instead of proline to the proline trnas in a particular cell? explain your answer in no more than 3 sentences, including the consequences for the proteins made by the cell and the cell itself.
If the tRNA synthetase for proline adds lysine instead of proline to the proline tRNAs in a particular cell, it will lead to mistranslation.
Mistranslation occurs when tRNA carries the wrong amino acid, leading to the addition of wrong amino acid in the nascent protein produced.
The mistranslated protein produced may get misfolded, leading to dire consequences inside the cell that can result in disease/disorder. It is found that the addition of lysine instead of proline will result in amyloid formation (Prions) and, thus lead to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Compare and contrast selective permeability and active permeability in 2-3 sentences.
In comparison, selective permeability and active permeability both involve allowing substances to pass through.
In contrast, selective permeability only allows some select substances to pass through whereas active permeability involves allowing all substances to pass through.
What are selective permeability and active permeability?Selective permeability refers to the property of a substance in which the substance only allows select substances to pass through it.
Substances that possess the property of selective permeability are called selectively permeable substances. An example of such a substance is the cell memebrane which is a selectively permeable membrane.
Active permeability refers to the property of a substance in which it easily allows the substance to pass through it without selection.
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what specific type of macromolecules are at the ends of the markers of a red blood cell that reacts with a antiserum? with b antiserum?
the antigens of the ABO blood group are sugars ,which are present at the end/surface of RBC's . Antiserum-A reacts with red cells of Group A or AB. Antiserum-B reacts with red cells of Group B or AB.
Of all the blood group systems, the ABO blood group is the most crucial. Based on whether a person's red blood cells contain the A antigen, the B antigen, both the A and B antigens, or neither, there are four possible ABO blood types.
Normal healthy people produce red cell antibodies against A or B antigens that are not expressed on their own cells. These antibodies are mostly IgM immunoglobulins, which are found in nature. They assault and quickly kill red cells bearing the antigen. Anti-A, for instance, targets red cells from Group A or AB. Group B or AB red cells are targeted by anti-B.
Antiserum : Blood serum that can be used to prevent or cure illness or poisoning because it includes antibodies against harmful substances like bacteria, viruses, or snake venom.
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which of the following statements about telomeres is true? group of answer choices without the replication of telomeres by the enzyme telomerase, linear chromosomes would gradually get longer with each round of replication. telomeres are specialized structures that are found at the ends of prokaryotic chromosomes. telomeres protect the ends of chromosomes from nucleases and help maintain the integrity of linear chromosomes. telomeres are composed of a long dna sequence that is repeated twice.
The correct answer is telomerase protects the ends of chromosomes from nucleases and helps in maintaining the integrity of linear chromosomes.
What is telomerase?
It is an enzyme present in eukaryotes that repairs the telomeres of the chromosome so that they do not become progressively shorter during chromosome replication.
It is the enzyme responsible for the addition of guanine-rich repetitive sequences. Its activity is exhibited in gametes and stem and tumor cells.
Telomerase protects the ends of chromosomes by binding at an RNA molecule that contains a sequence complementary to the telomeric repeat.
Let us discuss other statements:
Without the replication of telomeres, it becomes too short and chromosomes reach a critical length and can no longer be replicated so the cell dies.Telomeres are found at the ends of the chromosome of only eukaryotic organisms.Telomeres are composed of repetitive sequences of six base pairs, TTAGG. With each cell division, some of the telomeres are lost. But the number of times that mostly dividing cells can divide is limited.Hence telomeres protect the ends of chromosomes from becoming frayed or tangled by adding repeats to the end of the chromosome.
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what is not an application of the elisa test? group of answer choices detect illegal drug use (e.g., marijuana or cocaine) confirm pregnancy by detecting human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) in urine diagnose a variety of diseases (e.g., west nile virus, hiv, sars, lyme, ebola) by detecting serum antibodies detect expression of the gene encoding for gfp
We can't locate the expression of gene coding for GFP through ELISA. on the identical time ELISA may be used to detect unlawful drug use,being pregnant and in disorder diagonosis .
ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a plate-based assay technique designed for detecting and quantifying soluble substances which includes peptides, proteins, antibodies, and hormones. exclusive names, along side enzyme immunoassay (EIA), also are used to describe the identical era.
ELISA stands for enzyme-linked immuno assay. it's far a generally used laboratory check to stumble on antibodies inside the blood. An antibody is a protein produced through the body's immune system whilst it detects harmful materials, called antigens.
Sandwich ELISA steps:-
Step 1: Immobilization of the seize protein. ...
Step 2: Wash off any unadsorbed capture protein from the nicely surface.
Step 3: Block any unbound net websites at the 96-properly plate. ...
Step 4: Wash away any unadsorbed blocking off proteins from the well..
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The first step in the proton-proton chain produces an antielectron, or positron. What happens to the positron?.
An antielectron, or positron, is created in the proton-proton chain's first phase. When it collides with an ordinary electron, it quickly transforms into energy, causing matter-antimatter annihilation.
The opposite of an electron is a proton. The primary distinction between them and electrons is their positive charge. Positrons are created during the decay of nuclides that have more protons than neutrons in their nucleus. These radionuclides release a neutrino and a positron when they decay.
With the exception of having the opposite charge and spin, antimatter particles are almost similar to their counterparts in matter. When antimatter and matter collide, they instantly disintegrate into energy.
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mitosis forms a. two daughter cells with half the dna of the parent cell. b. two daughter cells with the same amount of dna as the parent cell. c. daughter cells called gametes. d. two daughter cells with twice the amount of dna as the parent cell. e. one daughter cell and another incomplete cell.
Mitosis forms b. two daughter cells with the same amount of DNA as the parent cell.
In the field of biology, mitosis can be described as a process by which the somatic cells of the body divide.
As a result of mitosis, two daughter cells are formed that are identical to each other and the parent cells.
The daughter cells formed as a result of mitosis have the same amount of DNA as the parent cell. As a result of this, the daughter cells are identical to the parent cell as no recombination occurs in the process of mitosis.
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The ______ functional division of the nervous system transmits information from the viscera to the central nervous system.
The visceral sensory division functional division of the nervous system transmits information from the viscera to the central nervous system.
The visceral (or autonomic) motor system controls involuntary functions mediated by the activity of smooth muscle fibers, cardiac muscle fibers, and glands.
The nervous system that regulates the visceral system is carried out by the autonomic nervous system whose neuron cell bodies are in the sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia and innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. This visceral motor system is regulated by a feedback system via the dorsal ganglia of the spinal cord and sensory ganglia of the cranial nerves which make local reflex connections in the spinal cord and brainstem.
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What is the primary difference between the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system?.
Answer:The somatic nervous system allows us to consciously control our skeletal muscles, and the autonomic nervous system controls activity that humans cannot consciously control, such as the pumping of the heart and the movement of food through the digestive tract.
Do you remember the five
characteristics of life?
From memory, list the characteristics of life.
Answer:
They are usually 7 characteristics
Explanation:
1) GROWTH
2) Ability to REPRODUCE
3) RESPOND
4) METABOLISM
5 ) RESPIRATION
6) NUTRITION
7) EXCRETION
Answer:
1.Cells
2.Homeostasis
3.Reproduction
4.Metabolism
5.DNA/Heredity
Explanation:
I am don't remember the five characteristics of life from memory l am only remember some but here you got.
a heterozygous fruit fly with normal wings and a gray body (vvbb) is crossed with homozygous flies with vestigial wings and black bodies (vvbb). this type of cross is known as a
This type of cross is known as a dihybrid cross.
Dihybrid cross is a breeding experiment between two organisms which are identical hybrids for two traits. For example, heterozygous fruit fly with normal wings and a gray body (vvbb) is crossed with homozygous flies with vestigial wings and black bodies (vvbb).
Dihybrid cross is explained as when the two organisms have equal hybrid for two traits. A hybrid organism is a heterozygous organism, which shows the organism have two different alleles at genetic point. Thus, a dihybrid organism is heterozygous at two distinct genetic loci.
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the primary difference in electroctye concentration between blood plasma and interstitial fluid is that
The primary difference in electrolyte concentration between blood plasma and interstitial fluid is that blood plasma has relatively more protein anions.
The fundamental distinction between plasma and interstitial fluid is that the former has a higher concentration of protein anions while the latter has a lower concentration. Similar amounts of the majority of other dissolved substances, including nutrients and electrolytes, can be found in both plasma and interstitial fluid. Plasma and interstitial fluid are components of extracellular fluid of a cell.
Water, ions, and other small solutes are combined to form interstitial fluid, also known as tissue fluid, which is pushed out of the blood plasma by the heart's pumping action. Water and a variety of other substances make up plasma, which transports blood cells and oxygen to different parts of the body.
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what is an example of a mutualistic relationship in which one species provides defenses against herbivory for the other?
Ant and acacia tree is an example of a mutualistic relationship in which one species provides defenses against herbivory for the other .
Acacia trees produce shelter by developing specialized structures also feed the ant colony, and the ants, in turn, defend the tree against herbivores.
Mutualism is the formation of a relationship that will mutually benefit two parties that are distinct and are in the relationship. In this kind of relationship Both the partners will be equally benefited from the each other . this is one of the most positive association between two different individual that stay and protect each other .
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multicellular organisms undergo mitotic cell division to a.produce new organisms. b.produce gametes. c.increase the variability of the population. d.increase the size of the organism.
Multicellular organisms undergo mitotic cell division to d.)increase the size of the organism. Hence option d) is the correct answer.
Why multicellular organisms undergo mitotic cell division?Mitosis is very important to multicellular organisms because it provides new cells for growth and replacement of worn-out cells. Many single-celled organisms depends on mitosis as the primary means of asexual reproduction
During mitosis, a cell duplicates its contents, including chromosomes and splits to form two identical daughter cells. Multicellular organisms require cell division to grow and replace dead/ damaged cells. Single-celled organisms reproduce through unicellular cell division
Process where a single cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells is called mitosis.
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The human body is divided into several cavities. List these cavities and propose reasons why evolution has favored this configuration.
In order to supply living creatures with the necessary adaptations and efficiency, evolution has led to complexity in body design. The bodily cavity, also known as the coelom, is a fluid-filled region where organs like the heart, lungs, stomach, and intestines can grow, expand, and move. In humans the body cavity has been divided into dorsal, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities on the basis of their body position and the organs lodged there. The fluid in the body cavity keeps all the body organs hydrated and also provides a sort of hydrostatic support. It also helps to maintain homeostasis within the body.
The evolution of living things reveals that they began as aquatic prokaryotes, progressed to aquatic eukaryotes, and eventually became multicellular creatures that gradually adapted to life on land. The evolutionary tree's pinnacle or greatest level is seen as being human. The body cavity gives the intricate internal organs the environment they require to work properly. Evolution produced the many bodily compartments in humans because each function in the body has specialized organs that work separately yet together. These cavities are divided from one another by tissues and membranes.
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When a researcher examines the consistency of data collected in a study, the researcher is considering which of the following characteristics?
A. reliability
B. validity
C. standard deviation
D. mode
which of the choices is/are secretions produced by the pancreas? select all that apply. bicarbonate ions to neutralize stomach acid methane from fermentation gastrin to stimulate hcl production trypsin for further protein digestion lipase for fat digestion
Trypsin to further breakdown proteins Lipase is used to breakdown fat. gastric acid can be neutralised by bicarbonate ions.
What are the three different sorts of acids?Acids are frequently divided into three primary groups. The first is binary acid, followed by oxyacid and carboxylic acid. All binary acids are represented by the symbol "H-A," which stands for a hydrogen connection to a nonmetal atom.
Why is it called acid?The word "acid," which refers to the sour flavour and pungent odour of numerous acids, derives from the Latin word acidus, which meaning "sour." Examples: Because acetic acid and water are diluted, vinegar has a sour flavour. Lemon juice includes citric acid, which gives it a sour flavour.
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a lake filled with a large population of fish all of the same species is discovered. which factor would not influence the evolution of a species in this lake?
Speciation involves the genetic changes that accumulate between populations of the same species that leads to the formation of a new species, whereas evolution is the change in allele frequencies of the same species.
What is Evolution ?Evolution is the gradual change in the inherited traits of biological populations over many generations. These traits are the expressions of genes that are passed down through reproduction from parent to offspring.
Long-term perspectives are used in evolutionary theories to examine the emergence of the human species. This view holds that modern people contain genetically influenced traits that have been passed down from generation to generation and have helped them succeed in reproduction.
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a population of small fish is introduced into a large lake (lake grande). the lake has regions of different depths, from shallow to deep, with different oxygen levels and algal (fish food) populations. another population of the same species of fish is introduced into a small, uniform pond (wee lac). after many generations, which body of water will have more species of fish?
More fish species will be present in large lake water depends on environmental factors.
Simply, large bodies of water are known for producing large fish. It's simple to assume that larger lakes would hold greater fishspecies , so do so. Arctic seas and surrounding waterways are home to 400 different kinds of fish, the majority of which live on or the bottom. Therefore, the Pacific wins for having the greatest marine life based on worldwide fisheries and the total richness of coral reef ecosystems. Distribution and abundance in lakes and reservoirs in North America are influenced by biological factors like availability of food and competing with other fish species, as well as environmental factors like lake elevation, water quality, and lake form. The most of it is a myth. It is real.
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small seed that are covered in a biodegradable coating to make seed larger (easier to sow) are called .
Small seed that are covered in a biodegradable coating to make seed larger or easier to sow is called seed pelleting.
Seed pelleting is applying thin layer of filler materials that is biodegradable in nature, on seed surface that increases their weight and changes shape and size of seed. It is done to improve establishment process. Mostly, seed pelleting is done to make small, fine, light and odd shaped seeds into bold, heavy, round and uniform so they can be planted in easy way.
What is meant by term biodegradable?
The term biodegradable is defined as ability of any material to get decomposed by action of microorganism with the help of abiotic factors in an ecosystem. Process of decomposing biodegradable waste is natural and may take time. Example includes food materials, kitchen wastes, paper, manure etc.
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Which term best describes the smallest function unit of life?
- Atom
- Cell
-Tissue
-Organ
genes that are close together on the same chromosome: genes that are close together on the same chromosome: tend to assort independently. assort primarily independently, but will, very rarely, be transmitted together. are present only on x chromosomes. tend to be transmitted together. tend to be transmitted together, and are present only on x chromosomes.
Genes that are close together on the same chromosome tend to be transmitted together.
Independent collection of alleles of the genes throughout anaphase-I of meiosis-I calls for that the genes ought to be gift on exceptional chromosomes. The genes which might be gift at the equal chromosomes deviate from the impartial collection. These intently located genes are referred to as related genes. They circulate from one era to subsequent collectively and do segregate randomly. This outcomes withinside the era of extra percentage of the parental kinds withinside the progeny. The related genes can be gift on each autosomes and intercourse chromosomes.
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which category of joint provides a very slight degree of movement, but isn't designed to be highly mobile?
Amphiarthroses joints are slightly movable joints.
What are amphiarthroses joints?
The singular form of amphiarthroses is amphiarthrosis. The bones in these kinds of joints are connected together by the hyaline cartilage or the fibrocartilage.
These amphiarthroses joints impart slight mobility while at the same time maintaining stability between bones adjacent in the vertebral column.
Amphiarthroses joints are also called symphysis or syndesmosis. Amphiarthroses joints can also be called cartilaginous joints as the bones are connected by cartilage. Examples of amphiarthroses joints are the pubic symphysis of the pelvis, which is a cartilaginous joint that holds together the right and left hip bones of the pelvis.
Therefore, Amphiarthroses joints are only slightly movable joints, but aren’t highly mobile.
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thermogenesis refers to multiple choice the energy you require during sleep at night. shivering when hot and fidgeting. the inability to regulate body temperature. metabolic activity of brown adipose tissue, especially in hibernating animals.
The energy you require during sleep at night.
Shivering thermo genesis, a reaction to unexpected cold exposure, plays a significant role in increased heat generation. The method through which heat is produced via the calorigenic effect of nor epinephrine and epinephrine is known as no shivering thermo genesis,
What about thermo genesis?Thermo genesis, which takes place in specialized tissues such brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, is described as the disposal of energy through the generation of heat. The metabolic process through which organisms burn calories to produce heat is known as thermo genesis. The body generates heat through thermo genesis, to put it another way. Calorie "burning" does this. The energy required for the digestion, absorption, and elimination of consumed nutrients is known as thermo genesis or the thermic effect of food. The process through which organisms produce heat is known as thermo genesis. All warm-blooded creatures experience it, and a few thermogenic plant species like the Eastern skunk cabbage, the Voodoo lily (Sauromatum venosum), and the enormous water lilies of the genus Victoria also experience it. When combined with a healthy lifestyle, consuming a diet that contains these substances can aid in weight loss. In fact, studies suggest that taking thermogenic compounds can accelerate fat-burning by 10-16% and raise metabolic activity by 4-5%. For thermo genesis, energy balance, and metabolism, thyroid hormones (TH) are crucial. Simply told, you may assist your body burn more calories by enhancing thermo genesis, which also helps you increase your metabolism's rate. Increasing your daily energy expenditure is essential if you want to lose weight, maintain your current weight, or lose a few pounds.Learn more about thermo genesis here:
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which type of blood vessel cells in the tunica media layer produce vasoconstriction and/or dilation of blood vessels?
Type of blood vessel cells in the tunica media layer produce vasoconstriction or dilation of blood vessels are Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs).
Blood vessels are channels that deliver blood during your body. They form a closed loop, like a circuit, that starts offevolved and ends at your coronary heart. Collectively, the coronary heart vessels and blood vessels shape your circulatory device. Your body incorporates approximately 60,000 miles of blood vessels.
Vessels shipping vitamins to organs/tissues and to transport wastes faraway from organs/tissues within the blood. A primary reason and sizeable role of the vasculature is its participation in oxygenating the body.
There are five instructions of blood vessels: arteries and arterioles (the arterial machine), veins and venules (the venous system), and capillaries (the smallest bloods vessels, linking arterioles and venules through networks within organs and tissues) .
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What is the primary advantage of using phase comparison in an interference microscope?.
Using the structures of interference microscope, we got that phase comparison can be used to view specimen that is unstained.
Although all optical microscopes in strict sense create images by diffraction, interference microscopy creates images using difference between an interfering beam unmodified by specimen and an otherwise identical beam that illuminates it. A beam splitter divide light into two paths, one of which passes through specimen while the other bypasses it. When the two beams are combined, resulting interference between them reveals the structure of specimen. The first successful system, was actually invented by British microscopist Francis Smith and French physicist Maurice Françon in year 1947, used quartz lenses to produce reference and images-forming beams that were perpendicularly polarized.
The other advantages of using phase comparison in an interference microscope are:
Can be used to study marine organisms due to its dark space.Can be used to study live bacteriumHence, the reason of using phase comparison in an interference microscope is that with the help of this we can view specimen that is unstained.
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Is this a scientific model? Use complete sentences to explain why or why not.
The diagram shown below is a water cycle diagram and it is scientific model because it represents a system of ideas, events or processes.
What is a scientific model?A scientific model is described as a physical and/or mathematical and/or conceptual representation of a system of ideas, events or processes.
Scientific models are very important as they are used to explain and predict the behavior of real objects or systems and are used in a variety of scientific disciplines, ranging from physics and chemistry to ecology and the Earth sciences.
The water cycle in its own modelling describes how water evaporates from the surface of the earth, rises into the atmosphere, cools and condenses into rain or snow in clouds, and falls again to the surface as precipitation.
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what variables can affect the taste of soda
There are two major factors that affect the quality of fountain soda. First, the quality of the water mixed with CO2 will alter the taste. Second, the percentage mix of syrup to water/CO2 will affect the flavor. The mix varies in each geographical region.
gerardo is listening to a high-pitched drill, which is higher than the 1,000 hz that can be handled by a single neuron at a time but lower than 4,000 hz that would have been transmitted due to placement of the hairs being impacted on the basilar membrane. what principle explains his ability to hear this noise?
The volley principle explains Gerado's ability to hear noise higher than 1,000 Hz and lower than 4,000Hz.
The Volley principle was given by Weaver, gray and their research team in 1937. According to this principle,
Whenever someone is exposed to high frequency sounds (i.e. succession of stimuli) very frequently, the Corti of ear merges all the stimuli and form a volley.
This causes successive volleys of impulses and these volleys are fired such to align with inputs of stimuli. This helps neuron process and fire for each sound event.
This explain how Gerado's auditory nerves was able to respond to the high frequency sound of drill.
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A sample of liquid water is boiling. As more heat is added, the temperature of the liquid water will
Answer:
increase
Explanation:
Answer: It will increase
Explain: When the water tempter gets higher the water starts to increase due to the heat.
I hope this help! have a nice day!