The characteristics of spiny-skinned animals are as follows:
They are exclusively free-living marine animals. These are triploblastic and true coelomates with an organ-system grade of organization. Adult animals are radially symmetrical but larvae remain bilaterally symmetrical.They generally consist of organisms of phylum Echinodermata.They have an endoskeleton made of calcium carbonate.What are spiny-skinned animals?Spiny-skinned animals may be characterized as the type of animals that are sea stars (starfish), sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, and sea lilies. They all live in marine waters. And scientists have classified them all in the phylum Echinodermata. “Echino” means “spiny animal”, and “derm” means “skin”.
Spiny-skinned animals are placed in Echinodermata. The spines on the skin in echinoderms are part of the endoskeleton. The endoskeleton is made up of calcium carbonate plates called ossicles that bear spines that project outside.
Therefore, the characteristics of spiny-skinned animals are well described above.
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Write an equation that shows the process of photosynthesis.
Answer: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Have a good day!
Answer:
Explanation:
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy → Glucose + Oxygen
Which statement is true based on this scale?
A.Tomatoes have a higher concentration of hydrogen than seawater.
B. Seawater has a higher concentration of hydrogen than tomatoes.
C. Household ammonia is neutral.
D. Blood has no hydrogen ions.
The statement is true based on this pH scale is blood has no hydrogen ions.
What are the functions of pH scale?pH, historically denoting "potential of hydrogen", is a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Acidic solutions are measured to have lower pH values than basic or alkaline solutions.
The pH scale measures how acidic an object is. Objects that are not very acidic are called basic. The scale has values ranging from zero (the most acidic) to 14 (the most basic). As you can see from the pH scale above, pure water has a pH value of 7.
pH is a measure of how acidic/basic water is. The range goes from 0 - 14, with 7 being neutral. pHs of less than 7 indicate acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base.
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A pink snapdragon is cross-pollinated with a white snapdragon. If they produce twenty
offspring, determine the possible phenotypes and the number of individual offspring that
would be predicted to have each phenotype.
The genotype for the pink flower is Rr and the genotype for the white flower is rr. This would lead to a 50% chance of the offspring having a phenotype of pink.
What is cross pollination?Cross-pollination is the process of applying pollen from one flower to the pistils of another flower. Pollination occurs in nature with the help of insects and wind. This process can also be done by hand to produce offspring with desired traits, such as colour or pest resistance.To cross-pollinate it is necessary to prepare two different roses that are at a similar stage of development. In general, in contrast to diploid roses which are mostly self-incompatible, tetraploid roses are self-compatible. To prevent self-pollination of the selected seed parent, the anthers (pollen sacs) must be removed from the blooms before any pollen is released (Fig. 1). This is best accomplished at sunrise when blooms are in the one-third to one-half open stage. First, all of the petals are removed. This procedure allows better access to the centre of the flowerTo learn more about Pollen refer to:
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The central dogma of molecular genetics states that genetic information flows from:
A. DNA > RNA > Proteins
B DNA> RNA> Carbohydrates
C. Amino acids > Proteins> DNA
D. DNA> Carbohydrates> Proteins
Two stages are required for the expression of a polypeptide-encoding gene. The core assumption of molecular biology is that information travels in this process from DNA to RNA to protein, where there is a directional relationship.
A theory claiming that genetic information only moves in one direction—from DNA to RNA to protein, or from RNA to protein directly—is the basic dogma of molecular biology.
According to the so-called basic dogma of molecular biology, all genetic information moves from DNA to RNA through transcription and then from RNA to proteins through translation (Crick, 1958).
Information is transferred through one strand of DNA to RNA during transcription, which is carried out by the enzyme RNA Polymerase.
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can organisms with different genotypes have the same phenotypes?
Yes, two distinct genotypes can result in the same phenotype. Remember that the recessive phenotype will only be manifested if the dominant allele is missing or if an individual is homozygous recessive (tt).
What exactly is a genotype?A genotype is a classification of the kind of variation found at a certain position (i.e., a locus) in the genome. Symbols can be used to symbolize it. For example, the letters BB, Bb, bb might be used to indicate a specific mutation of a gene.
What exactly is a phenotype?The visible characteristics of an individual, such as height, eye color, and blood type, are referred to as phenotypes. Both a person's genetic composition (genotype) and environmental circumstances influence their phenotype.
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Why do I have extra bone in my mouth?
The extra bone could be A benign growth of bone in the mouth called a torus or tori (plural).
This is a largely bilateral condition because there is a torus on both the left and right sides of your mouth in 90% of cases. In most cases, this abnormality in the mouth does not cause any significant harm. It will make you feel bad, and if the growth continues, the mandibular tori can make your mouth hurt or not work as well. The size of the tori can change throughout a person's life, reaching a point where it can touch the middle of your mouth.
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Think about this - you should be able to figure it out!
An elephant is very large. You view some muscle cells from the leg of an elephant with a microscope. After that, you view some muscle cells from a human leg with a microscope.
What would you expect to observe and why?
Why do plants use carbohydrates to store their energy instead of ATP?
Carbohydrates can be held for an extended period of time before degrading and breaking down. ATP, on the other hand, is a fairly unstable molecule that can begin to degrade after a few hours of production.
Plants must store energy like carbohydrates to provide a consistent source of energy when the sun does not provide enough energy to produce the essential ATP. Furthermore, ATP does not move well across cellular membranes, making it difficult to convey across an organism. Carbohydrates are significantly more easily transported in sap.
Plants have an immune system that helps them to protect themselves vs a wide variety of microbes such as bacteria, oomycetes, and fungus. Furthermore, a critical role as signalling molecules, analogous to hormones, has emerged and is now being extensively researched. Sugars are thus regarded as players in a complex communication system required for the coordination between metabolism , growth, development, or responses to environmental changes & stressors as they interact with diurnal variations, abiotic and biotic challenges, and hormone signaling.
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Lab: Mouse Genetics (One Trait) whole lab please will mark brainliest
Mouse genetics two traits are about alleles assort, if a mouse inherits a specific version of one characteristic, the inheritance of the other trait will not be impacted.
What do you mean by Trait?Trait refers to a characteristic or condition that is genetically determined. It is the trait that a child inherits from their parent.
Breed "pure" mice with specified genotypes to produce precise fur and eye colors, and study how dominant and recessive genes influence phenotypes. Mice can be kept in cages for future breeding, and each time a couple of mice breeds, the statistics of their fur and eye color are recorded.
All members of a species possess the same set of genes, or functional units. About 24,500 protein-coding genes make up the mouse reference genome, which was fully sequenced in 2002. These are structurally dispersed throughout 19 pairs of autosomes in addition to the X and Y chromosomes.
Therefore, Because alleles assort, if a mouse inherits a specific version of one characteristic, the inheritance of the other trait will not be impacted.
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the stage of the cell cycle where each chromosome is composed of two chromatids in preparation for mitosis.
Prophase As a result, during prophase and metaphase of mitosis, the chromosomes are dyad, or made up of two chromatids.
During the S phase (synthesis phase), DNA replication produces two identical copies of each chromosome, known as sister chromatids, which are securely connected at the centromere region. At this point, each chromosome is a duplicated chromosome composed of two sister chromatids.
Chromosomes begin metaphase with two chromatids connected by a centromere. During anaphase, the chromatids split and become individual chromosomes. Cytokinesis divides the chromosome into two distinct cells.
During prophase, chromosomes condense; each chromosome is made up of two identical sister chromatids linked at the centromere.
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Which of the following is the site of protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
Protein synthesis is the process by which cells construct proteins from amino acids. It takes place in the cell's cytoplasm and is carried out by ribosomes.
Ribosomes are small organelles made up of specialized proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). They are responsible for decoding the genetic message contained in messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules and for assembling amino acids into proteins.
The mRNA molecule contains the genetic instructions for the ribosomes to build a specific protein. The ribosomes read the mRNA and use the information to assemble the amino acids in the correct order. This process is known as translation and is the central part of protein synthesis.
Complete Question:
Which of the following is the site of protein synthesis?
A. Ribosomes
B. DNA
C. Nucleus
D. Mitochondria
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Codominance incomplete dominance multiple alleles Polygenics Sex-linked traits IIIII :: type of inheritance patterns in which both alleles are expressed. Example a black and a white chicken produce a speckled chicken :: type of inheritance in which the gene for a trait has more than the typical two alleles. Example, human blood has A, B and O alleles :: type of inheritance in which a trait is influenced by more than one gene. Example eye color H type of inheritance in which both alleles are partially expressed to form a new/intermediate phenotype. Example Red and white flowers produce pink flowers. :: type of inheritance in which the characteristic is determined by a gene located on the sex chromosome X. < 10:47 PM
Answer:
Codominance - 1, Incomplete Dominance - 4, multiple alleles - 2, Polygentics - 3, Sex-Linked traits - 5
Explanation:
Most of these are self-explanatory, since the literal definition is the answer.
Mutations occur in part of a DNA sequence. The DNA sequence before and after the mutations is shown below. A strand of mRNA is then made from the mutated DNA sequence.
The table below shows the amino acids encoded by some mRNA base sequences (codons). Based on this information, what is the expected effect of the mutations?
Before mutations colon Uppercase A T G G C G G A A G C A
After mutations colon Uppercase A T G C G G G A A G G A
Responses
A) A protein with the same amino acids will be made.
B) A protein with the same amino acids will be made.
C) A protein with different amino acids will be made.
D) A protein with different amino acids will be made.
E) A protein with more amino acids will be made.
F) A protein with more amino acids will be made.
G) A protein with fewer amino acids will be made.
A protein with different amino acids would be made. Options C and D.
What is mutation?Mutation refers to a sudden change to the base sequence of a DNA.
The original sequence of the DNA is ATG GCG GAA GCA. Arranging the sequence in triplets and looking up the amino acids that correspond to each codon. The resulting amino acids for the last codon would be as follows:
GCA - Ala
The mutated sequence is ATG CGG GAA GGA. Arranging it into triplet codes to form codons and the following will be obtained for the last codon:
GGA - Gly
In other words, a protein with different amino acids will be made.
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What is the process of building proteins called?
The process through which cells produce proteins is known as protein synthesis. It happens in two stages : transcription and translation.
Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA in the cell nucleus. It consists of three steps: Start, update, and finish.
Proteins are the major functional molecules and building blocks of all cells. They are produced in all organisms in a similar two-step process called protein synthesis. That is, DNA is first transcribed into RNA, and then RNA is translated into protein.
The first step in protein synthesis is transcription, the unfolding of DNA and the generation of messenger RNA (mRNA) chains. In the second step of protein synthesis, translation, tRNA and mRNA interact to encode amino acids and grow polypeptide chains.
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What does Subpart A of the HHS regulations for the protection of human subjects in research entail?
Subpart A of the HHS regulations for the protection of human subjects in research entail a robust set of protections for research subjects.
The term "HHS Regulations" refers to the medical privacy rules titled "Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information" that were published by the US Secretary of Health and Human Services on April 14, 2003, or subsequently as the Secretary changed them, and all subsequent revisions.
An individual who takes part in research is referred to as a research subject. To aid in resolving the research issue, information (or "data") is gathered from or about the subject. Human subjects, participants in the study, and study volunteers are other names for research participants. A subject may be a sick or a fit person.
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Where is the energy stored in a polysaccharide stored?
The monomeric units in polysaccharides are connected with the help of high-energy covalent bonds called glycosidic bonds. The energy is stored between these bonds.
A polysaccharide is a type of carbohydrate made by connecting monomers or monosaccharides. These monosaccharides are covalently connected to one another with a help of glycosidic bonds. These bonds connects the hydroxyl group of an organic chemical and the hemiacetal group of a saccharide molecule.
These are high-energy bonds because the energy is stored between these bonds. In order to release the energy needed to produce ATP, these bonds must be broken. The energy content of the polysaccharide increases as these linkages increase in number.
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Stem cells are able to specialize into the unique cell types seen throughout the body, a process called
Answer: Cell differentiation. Cellular differentiation is the process in which a stem cell alters from one type to a differentiated one. Usually, the cell changes to a more specialized type.
Explanation:
Where does deletion mutation occur?
Deletion mutations are a type of genetic variation that occur when one or more nucleotides are removed from the DNA sequence.
These mutations can occur in different regions of a gene, including the coding region, the regulatory region, or the intron regions.Coding region deletions are variations that occur in the exons of a gene, which are the regions that code for the amino acid sequence of a protein. These deletions can result in a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein, which can lead to altered protein structure and function.
For example, a point deletion, which is a deletion of a single nucleotide, can result in a frameshift mutation and the loss of the protein's function.
Regulatory region deletions are variations that occur in the non-coding regions of a gene, such as the promoter or enhancer regions. These regions control the expression of a gene and can affect the amount of protein produced. A deletion in these regions can lead to decreased expression of the gene, which can ultimately affect the amount of protein produced.Intron deletions are variations that occur in the non-coding regions of a gene, such as introns, which are regions that are transcribed but are not translated. These deletions can affect the splicing of a gene and can lead to altered protein structure and function.
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What is the name of the process in which an RNA template is used to synthesize DNA?
The process in which an RNA template is used to synthesize DNA is called reverse transcription. Reverse transcription is a process by which a single-stranded RNA molecule is used as a template to synthesize a complementary DNA strand.
This process is catalyzed by an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. Reverse transcription is an essential step in the replication of certain viruses, particularly retroviruses such as HIV. The viral RNA genome is reverse transcribed into a double-stranded DNA molecule, which can then integrate into the host genome. This integration allows the viral DNA to be replicated along with the host genome, leading to the production of new viral particles.
In addition to retroviruses, reverse transcription also plays a role in the replication of certain types of non-retroviral RNA viruses such as the Hepatitis B virus. Also, reverse transcription is also used to generate cDNA (complementary DNA) from RNA as a part of molecular biology techniques like RT-PCR (Reverse transcriptase-Polymerase chain reaction) or in some cases in genome sequencing.
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Which example is a polysaccharide used in plants for structure but acts as fiber when we eat them?
Answer:
Starch.
Explanation:
Starch is a polysaccharide since it's a very complex sugar and it provides fibre to get with digestion etc.
What is the structure of starch?
Starch is a flavorless, fluffy white powder that is soluble in alcohol, cold water, and other solvents but not insoluble in them. A polysaccharide known as starch is composed of 1,4 connections between glucose monomers. The starch molecule has the chemical formula (C6H10O5)n.
Long strands of coupled sugar molecules make up the structure of starch. The most fundamental type of starch is the linear polymer amylose, while the branched type is amylopectin. Starch is mostly used by plants to aid with energy storage. Starch is a source of sugar in the diet of animals. Animals need the amylase enzyme, which breaks down starch for energy and is found in saliva and the pancreas, to break down starch.
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A light or optical microscope most commonly used is called a(n) _____.
A light or optical microscope most commonly used is called a compound microscope.
It is an instrument that uses lenses and light to magnify small objects, such as cells or microorganisms, to better observe their structure and details.
A compound microscope typically has two sets of lenses, an objective lens that is closest to the specimen and an eyepiece lens that is closest to the observer's eye. The objective lens gathers and focuses light onto the specimen, while the eyepiece lens magnifies the image produced by the objective lens. This combination of lenses allows for much higher magnification than a single-lens microscope, usually around 100-1000x magnification.
It also has several important features like coarse and fine focus, diaphragm, stage, and condenser. Compound microscopes are widely used in many fields such as biology, medicine, and materials science.
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Why is it harder to breathe when climbing up a high mountain?
A. The air compresses the lungs.
B. The air pressure increases.
C. The air has more moisture.
D.The air is thinner.
Answer:
The correct answer is D. When climbing up a high mountain, the air becomes thinner, meaning it has lower oxygen levels. This makes it harder to breathe because the body needs oxygen to function. The air pressure also increases, but this is not the main cause of difficulty in breathing. The air pressure compresses the lungs, but this is not the main cause of difficulty in breathing either. The air has more moisture, but this is not the main cause of difficulty in breathing.
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Answer:
D is your answer
Explanation:
Which of the following is the diffusible extracellular element in the process of vulval cell differentiation?
O the Notch receptor
O the EGF receptor
O the Notch ligand
O the EGF ligand
The EGF ligand is the diffusible extracellular element in the process of vulval cell differentiation.
All EGFR ligands are produced as type 1 transmembrane precursors that are cleaved in the extracellular domain to release soluble ligands that bind to and activate the EGFR. Members of the a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) family frequently mediate this cleavage process.
What exactly does the EGF receptor do?The epidermal growth factor receptor protein participates in signaling pathways that regulate cell division and survival. Mutations (changes) in the EGFR gene can cause epidermal growth factor receptor proteins to be produced in greater quantities than usual on some types of cancer cells.
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swollen lymph nodes are an indication of group of answer choices poor diet. hemophilia. infection. anemia.
Swollen lymph nodes are an indication of infection. Here option C is the correct answer.
Swollen lymph nodes, also known as lymphadenopathy, can be a sign of an underlying infection. The lymphatic system is part of the immune system, and one of its functions is to filter out harmful substances, such as bacteria or viruses, that enter the body.
When an infection occurs, the lymph nodes can become swollen as they work to trap and destroy the pathogens. This swelling can be felt as a lump under the skin, and in some cases, the nodes may become quite large.
Swollen lymph nodes can also be a sign of other conditions, such as an autoimmune disorder or cancer, but infection is a common cause. It is important to see a doctor if you have persistent or painful swelling of the lymph nodes to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment.
Complete question:
swollen lymph nodes are an indication of group of answer choices
A - poor diet.
B - hemophilia.
C - infection.
D - anemia.
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Infer How does the skeletal system protect other organ systems in the body?
Organs that serve as shields and supports: Your skull shields your brain, your ribs shield your heart and lungs, and your backbone shields your spine.
Why is the skeletal system crucial for safeguarding our organs? Organs that serve as shields and supports: Your skull shields your brain, your ribs shield your heart and lungs, and your backbone shields your spine.mineral stowage.Calcium and vitamin D that are present in your body are stored in your bones.Your organs are protected by your bones from severe blows, piercings, and other types of harm.As an illustration, your skull shields your brain, while your ribs guard your heart and lungs.your body making blood cells.Your platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells are all produced by specific types of bones.The pelvis assists in defending the bladder, a portion of the intestines, and, in women, the reproductive organs. The ribs act as a cage to protect the heart and lungs.To learn more about skeletal system refer
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how long is the ovum able to be fertilized after ovulation?
The ovum is typically able to be fertilized for 12-24 hours after that. However, the precise time can differ based on a variety of variables, such as the menstrual cycle of the specific woman and the condition of the egg .
Each month while you are menstruating, the lining of your private sheds. Menstruation is also referred to as menses, menstrual period, menstrual cycle, and period. Menstrual blood leaves your body through your private after leaving your private, where it is composed of a mixture of blood and tissue from your private.
Menstrual cycle onset is regulated by hormones. Hormones serve as chemical messengers in your body. Your reproductive system's and your brain's pituitary gland both generate and release particular hormones at various times during your menstrual cycle.
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atropine is a poison that blocks nerve action by binding to acetylcholine (ach) receptors. where would you expect to find atropine bound on the figure?
Atropine, a medication available only by prescription, is used to treat the signs and symptoms of low heart rate (bradycardia), to lessen salivation and bronchial secretions before to surgery, as an antidote for cholinergic drug abuse, and for mushroom poisoning.
What are the uses of atropine?Atropine, a medication available only by prescription, is used to treat the signs and symptoms of low heart rate (bradycardia), to lessen salivation and bronchial secretions before to surgery, as an antidote for cholinergic drug abuse, and for mushroom poisoning. Atropine, a medication available only by prescription, is used to treat the signs and symptoms of low heart rate (bradycardia), to lessen salivation and bronchial secretions before to surgery, as an antidote for cholinergic drug abuse, and for mushroom poisoning.To learn more about Atropine refer to:
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period of nuclear cell division in which two daughter cells are formed, each containing a complete set of chromosomes.
Mitosis creates two identical daughter cells that each contain the same number of chromosomes as their parent cell.
In cell biology, the division of replicated chromosomes into two new nuclei occurs during the cell cycle process known as mitosis. Mitosis, a form of cell division, produces genetically identical cells with a preserved chromosome count. As a result, equational division is another name for the mitotic process. Generally speaking, cytokinesis, which splits a cell's cytoplasm, organelles, and cell membrane into two new cells with nearly equal shares of these biological components, and telophase, which frequently follow, precede mitosis (during which DNA replication occurs). The mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells that are genetically identical to one another—is defined by the several stages of mitosis taken collectively.
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Which type of mutation is deletion?